HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 2 Whole Numbers
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 6 Integers
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 8 Decimals
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 9 Data Handling
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 10 Mensuration
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 11 Algebra
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 13 Symmetry
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 14 Practical Geometry
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 6 पूर्णांक
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 7 भिन्न
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 8 दशमलव
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 11 बीजगणित
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 13 सममिति
HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage In, Garbage Out Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Exercises
Question 1.
(a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the red-worms?
(b) Have you seen any other organisms, besides red worm, in your pit, if yes, try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these.
Answer:
(a) Garbage such as pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers, nails, old shoes and broken toys etc. not into compest by red warms.
(b) Yes, there are other organisms in a pit of compesting such as bacteria and some fungi which decompose the biodegradable wastes.
Question 2.
Discuss:
(a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?
(b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage?
Answer:
(a) No, the garbage disposal is our responsibility also. Because clear air, water and locality helps us to make healthy. So every citizen should care for waste disposal. We should not throw wastes carelessly. We should use less and reuse them and recycle the wastes. We should collect garbage carefully in dustbins and should save environment to pollute. It is our duty to keep our environment healthy and clean.
(b) Problems related to garbage disposed can be reduced easily, if we think carefully for disposal of wastes. We should collect, our kitchen or shop garbage in separate bags and dispose of in municipal dustbin. We should not throw any waste materials in the gali or on road. Everyone of us should use separate dust bins. Industry should use effluent plants for their waste disposal. Organic and agricultural wastes should be used for composting garbage should be properly discarded into landfill.
If we properly follow these action then disposal problem can be reduced.
Question 3.
(a) What do you do with the leftover food at home?
(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter at a party, which one would you prefer and why?
Answer:
(a) The left over food in our home is known as kitchen wastes. It comes in group—I category, which wastes are biodegradable by micro-organisms into useful products. Left over food at home is dumped into compost pits with other wastes such as rag, papers, and peels of vegetables which converted into manure after some days and used as food for plants.
(b) In a party I and my friend choose to eat in a banana leaf platter, due to the following reasons:
Banana leaf platter is an agricultural waste and it can be converted into compost after use. Compost is a manure, which is used by plants and crops for getting necessary nutrients. By using banana platter we also save our environment and surroundings to become pollute. Which is helpful for our health and healthy environment.
Question 4.
(a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled?
(b) With the help of a lense look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you see any difference in the materials of recycled paper and a new sheet ofpaper?
Answer:
(a) Pieces of newspapers, magezines, used envelops, note books, shiny plastic coated papers and shiny paper which are waxy in nature. From all these types of papers, plastic coated paper and shiny paper, could not be recycled. But paper pieces like newspapers, used envelops, notebooks, maga-zines, etc. cam be recycled and be converted into useful products, which are harmless for our society.
(b) When we see the recycled paper with the help of lense, we find that there is no great difference between them. The recycled paper quantity decrease upto some levels and there are roughness in recycled paper. This type of paper can be used for making carrybags and other packing materials.
Question 5.
(a) Collect different kinds of packaging materials. What was the purpose for which each one was used? Discuss in groups.
(b) Give an example in which packing could have been reduced?
(c) Write a story on how packing increases amount of garbage?
Answer:
(a) Collect different types of packaging materials such as, plastic cords, plastic bags, strips, jute bags and cords, clothes strips and any packaging materials from your locality and market shops. Discuss with your class mate in groups, in which each packaging materials used and write in your notebook.
(b) The shopkeepers should buy large amount of goods like nuts or coffee. By doing so they reduce the waste and packaging materials. They should buy goods in bulk and bigger quantities in a single box pakage. For exaple we can buy the large package of sugar, rice, cereals, tooth-pestes and detergents, etc. This type of shopping will reduce the wastages.
(c) Packing increases the amount of garbages. Every good or things are sold in small packets of plastic materials which are thrown out after use. This increases the garbage. Plastic bags, cans, aluminium foils and many other packaging materials are used and thrownout after use. These packaging materials increase garbage. Soft drinks, tooth-pastes and many other goods now-a-days are sold in plastic cans and aluminium cans.
Now-a-days every thing/goods such as ghee, refined, soaps, detergents, cereals and all eatable goods are sold in small packets. This increases the garbage upto a large extent. In this way we can say that packaging materials increases the amount of garbage.
Question 6.
Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers? Why?
Answer:
We think that compost is better to use instead of chemical fertilisers because compost provides much nutrients to crop plants. It is easily absorbed by plant roots. Compost is cheaper than chemical fertilisers. It increases the fertility of the soil. On the other hand chemical fertilisers do not get decomposed by natural methods and they increase water and soil pollution. Chemical fertilizers are easily solunle in water. By leaching they reache the underground water and pollute water.
Therefore, we can say that compost is better use instead of chemical fertilisers.
HBSE 6th Class Science Garbage In Garbage Out Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name any two garbage.
Answer:
Plastic bags and cans/tins.
Question 2.
Define garbage.
Answer:
Any materials which is discarded by us or which is of no use for us is called garbage.
Question 3.
What is landfill?
Answer:
A low lying open area in which garbage is thrown.
Question 4.
Are all garbage harmful to us?
Answer:
No, all garbage not harmful to us.
Question 5.
What type of garbage are used for composting?
Answer:
Garbage of our kitchen like fruits & vegetable peels, egg cells, waste food and tea leaves are used for composting.
Question 6.
Name some garbage which are not used as composting.
Answer:
Garbage, like, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers and old shoes are not used for composting.
Question 7.
Define composting.
Answer:
The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called, ‘composting’.
Question 8.
Which type of dustbin is used for collecting garbage which is used again?
Answer:
Blue colour dustbin.
Question 9.
What type of garbage is collecting in green colour dustbin?
Answer:
Materials such as kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.
Question 10.
Should we bum the dried leaves?
Answer:
No, we should not bum the dried leaves.
Question 11.
Define ‘Vermicomposting’.
Answer:
The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called ‘Vermicomposting’.
Question 12.
What type of food red worm need?
Answer:
Red worms need food like, vegetable and fruits wastes, coffee and tea remains.
Question 13.
Which type of wastes is not used as red worm food?
Answer:
Wastes such as salt containing pickels, oil, vinegar, meat and milk should not be used as redworm food.
Question 14.
How redworms grind the food?
Answer:
Red worms do not have teeth for grinding food. They have a structure called gizzards for grinding their food.
Question 15.
What is the suitable season for the survival of red worms?
Answer:
They need normal temperature, not very hot nor very cold. They also need moisture around them.
Question 16.
What is ‘Papier mache’?
Answer:
It is a paste made of clay and paper and some rice husk.
Question 17.
Name few things we use that are made of plastics.
Answer:
Toys, shoes, bags, pens, combs and tooth brushes, etc. are few things that we use in daily life made of plastics.
Question 18.
How plastics are harmful for our health?
Answer:
Burning of plastics give out harmful gases, which may cause many health problems including cancer in humans.
Question 19.
How plastic bags are harmful for stray animals?
Answer:
Stray animals look for food in these bags, they end up swallowing these, sometimes they die due to this.
Question 20.
What are the problems we face. When plastic bags thrown away on roads?
Answer:
When we throw away plastic bags on roads or other places, they get into drain and sewer system. As a result drain get choked and water spills on the road.
Question 21.
Name one method by which we minimise garbage.
Answer:
We make a minimum use of plastic bags. We reuse the bags whenever it is possible to do so without any adverse affects.
Question 22.
What do you know about wastes?
Answer:
Wastes are the useless and unwanted materials discarded by humans.
Question 23.
Define domestic wastes.
Answer:
Domestic wastes include sewage, kitchen wastes, and garbage, etc.
Question 24.
What is incineration?
Answer:
The process of burning of wastes in a large furnace is called incineration.
Question 25.
Define vermieulture.
Answer:
The process of getting manure from biodegradable wastes by adding earthworms to the compost, is called vermieulture.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How many types wastes can be divided?
Answer:
On the basis of physical, chemical and biological characteristic wastes can be divided into the following categories:
(a) Biodegradable wastes: Wastes which comprise of materials which has the ability to break down sofely and quickly by micro-organisms for example, dead and decaying remains of plants and animals, faecal remains water etc.
(b) Non-biodegadable wastes: Which do not breakdown into simple and harmless products by natural agents like bacteria and fungi are called non- biodegadable wastes. For example, metallic oxides, murcury, lead, DDT and radioactive wastes.
Question 2.
Define municipal wastes.
Answer:
Municipal wastes referred as garbage, etc. Municipal wastes is a combina-tion of wastes. They are papers, food wastes, plastics, metals, ash, glass, and others.
Question 3.
What are biodegradable wastes?
Answer:
Biodegradable wastes comprise of material which has the ability to break down safely and quickly by microorganisms. These originate from natural organic sources animals and plant based products.
Question 4.
Define the term domestic wastes.
Answer:
Human beings discard many things in our day to day life activities. They are considered as domestic wastes. Domestic wastes are:
(i) Sewage
(ii) kitchen wastes
(iii) garbage
(iv) others.
Human excreta and wastes from bathroom and kitchen come in category of sewage. Vegetables, fruits and other food wates are kitchen wastes whereas papers, rags, hairs, and house dust come in garbage category and plastic bags and rubber things are come in other categorties.
Question 5.
Burning of lianes are harmful to us. Explain.
Answer:
Garbage heaps of dried leaves are burnt most of the time. Farmers too often burn the husk dried leaves and part of crop plants in their fields. Burning of these, produces smoke and gases that are harmful to our health.
Question 6.
How earthworms are called farmers’ friends?
Answer:
Earthworms are farmers friends because they help to increase the fertility of the soil. They eat dust and make soil fertile. They are used to prepare vermicopot, which gives many nutrients to soil and ultimately to crop plants. So they are called farmers’ friend.
Question 7.
How do you prepare vermicompost?
Answer:
Vermicompost is prepared by the help of redworms. A pit of 30 cm deep is dug and a comfortable home is made for the redworms in it. Spray a thick layer of sand in it, stalk of plants’ husk or green leaves spread over the sand layer. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet. Now put some redworms in this pit. Cover it with a sheet of cloth over the pit. Redworms eat fruits wastes’ coffee and tea remains. They grind their food. They eat equal to their weight. After 3/4 weaks soil like material is seen in the pit. This is vermicompost. Remove it from the pit and use after dried in sunlight.
Question 8.
Define recycling of paper.
Answer:
Collect old newspapers, magazines, used envelops, note-books and other papers and take a frame fitted with a net. Tear the paper into small pieces, put them in a tub and pour water over it. Let the paper remain submerged in water for a day. Make a thick paste of paper by pounding it.
Now spread the wet pastes on the wire mesh fixed to the frame. Put it gently to make the thickness of layer of paste as uniform as possible. Wait till waste drains off. Now remove the layer of paste from the frame, spread it on a sheet of newspaper by putting some weights so that these do not curl up. Thus recycled paper is prepared.
Question 9.
What is meant by the spoilage of landscape
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape is directly related to the improper waste management specially solid waste. The solid wastes may be slag heaps from mines, in paper mills, sugar mills, fertilizers and our household. They make our surrounding unhygenic. These spoils the landscape and destroy greenary of some areas. Soil becomes toxic in nature wastes accumulated places often becomes home of rats, house flies, mosquitoes and bacteria. These things destroy the beauty and usefulness of the place.
Question 10.
What are the health problems faced by the rag-pickers?
Answer:
Rag-pickers manually separate non- biodegradable wastes from the heap of garbage in the cities. These people are always exposed to biomedical wates like tape worms, liver flube eggs, sharp materials, broken glass, used syringes, needles etc. which can harm them to a great extent.
Some of the occupational hazards associated with these wastes handling are infectious of different types like skin and eye and respiratory, intestinal. Some diseases also result due to bites of animals. Exposer to dust and can result in cancer. Exposer to toxic agents is usually followed by its absorption and entry into the blood cancer.
Question 11.
List the various steps practiced in waste management.
Answer:
Various steps practiced in waste management are broadly divided into four steps:
(i) collection of wastes
(ii) segregation of waste
(iii) reduction and resource recovery
(iv) treatment and disposal.
Question 12.
How does a landfill basically works?
Answer:
The basic working of a landfill involves three steps:
(i) Deposit the refuse.
(ii) Compact it with buldozers.
(iii) Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep of soil after each day operation and with a final cover of 2 feet when the area is full.
Question 13.
What should be taken into consideration while selecting a landfills?
Answer:
While selecting a landfill the following points must be considered:
(i) Land requirements and its cost: The quantity of solid wastes, degree of compaction to be obtained, ratio of compacted wastes to the cover materials and depth of the fill determine the area of land and hence its cost.
(ii) Accessibility: The place where the disposal of wastes is to be done should be located either centrally or near the source generation. Also the landfill should be downward from the community.
(iii) Cover material: A sanitary landfill requires at least 15 cm cover of thick compacted soil at the end of each day work.
(iv) Climate: The frequency of rainfall, the velocity and direction of prevailing wind, and our all temperature time relationship are the factors to be considered for a particular site.
(v) Tropography: Any tropography may be used for the site of a landfill. However different site will pose special operational and design problems.
Question 14.
What are composting? What are its benefits?
Answer:
Composting is defined as the decomposition if heterogeneous matter in a mixed microbial population in the moist, warm and aerobic environment. The micro-organisms convert organic waste into humus which has a significant value for crops. The end product is called compost. It consists of nutrients and minerals like n, p, k and other trace elements.
Compost has the following benefits:
(i) It increases the fertility of the soil, rich in nutrients.
(ii) It also contains trace elements like copper, manganese and molybdenum etc. essential for growth of plants.
(iii) It improves the texture of the soil and increases the water absorption capacity of the soil.
Question 15.
Write short notes on:
(i) Incineration
(ii) Bio-methanation.
Answer:
(i) Incineration:
Incineration is the process of burning of wastes in a large furnance. It reduces the volume of waste by 20 to 30% of original volume and makes the products stable. It helps to eliminate any infectious organisms which may be present while reducing the volumes of wastes to be disposed of. If wastes is not segregated properly, incineration produces toxic ash and its leakage can pollute pond water.
(ii) Bio-methanation:
In this method organic matter like vegetable wastes, crop residues and animal excreta like cow-dung are decomposed in the absence of air and presence of water to produce biogas which is rich in methane. Biogas can be used to produce electricity, to cook to light streetlamps. It is pollution free method of dispoal of organic wastes in which leftover and slurry can be used as a manure.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What can we do to minimise overuse of plastics and deal with garbage?
Answer:
(i) We make a minimum use of plastic bags. We re-use the bags wherever it is possible to do so without any adverse effects.
(ii) We insist shopkeepers use proper bags. We carry a cloth or jute bags when we go out for shopping.
(iii) We do not use plastic bags to store eatables.
(iv) We do not throw plastic bags here and there, after use.
(v) We never burn plastic bags and other plastic materials.
(vi) We do not put garbage in plastic bags and throw it away.
(vii) We use vermicompacting at home and dead with other kitchen wastes carefully.
(viii) We recycle papers.
(ix) We use both sides of paper to write. We use a slate for rough work. We use blank sheet of papers left in our note-books for roughworks.
(x) We make our family friends and others to follow proper practices for disposing different kinds of wastes.
The most important point to know and think about is that—more garbage we generate, more difficult it will be to get rid of it.
Question 2.
What we can do to manage waste?
Answer:
The following are some of the things we can do to manage waste:
(i) Throwing garbage in the correct bin.
(ii) Segregating household garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
(iii) Reducing the use of plastics.
(iv) Using materials that can be recycled.
(v) Buying things with least amount of packaging to avoid generation of waste.
Garbage In Garbage Out Class 6 HBSE Notes
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Exercises
Question 1.
What is the composition of air?
Answer:
The major components of air are:
(i) Nitrogen (78%)
(ii) Oxygen (21%)
(iii) Noble gases (0.9%)
(iv) Carbon dioxide (00.3%)
(iv) Other gases, dust particles and water vapours (0.01%) by volume.
Question 2.
Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration?
Answer:
Oxygen gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration.
Question 3.
How will you prove that air supports burning?
Answer:
Take two plastic bottles and remove their base with the help of a sharp knife. Take two candles and coverthese two burning candles with the plastic bottles. After some time, candles stop burning and water level rises up in the plastic bottles.
Now make several holes in one plastic bottle and cover the lighting candle with this bottle. We see that candle burns continuously. This candle gets air from different holes and burns continuously till it is completely finished. This activity shows that air supports burning.
Question 4.
How will you show that air is dissolved in water?
Answer:
Take some water in a beaker and heat it slowly on a tripod stand with gas burner. We see that tiny bubbles are sticking on it. These
bubbles are mainly of oxygen gas present in air, i which is dissolved in water. When we heat water, the air dissolved in water escapes out in the form of bubbles.
This shows that air is dissolved in water.
Question 5.
Why does cotton lump get sunk T in water?
Answer:
Cotton lump contains air in it. There are various spaces in which air is filled. When cotton lump is put into water, air present in the vacant space dissolved in water and cotton lump sank.
Question 6.
The layer of air around the earth is known as
Answer:
The layer of air around the earth is known as atmosphere.
Question 7.
The component of air used by green plants to make their food is
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is needed by green 1 plants to make their food.
Question 8.
List five activities that are possible due to presence of air.
Answer:
Activities that are possible due to presence of air are as follows:
(i) Windmill.
(ii) Movements of sailing yachts.
(iii) Flying of aeroplanes, birds, etc.
(iv) Dispersal of seeds.
(v) Watercycle.
Question 9.
How do plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Plants and animals help each other in exchange of gases. They are interdependent on each other. All the animals require oxygen for their survival. It helps breaking down digested food in the body and release energy. This process is called respiration. During respiration, carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Plants consume this carbon dioxide gas for preparing their own food and release oxygen. They also use some oxygen for respiration. This oxygen gas is used for animals in their respiration process. In this way, plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere.
HBSE 6th Class Science Air around us Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Where do we get air?
Answer:
We get air from the atmosphere.
Question 2.
What is the use of air pressure?
Answer:
Air pressure is used in pumps.
Question 3.
The cover of air around the earth is called
Answer:
Atmosphere.
Question 4.
Air occupies and
Answer:
Space, mass.
Question 5
forms the earth atmosphere.
Answer:
Air.
Question 6.
What gases are found in the air?
Answer:
Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases and water vapours.
Question 7.
Which gas forms the largest part of the air?
Answer:
Nitrogen.
Question 8.
What part of the air is oxygen?
Answer:
Oxygen is l/5th part of the air.
Question 9.
What is the use of nitrogen in air?
Answer:
Nitrogen slows down the process of combustion.
Question 10.
State one biological importance of air dissolved in water.
Answer:
Dissolved air helps aquatic animals for breathing.
Question 11.
During photosynthesis, which gas is consumed?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide gas.
Question 12.
Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
Answer:
Oxygen gas.
Question 13.
Which gas is helpful for combustion?
Answer:
Oxygen gas.
Question 14.
When do plants release oxygen?
Answer:
Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Question 15.
Name two variable components of air.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oyxgen.
Question 16.
Name two objects which are inflated by air.
Answer:
(i) Cycle tyre
(ii) Balloons.
Question 17.
Give the percentage composition of nitrogen and oxygen by volume in air.
Answer:
Nitrogen – 70% and oxygen – 21%.
Question 18.
Name two inert gases present in the air.
Answer:
(i) Argon
(ii) Neon.
Question 19.
Why do we need extra oxygen supply at high altitude?
Answer:
Because at high altitude air is thin.
Question 20.
Excepting oxygen and nitrogen, name two other gases present in the air.
Answer:
(i) Carbon dioxide
(ii) Argon.
Question 21.
Which component of the air is used in fire extinguishers?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide gas.
Question 22.
State one way in which air enters the air.
Answer:
Through respiration.
Question 23.
Why do we call neon and argon as inert gases?
Answer:
Because they do not react with any ; other element or compound in ordinary conditions.
Question 24.
Name two gases which can – damage historical monuments.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen dioxide
(ii) Sulphur dioxide.
Question 25.
What is called wind?
Answer:
The moving air is called wind.
Question 26.
Name two properties of air.
Answer:
(i) Air occupies space
(ii) It has mass.
Question 27.
Write two importances of air in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) Air helps rotate wind-mill which is used to draw water from tube-wells.
(ii) Air helps in dispersion of seeds and ; pollen grains of flowers of several plants.
Question 28.
Give one important use of .! nitrogen.
Answer:
Nitrogen is used in the manufacture of fertilizers.
Question 29.
Name two major gases of air.
Answer:
Two major gases of air are:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write the names of four main constituents of air.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon dioxide
(iv) Water vapours.
Question 2.
What are the uses of oxygen present in air?
Answer:
Uses of oxygen:
(i) Animals use oxygen for breathing and respiration.
(ii) Aquatic animals and plants use oxygen for breathing.
(iii) Mountaineers inhale oxygen at heights where air is thin.
(iv) Pure oxygen is used for artificial breathing in hospitals.
(v) Oxygen is used in oxy-acetylene torch for welding and cutting purposes.
(vi) Liquid oxygen is used as rocket fuels.
Question 3.
How can you show that air contains carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Take some lime water in a watch glass and keep it for a few hours in open air. A white crust is formed on the upper surface of the lime water. Lime water turns milky due to the presence of carbon dioxide in the air. This shows that air contains carbon dioxide.
Question 4.
Show that one-fifth volume of air is oxygen.
Answer:
Take a glass trough. Fill it about half with water. Add a few drops of ink to make the water coloured. Fix a candle on a solid iron rectangular block and place the block in water. Take a glass cylinder and mark it into five equal parts by passing a thin strip of paper at equal distance on its outer surface. Light the candle and invert the glass cylinder over it.
The flame of candle starts burning, then becomes and finally stops burning. Coloured water rises up in the glass cylinder and is filled one fifth with water. Thus one fifth of air is used in burning. Hence one fifth volume of air is oxygen.
Question 5.
How will you show that air contains water vapour?
Answer:
Put some ice blocks in a glass tumbler and keep it in the open air. Drops of water appear on the outer surface of glass tumbler after a few minutes. Air in contact with the tumbler gets cooled and the water vapour present in it condenses to give drops of water.
Thus we can see that water is present in air in the form of its vapours.
Question 6.
Explain why air is considered a mixture.
Answer:
Air is considered a mixture because:
(i) The composition of air varies from place to place and at depths and heights.
(ii) The constituents of air such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapours etc. can be separated by simple physical methods.
(iii) The properties of air are the average of its constituents.
(iv) No energy is evolved or absorbed when various components of air (gases) are mixed to obtain air.
Question 7.
Mention five uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of air:
(i) Air is used by humans for respiration.
(ii) Air is necessary for burning.
(iii) Air is used for inflating the tyres of vehicles.
(iv) Balloons and balls can be used only when they are inflated with air.
(v) Compressed air is used in the break system for stopping trains.
Question 8.
How will you show that air is present in a lump of soil?
Answer:
Take a lump of dry soil in a beaker or glass tumbler. Adding water to it, we see that bubbles come out from the soil. This shows that soil contains air.
Question 9.
What will happen if the amount of oxygen in the air is increased?
Answer:
If the amount of oxygen in the air is increased, the burning of thing will not stop and fire will spread into large area which will be dangerous to humans and for the nature.
Question 10.
Why is nitrogen important for living organisms?
Answer:
Nitrogen in air is used for manufacturing food by the nitrogen fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates which mixes with the soil and plants absorb these as their food. So it is necessary and important for living organisms.
Question 11.
How can we see upto a long distance after it rains?
Answer:
When it rains, the dust in the atmosphere settles down to the ground. This is why we can see upto a long distance just after rain.
Question 12.
How do you know that solid particles are floating in air?
Answer:
Choose a sunny room in your home, now close all the doors and windows to make the room dark. Now open the window/door facing the sun just a little in such a way that it allows sunlight to enter the room only through a slit.
Now look the incoming sunlight slants carefully. We see some tiny shining particles moving rapidly in the slanting beam of sunlight. This shows that air contains dust particles.
Question 13.
Describe the process by which oxygen is naturally produced.
Answer:
Oxygen is naturally produced by the process of photosynthesis. Fill a beaker to about 3/4th with pond water and put a small plant in it. Cover it with a funnel. In this beaker now add a pinch of sodium bicarbonate.
Invert a test tube filled with water on the stem of funnel so that air bubbles get in the test tube.
Now put the apparatus in sunlight and observe after sometime. You will see that some gas has been collected in the test tube. Let half the test tube be collected with this gas. Now remove the test tube by putting thumb at the mouth of the test tube. Bring a splinter in the test tube. Splinters burn rapidly which show that it is oxygen gas.
Question 14.
What is liquid air? How can it be made?
Answer:
When air is cooled under reduced pressure, it is convert into liquid form. This air is called liquid air. Air is cooled under reduced air changes into liquid form.
Question 15.
What would happen if plants stop taking carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food with the help of carbon dioxide. They take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and consume all the carbon dioxide released by animals through the process of respiration.
If plants stop taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere and the temperature of atmosphere will increase due to green house effect. Due to this, glacier will melt and there will be flooding on the earth. The nature living organisms will die.
Question 16.
Why do divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them?
Answer:
Divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them because at higher altitude and in oceans, the amount of air/oxygen is very thin. Therefore breathing becomes very difficult.
The divers and mountainears inhale oxygen from these cylinders so that they can breate easily. Therefore, they carry oxygen cylinders with them.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Point out different uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of various constituents of air:
1. Uses of Nitrogen:
(i) It helps to slow down the process of combustion.
(ii) It dilutes the concentration of air.
(iii) On a very large scale nitrogen is used for the manufacturer of ammonia, which is used to make fertilizers and nitric acid.
(iv) Due to inertness nitrogen is used to produce a blanketing atmosphere during the processing of food to prevent oxidation which causes food to spoil and affects the natural taste.
(v) Nitrogen is used with argon for filling electric lamps.
(vi) Nitrogen is used for making explosive such as TNT and nitro cellulose.
2. Uses of Oxygen:
(i) Without oxygen, animal life is not possible. It is used for breathing and respiration.
(ii) Mountaineers inhale oxygen at heights, where oxygen is thin, from the cylinders they carry on their backs.
(iii) Fish and other aquatic animals use dissolved oxygen for breathing and respiration.
(iv) It is used in hospitals in many diseases for artificial respiration.
(v) Oxygen with acetylene is used as oxy- acetylene torch as welding and cuttings.
(vi) Liquid oxygen is used as rocket fuels.
3. Uses of Carbon dioxide:
(i) Carbon dioxide is used by plants for making their food.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers.
(iii) It is used in soft drinks such as campa and limca.
(iv) Alcoholic beverages such as bear contains carbon dioxide.
4. Uses of Inert gases:
(i) Inert gas argon is filled in bulbs for the protection of filament of the bulb.
(ii) Helium is used to obtain low temperature.
(iii) Neon is used in special electric bulbs called neon-signs.
(iv) Radon gas is used in the treatment of cancer.
Instead of is used in inflating vehicle tyres, such as cars, scooters and motor-cycles. It is used in compressed form for digging, mining and breaking stones in machines. It is used in drying process for agricultural products such as grains, pulses etc. Air current makes the wind-mill to rotate. Wind-mill is used to draw water from the wells and tube-wells. Air is used for sailing gliders and aircrafts. It also helps in dispersal of seeds.
Air around us Class 6 HBSE Notes
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Exercises
Question 1.
Fill up the blanks in the following:
(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ……………. .
(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………… .
(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ………….. in that region.
(d) Excessive rain may cause …………. .
Answer:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Condensation
(c) Drought
(d) Flood.
Question 2.
State for each of the following whether it is due to evaporation or condensation.
(a) Water drops appear on the outer surface of a glass containing cold water.
(b) Steam rising from wet clothes while they are ironed.
(c) Fog appearing on a cold winter morning.
(d) Black board dries up after wiping it.
(e) Steam rising from a hot girdle when water is sprinkled on it.
Answer:
(a) Condensation
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) Evaporation
(e) Evaporation.
Question 3.
Which of the following statements are “true”?
(a) Water vapour is present in air only during the monsoon.
(b) Water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers, and lakes but not from the soil. water level would lower down. It will result into drought.
(c) The process of water changing into its vapours, is ailed evaporation.
(d) The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight.
(e) Water vapour condenses to form tiny droplets of water in the upper layers of air where it is cooler.
Answer:
(c) True
(d) True
(e) True.
Question 4.
Suppose you want to dry your school uniform quickly. Would spreading it near an anghiti or heater help? If yes, how?
Answer:
Yes, if we want to dry our school uniform quickly, we should spread our clothes near a anghiti or heater. Because near anghithi or heater, temperature is more, which helps water evaporation from the clothes and they dry quickly.
Question 5.
Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table. After some time you notice a puddle of water around it. Why?
Answer:
When we keep a bottle of water taking out from refrigerator we notice some puddles of water around it. This is because the water-vapour near the surrounding atmosphere, condenses and deposites around the cooled water bottle. Water vapour always remains in the atmosphere.
Question 6.
To clean their spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them wet. Explain why the glasses beomes wet?
Answer:
When we breathe on the spectacles, water vapours comes out from our breathe, and they condenses into water droplets when they come in contact of glass, because the glasses are cooler than the water vapours. So the glasses becomes wet, due to water puddles.
Question 7.
How does clouds formed?
Answer:
The water vapours that goes into air rises up along with air. As the air moves up, it gets cooler and cooler. At sufficient heights, air becomes so cool that the water vapour present in it condenses to form tiny drops of water called droplets. These droplets are very small, much smaller than even a grain of sand. These droplets are so small that lakhs of them together would form a drop of water.
These tiny droplets remain suspended in the air and moves along with it. When these water droplets in the air come closers they may combine to form slightly bigger droplets. In this way their sizes may become larger. Once the size of the droplets become larger than a definite size, they appear to us as clouds.
Question 8.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If it does not rain in a region for a year or more. The soil continues to lose water by evaporation and transpiration. Since it is not being brought back by rain, the soil becomes dry. The water level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up. The ground water may also become scarce. This may lead to drought.
HBSE 6th Class Science Water Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Define the term ‘cycle’.
Answer:
It is an event or phenomenon which repeats itself after sometime.
Question 2.
Name some activities in our daily life where we use water.
Answer:
We use water in our daily life in various activities such as: drinking, bathing and washing of clothes.
Question 3.
What is the main source of water?
Answer:
Oceans are the main source of water.
Question 4.
Define the term ‘evaporation’.
Answer:
The process of changing water from its liquid form to its vapour is known as evaporation.
Question 5.
Is evaporation a slow process or fast process?
Answer:
Evaporation is a slow process.
Question 6.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Plants lost their excess water through their leaves into the air in the vapour form. This process is called transpiration.
Question 7.
Name two processes through which water vapour add conti-nuously into the air.
Answer:
The two processes are:
(i) Evaporation
(ii) Condensation.
Question 8.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapours into liquid form of water is called ; condensation.
Question 9.
What is fog?
Answer:
The fog in winter is due to condensation of water vapour in air near the , surface of the earth.
Question 10.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
When water drops come together in the air becomes heavy and begin to fall, Falling of water drops is called precipitation.
Question 11.
How is snow or hails formed?
Answer:
When water droplets freeze in the air and begin to fall is called hails or snow.
Question 12.
Define water cycle.
Answer:
The water in its vapour form goes to air by evaporation and transpiration forms cloud and then comes back to the surface of the earth through the process of condensation and precipitation. This process is called water cycle.
Question 13.
Name three states of water.
Answer:
The three states of water are:
(i) liquid
(ii) solid
(iii) gaseous state.
Question 14.
What is the importance of convertibility of water from one state to another state?
Answer:
The easy convertibility of water from one state to another state makes its availability in all parts of the earth and throughout the year.
Question 15.
What is the percentage of water that is available for our use?
Answer:
Only a tiny fraction about 0.01% of total water is used by human beings.
Question 16.
What would happen if we do not water plants?
Answer:
Water is essential for plants for their food preparation. So the plants will die without water.
Question 17.
List two sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
(i) Underground water
(ii) surface water.
Question 18.
Where do we get water for our daily use?
Answer:
We get water from well, rivers and ponds.
Question 19.
During melting of ice, the temperature of the system changes/remains unchanged.
Answer:
Remains unchanged.
Question 20.
List the sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
Sources of water on the earth are: Rivers, ponds, lakes, well, spring and rain water.
Question 21.
Write the chemical formula of water.
Answer:
H2O.
Question 22.
Name two sources of natural water.
Answer:
(i) River water
(ii) Lake water.
Question 23.
Name two solid forms of water.
Answer:
Snow, hails and frost.
Question 24.
Name universal solvent.
Answer:
Water is a universal solvent.
Question 25.
What is saline water?
Answer:
A sample of water contains more than 2% dissolved salts are called saline water.
Question 26.
Name the process by which saline water is made potable.
Answer:
Desalination process.
Question 27.
What do we use water for?
Answer:
We use water for drinking, bathing and cleaning purposes.
Question 28.
Give two uses of water in your home.
Answer:
(i) Cooking of food
(ii) Cleaning of utensils.
Question 29.
What is the use of water in agriculture?
Answer:
In agriculture, water is required to produce grains.
Question 30.
From where do we get fresh water supply?
Answer:
The ultimate source of fresh water supply is oceans.
Question 31.
Who supplies water to lakes and ponds?
Answer:
Oceans supply water to lakes and ponds.
Question 32.
What will happen if we do not water the plants in the pot?
Answer:
Water is essential for plants, for the preparation of their food. Without water, the plants will die.
Question 33.
List the sources of water for your daily use.
Answer:
We get water for daily use from wells, lakes, rivers, ponds and streams.
Question 34.
List the sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
Sources of water on the earth are: Rivers, lakes, ponds, well, spring, sea water, rain water and ocean water.
Question 35.
List the salts that can be obtained from the sea.
Answer:
Common salt, sodium bromide, magnesium chloride and potassium iodide.
Question 36.
Explain the term ‘salinity’.
Answer:
The rain water dissolves large amounts of salts, and it becomes salty. This is called salinity of water.
Question 37.
Write two uses of water in plants.
Answer:
(i) They use water in photosynthesis.
(ii) Water is essential for germination of seeds.
Question 38.
Name two sources of natural water.
Answer:
River water, lake water and stream water.
Question 39.
Name two solid states of water.
Answer:
(i) Snow
(ii) Ice
(iii) Frost.
Question 40.
What is saline water?
Answer:
A sample of natural water which contains more than 2% of dissolved salts, especially common salt is called saline water.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How do fish and aquatic plants survive in water?
Answer:
Fish and aquatic plants needs oxygen to survive. Oxygen is slightly soluble in water. They get this dissolved oxygen for their survival.
Question 2.
How are clouds formed?
Answer:
Water vapours being lighter, rise up in the atmosphere. At the upper layer, they are condensed into tiny water droplets and form clouds. These clouds while falling down cause rains.
Question 3.
Give four physical properties of water.
Answer:
Physical properties of water:
1. It is a colourless liquid.
2. It freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
3. Bad conductor of electricity.
4. It has a maximum density ofll cm3 at 4°C.
Question 4.
Define water cycle.
Answer:
Evaporation of water from oceans, ponds, rivers and lakes and from roads and streets to form cloud by condensation at higher altitude. When clouds rain, the rain water flows into the seas and oceans through rivers and streams. Some water percolates into the soil to form underground water. It comes again out in the form of spring and well. This is called water cycle.
Question 5.
Water is called a universal solvent. Give reasons.
Answer:
Water is called universal solvent because it dissolves any things in it. Many things dissolve in water as the time passes. So it is called universal solvent.
Question 6.
State different uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water:
(i) We use water for drinking, bathing, cooking and cleaning of clothes.
(ii) Water is used in agriculture to produce food.
(iii) It is used in industries for carrying out various activities.
(iv) It is used for making electricity from flowing water.
(v) In thermal power stations, water is used to rotate generators through steam to produce electricity.
(vi) In railways, it is used to move railway engines. In factories, it is used in boilers to produce hot water and steam for running machines.
Question 7.
What are the different sources of water?
Answer:
Different sources of water are:
(i) Oceans
(ii) Seawater
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Lakes
(v) Streams
(vi) Well and dam water.
Question 8.
Write importance of water for sustaining life.
Answer:
Importance of water:
(i) Water is used by the organisms to transport soluble food materials to the cells.
(ii) It carries waste materials produced within the cells which are excreted out by the living beings.
(iii) It carries oxygenated red bloods to cells and tissues ofliving beings and brings back carbon dioxide produced during respiration and excreted out from the body.
(iv) Plants use enormous water during photosynthesis.
(v) It maintains body temperature.
(vi) Water is essential for germination of seeds.
Question 9.
How does rain water become saline?
Answer:
Water is a universal solvent, because it dissolves a large number of substances. When rain falls, it dissolves common salts and many other substances and minerals present on the earth. The rain water passes through different layers of earth, rocks, dissolves large amount of salt and other minerals. Thus it becomes salty.
Question 10.
How will you show the presence of water in air? .
Answer:
Take some pieces of ice in a beaker and keep it for sometime. After some time, we will observe that small water drops are formed on the cold outer surface wall of the beaker. These water drops are formed by the condensation of those water vapours which were present in air around beaker. This shows that water is present in air.
Question 11.
What are natural calamities?
Answer:
The conditions of floodings and drought ai’e called natural calamities.
Question 12.
What are the factors responsible for flooding?
Answer:
There are many factors for flooding like intensity and duration of rainfall, soil condition and presence of plants or trees on the grounds.
Question 13.
Give some uses of water in our houses.
Answer:
We use water in our houses for “many purposes; we need it for drinking, bathing, washing our clothes. We also use water for cooking, cleaning of utensils, watering of plants and other everyday activities.
Question 14.
How is water essential for plants?
Answer:
Water is essential for agriculture to produce grains; It is also required for growing plants that gives us fibres of cotton and jute. Water is required for the growth and in the process of photosynthesis for preparing their food. Germination of seeds requires water.
Question 15.
Who supplies water to rivers, lakes, ponds and wells?
Answer:
Oceans and seas are major sources of water on the earth. The water cycle fully depends upon oceans and seas. Rain is possible only due to water cycle and supplies water to rivers and ponds etc. Indirectly, ocean supplies water to these resources.
Question 16.
Define ground water.
Answer:
‘The ground water is actually rain water which mainly comes from seepage of water accumulated under the ground. Rain water percolates into the soil and reaches under the ground where water quantity increases and air decreases. This reserve water under the ground is called ground water.
Question 17.
We should use ground water judiciously. Why?
Answer:
If large quantity of ground water is taken out for various purposes, the water level goes down. Thus there will be shortage of water and it is not possible if we continuously use this water. So we should use ground water very carefully.
Question 18.
How are lakes and ponds formed?
Answer:
Lakes and ponds are small reservoirs of water. These are created by collection of rain water in low lying areas. Seepage from the ground water reserves also adds to the water in lakes and ponds.
Question 19.
What will happen if there is no rain at all?
Answer:
Rain is an important source of natural water. If there is no rain, the soil will lose its water by evaporation and become dry. Water will also be lost through transpiration process of plants. Rivers, ponds and wells will dry and the water level would lower down. All this will affect animals, humans and wild plants. If it continues for one or tw o years in continuation, it results into drought.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you mean by water cycle in nature?
Answer:
Water constantly moves from the earth to the air and back again. The constant circulation of water is known as the water cycle.
The water in seas, rivers, lakes, ponds „r streams evaporates because of the heat of the sun. Plants also give out large amounts of water from their leaves. The water vapour rises up. The air higher’ up in the atmosphere is cooler. This cools the water vapour and it condenses to form tiny drops of water on dust particles. These drops of water together form clouds. As the clouds get cooled further, the water drops become bigger and heavier. When they become too heavy, they fall to the earth as rain.
The rain water enters the seas, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams and then evaporates again. Thus the water cycle in nature goes on.
Question 2.
How can we conserve the precious water?
Answer:
Water can be conserved by the following methods:
(i) We should use water very judiciously.
(ii) We should not waste water during its consumption.
(iii) We should not use drinking water in garden for watering plants.
(iv) We should not throw waste products into water resources.
(v) Water is used through pipes and spraying in agriculture.
(vi) Industrial wastes and effluents should not be released into rivers.
(vii) Ground water should be used when necessary. Leakage of taps should be stopped. In this way, we conserve water.
Water Class 6 HBSE Notes
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
HBSE 6th Class Science Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the following:
(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as ………… and ………… .
(ii) The materials which are attracted towards magnet are called ………… .
(iii) ………… is not a magnetic material.
(iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction suspending a piece of ………… .
(v) A magnet always has ………… poles.
Answer:
(i) bar magnet, horse-shoe magnet and round, shaped magnet
(ii) magnetic materials
(iii) leather
(iv) suspended magnet.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.
(ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
(iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.
(iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnets when it is brought near them.
(v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction.
(vi) A compass can be used to find East-West directions at any place.
(vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) False
(vii) False.
Question 3.
It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet, although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
Answer:
A pencil sharpner is made up of iron metals-which is attracted towards the magnet. To some parts of it are made of iron/cobalt; which are magnetic materials.
Question 4. Column I show different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed ner that of the other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks:
| Column I | Column II |
| N—N | ……….. |
| N—S | Attraction |
| S—N | ……….. |
| S—S | Repulsion |
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| N—N | Repulsion |
| N—S | Attraction |
| S—N | Attraction |
| S—S | Repulsion |
Question 5.
Write any two properties of a magnet.
Answer:
Properties of a magnet:
1. A magnet attracts magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt and nickel towards it.
2. When a magnet is suspended freely, it stands always in North-South direction.
3. Magnetic influence can pass through a screen of cloth, plastic and papers.
Question 6.
Where are poles of a bar magnet located?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always:omes to rest in one direction i.e., North-South direction.
The end pint of themagnet pointing towards north is called north pole and end pointing towards south is called south pole. Thus we an see that a magnet has two poles:
(i) North-pole
(ii) South-pole.
North and South poles are marked on the magnet.
Question 7.
A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its pole. How would you find out near which end is its north pole located?
Answer:
We take a bar m agnet and tied it with a thread in the middle. Now it is suspended freely tied the thread in a stand. We find that bar magnets stay in North-South directions.
The pole which is towards north is called north pole of the bar magnet. Thus we can find the poles of a magnet.
Question 8.
You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?
Answer:
Method of making an iron strip , a magnet: Take the iron strip and place it on the table. Strike it with one pole of a bar magnet in one direction. When you reach the other end of the iron stick, leave the magnet and bring the same pole back to the starting end of the iron stick. Strike again in the same direction. Repeat this process about 30-40 times. Check whether the iron piece has now become a magnet. If not, continue the process for some more time. Remember that the pole and the direction of the magnet is not to be changed. In this way, an iron stick can be converted into a magnet. (See Fig. 13.3.)
Question 9.
How is a compass used to find directions?
Answer:
A compass is made on the property of a magnet, staying in north-south direction. This is a small glass case containing a magnetised needle pivoted on a nail. The needle can rotate freely. Whenever it is kept, its needle always rests in north-south direction, (See Fig. 13.4.)
Normally the north pole of the needle is painted red or some other indication is given to identify north and south poles. So using this needle, north and south can be identified.
Question 10.
A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in water in a tub. Affect observed in each case is stated in column I. Possible reasons for the observed affects are mentioned in column II. Match the statements given in column I with those in column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (A) Boat gets attracted towards magnet. | (a) Boat is fitted with a magnet with north pole toward its head |
| (B) Boat is’not affected by the magnet. | (b) Boat is fitted.with a magnet with south pole towards its head |
| (C) Boat moves towards the magnet if | (c) Boat has a small megnet fixed along its north pole of the magnet is brought length. near its head. |
| (D) Boat moves away from the magnet when north pole is brought near its boat. | (d) Boat is made of magnetic material. |
| (E) Boat floats without changing its attraction. | (e) Boat is made up non-magnetic material. |
Answer:
(A)-(d).
(B)—(c).
(C)—(b)
(D)—(a),
(E)—e).
HBSE 6th Class Science Fun with Magnets Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name two places where magnets are used in your daily life.
Answer:
(1) Refrigerators
(2) Small pencil box.
Question 2.
Why do chess pieces stick to metallic card board?
Answer:
Because chess pieces are fitted with magnets.
Question 3.
What was the name of Greek shephered?
Answer:
His name was Magnes.
Question 4.
Magnetic ludo is not displaced with movement of vehicle. Why?
Answer:
Because the ludo is fitted with magnet.
Question 5.
From what materials magnets are made of?
Answer:
Magnets are made of from magnetic materials. .
Question 6.
Name two magnetic materials.
Answer:
(i) Iron
(ii) Cobalt.
Question 7.
Which, from the following objects, are attracted towards magnet?
Iron ball, plastic scale, wood stick, glass strip, pins.
Answer:
Iron ball and pins are attracted towards magnet.
Question 8.
What are non-magnetic materials?
Answer:
Materials which do not attract towards magnets are called non-magnetic materials.
Question 9.
Name some non-magnetic materials.
Answer:
Leather, plastic, cloth and paper etc.
Question 10.
What is a magnet?
Answer:
A magnet is an object which attracts pieces of iron, cobalt and nickel.
Question 11.
What happens when the north pole of a magnet ip brought near the north pole of a freely suspended magnet?
Answer:
They repel each other.
Question 12.
What happens when the north pole of a magnet is brought near the south pole of a freely suspended magnet?
Answer:
They attract each other
Question 18.
Can we have an isolated north pole or south pole?
Answer:
We cannot have an isolated north pole or south pole. They always exist in opposite direction.
Question 14.
Which iron is used for making a permanent magnet?
Answer:
Hard steel and alloys.
Question 15.
Which iron is used for making a temporary magnet?
Answer:
Soft iron.
Question 16.
Why are artificial magnets preferred to natural magnets?
Answer:
Artificial magnets are very strong in comparison with natural magnets.
Question 17.
In which direction does a freely suspended bar magnet come to rest?
Answer:
North-South direction.
Question 18.
Why does a magnetic needle get deflected when placed near a current carrying conductor?
Answer:
Due to magnetic field produced by current.
Question 19.
A bar magnet attracts iron fillings more strongly at two ends. What are these ends points called?
Answer:
These end points of the bar magnet are called its poles.
Question 20.
Name two devices where electromagnets are used?
Answer:
Electric bell and loud-speaker.
Question 21.
What type of magnet is used in an electric bell?
Answer:
U-shaped magnet is used in an electric bell.
Question 22.
What is the instrument in which directive property of a magnet is used?
Answer:
Mariner’s compass.
Question 23.
What is a temporary magnet?
Answer:
A magnet which retains its properties of magnet for a short time period is called temporary magnet.
Question 24.
How is a magnet demagnetised?
Answer:
(i) By heating
(ii) by hammering the magnet violently.
Question 25.
Two like poles of magnets are brought near each other. Will they attract or repel each other?
Answer:
They will repel each other.
Question 26.
What is a natural magnet?
Answer:
A natural magnet is a naturally occuring ore of iron which has attractive and directive property.
Question 27.
Can we have a magnet with a single pole?
Answer:
No, because unlike poles of equal strength exist together.
Question 28.
What is a sure test of magnetism?
Answer:
Repulsion is a sure test of magnetb.m.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the difference between a temporary magnet and a permanent magnet?
Answer:
| Temporary magnet | Permanent magnet |
| 1.It loses its magnetic power as soon as the source of magnetism removed. | 1. It remains magnet even after the source of magnetism is removed. |
| 2. It is made from soft iron. | 2. It is made from steel. |
| 3. In it the domain point in the same direction only for short time interval. | 3. In it the domains point in the same direction permanently. |
Question 2.
Give two applications of electromagnets.
Answer:
(i) They are used in cranes to lift heavy loads of scrap iron and iron sheets.
(ii) They are used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances.
Question 3.
What are the properties of a magnet?
Answer:
There are two main properties of a magnet:
(i) Attractive property.
(ii) Directive property.
Question 4.
Define attractive and directive property of a magnet.
Answer:
(i) Directive property: On suspanding a bar magnet freely with a thread we find that at rest it always points towards north- south direction.
(ii) Attractive property: Magnet has the property to attract iron, cobalt and nickel towards it. These substances are called magnetic substances.
Question 5.
How will you distinguish two identical bars of iron as a permanent magnet and an ordinary piece of iron?
Answer:
To identify the real magnet bring a third magnet near each end of the identical bars. In case of ordinary bar, both its end should be attracted towards magnet. But in case of a permanent magnet, one of its ends would be repelled.
Question 6.
What is the difference between the magnetic properties of soft iron and steel?
Answer:
| Magnetic properties of soft iron | Magnetic properties of steel |
| 1. It gets strongly magnetised when magnetised by induction, | 1. Steel is feebly magnetised when magnetised by induction. |
| 2. Soft iron can be demagnetised very easily, hence electromagnets are made of soft iron. | 2. Steel cannot be demagnetised easily, hence permanent magnets are always made of steels. |
Question 7.
Explain that induction precedes attraction.
Answer:
When iron piece is brought near a magnet, the iron is first temporarily magnetised by induction. Thus being two opposite poles, there is attraction. The iron piece first converts into a magnet having opposite poles, near its magnetised pole. Thus induction precedes attraction.
Question 8.
What is the difference between an electromagnet and a magnet?
Answer:
A magnet is a natural magnet with fixed magnetic effects. It is obtained from nature in the form of mineral. An electromagnet is a soft iron piece which shows magnetic effects only when eletric current is passed through it. Its magnetic effects can be increased or decreased by increasing electric current through conducting wire round the core.
Question 9.
What is a magnetic compass? What are its uses?
Answer:
A magnetic compass is a device which has a magnetic needle which is free to move on a pivot at the centre of a round box. It is used by sailors and navigators to find the directions. The compass needle is free to rotate and aligns in the north-south direction. Its free end that points north is marked red. (See Fig. 13.4.).
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is a compass? Describe the construction of a compass with the help of a labelled sketch. How is a compass used to find directions?
Answer:
The compass is an instrument to find the directions of a place. The compass has a tiny magnet in the form of a needle which can rotate freely on a pivot (or pin). The pivoted magnetic needle of the compass is enclosed in a small brass box having a glass top. The compass has a circular dial with various directions marked on it. The needle of compass always conies to rest along the north-south directions. The north pole of compass needle is painted with different colour to distinguish it from the south pole.
In order to find the directions at a place, the compass is kept on a flat surface at that place. The needle of compass will soon come to rest along the north-south direction. The compass is then rotated until the painted end of needle is towards N (North) mark on the dial and the other end of needle is towards S (South) mark on the dial. We can now find any direction by looking at the dial of the compass.
Fun with Magnets Class 6 HBSE Notes
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Separation of Substances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
HBSE 6th Class Science Separation of Substances Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises
Question 1.
Why do we need to separate different substances present in a mixture? Give two examples.
Answer:
We need to separate different substances present in a mixture due to the following purposes:
Examples:
Question 2.
What is winnowing? Where is it used?
Answer:
The process of separating lighter and heavier particles from a mixture is called winnowing. In this process/method heavier particles of grains are separated from lighter particles of husk. The husk particles are carried away by wind and separate heap away from that of the heavier particles of grains of wheat is formed. This method is used by farmers in fields as well as at a flour mill (atta chakki).
Question 3.
How will you separate husk or dirt particles from pulses before cooking?
Answer:
The husk particles or dust particles are separated from pulses by the method of hand picking. Since the undesired particles are present in small quantities and the total amount of pulses to be separated is generally not very- very large. So they are separated by hand picking before cooking the pulses.
Question 4.
What is sieving? Where it is used?
Answer:
Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different size. The undesirable particles in the form of husk remain on the seive and fine particles of flour pass through the holes of the sieve. Sieving flour before consuming is not a good practice, because during sieving husk remains on the seive, which provides us roughage which is useful for our body.
Question 5.
How will you seperate sand and water from their mixture?
Answer:
A mixture of sand and water can be separated by decantation method. Take a glass tumbler half filled with the given sample of water. Stir the water thoroughly. Now keep the tumbler undisturbed for sometime. We must see that sand being heavier than water has settled down at the bottom of the tumbler. This process is sedimentation. Now pour the. clear water into another tumbler, without disturbing the layer of sand and with the help of a glass rod. This process is decantation. In this way, mixture of sand and water can be separated.
Question 6.
Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it?
Answer:
Yes, it is possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour. The mixture of sugar & wheat flour can be separated by sieving. The wheat fine particles separates by strainer and sugar particles being bigger in size remains on the strainer. Thus sugar can be separated from the mixture of sugar and wheat flour.
Question 7.
How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
Answer:
We can separate clear water from muddy water by loading process. Take a beaker half filled with muddy water and take a piece of alum. Tie the alum piece by a cotton thread.
Now dip the alum in water and move it slowly in a circular path for about one minute. Remove the alum and keep the beaker undisturbed for a few minutes. We find that dust particles that are responsible for making the water muddy settle down readily. Alum dissolves in water very easily. The fine dust particles get loaded and become heavier and settle down at the bottom of the beaker. The clear water may be decanted. This activity combines two methods loading and decantation.
Question 8.
Fill up the blanks :
(a) The method, of separating seeds of paddy from its stalk is called ________.
(b) When milk is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream(malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of ________.
(c) Salt is obtained from sea water by the process of ________.
(d) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept over night in a bucket. The clear water was then poured of from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called ________
Answer:
(a) Winnowing
(b) filtration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Decantation.
Question 9.
True or False?
(a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
(b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the proces of winnowing.
(c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
(d) Grain and husk can be separated with ‘ the process of decantation.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d)True.
Question 10.
Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish j to ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after dissolving sugar? In which cash would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?
Answer:
We should add ice in lemonade after dissolving sugar in it, because sugar dissolve more before adding ice. It would be possible to dissolve more sugar before adding ice in the lemonade, because it dissolve more into hot than in cold.
HBSE 6th Class Science Separation of Substances Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is a pure substance?
Answer:
A pure substance is one that consists of a single element or compound.
Question 2.
How will you separate a mixture of iron fillings and sulphur powder?
Answer:
The mixture can be separated by using a magnet. The iron fillings are picked out by the magnet and sulphur powder remains behind.
Question 3.
Name the method used to separate butter from milk.
Answer:
Centrifugation/churning method.
Question 4.
Name two materials used as filters.
Answer:
Question 5.
Which method will you use to separate blue vitriol (Neela thotha) from its solution?
Answer:
Crystalization method.
Question 6.
What is meant by the term ‘mixture’?
Answer:
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more elements or compounds, physically mixed in any ratio.
Question 7.
Give three examples of mixture.
Answer:
Tea, milk and air.
Question 8.
Write two properties of mixtures.
Answer:
Question 9.
Name the process of obtaining ; iron from waste materials.
Answer:
Magnetic separation.
Question 10.
How can you obtain distilled water?
Answer:
By distillation process.
Question 11.
Name the process to separate two immiscible liquids.
Answer:
Decantation process by separating funnel.
Question 12.
Name a gaseous mixture.
Answer:
Air.
Question 13.
Name three mixtures found in nature.
Answer:
Question 14.
What is winnowing?
Answer:
It is the process of separation of grains from husk and hay with the help of wind.
Question 15.
What is centrifugation?
Answer:
It is a method of separating suspended solid particles from a liquid.
Question 16.
Name the method of separating two immiscible liquids.
Answer:
Decantation or By separating funnel.
Question 17.
What is sublimation?
Answer:
It is a process in which a solid gets converted into its gaseous state.
Question 18.
What is loading?
Answer:
The process of setling down solid particles quickly.
Question 19.
What is churning?
Answer:
Churning is a method of making butter.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is a mixture? Give two examples.
Answer:
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more elements or compounds, when physically mixed in any ratio.
(i) Gun powder (ii) Salt in water.
Question 2.
How will you prepare a big crystal of sugar from powdered sugar?
Answer:
Prepare sugar solution in hot water and allow it to cool. Filter the solution. Now hang a crystal of sugar with the help of a thread and a glass rod leave the solution undisturbed for four days. Now we see that crystals slowly begin to grow on the crystal.
Question 3.
How is common salt obtained from sea water?
Answer:
Sea water is run into shadow ponds and allowed to evaporate to dryness in hot sun. Water evaporates and solid common salt is left behind. The salt is then collected in heaps.
Question 4.
How will you separate a mixture of sulphur in water?
Answer:
Take the mixture of water and sulphur in a beaker. Pour the mixture on the filter paper with the help of a glass rod so that the liquid stands below the edge of the cone. The residue that remains on the filter paper is sulphur. Now dry it to get sulphur and water is collected in beaker.
Question 5.
How will you separate a mixture of naphthalene and salt?
Answer:
Naphthalene and salt mixture can be separated by the process of sublimation. Naphthalene sublimates and is collected on inverted keep and salt remains behind in the dish.
Question 6.
What do you mean by decantation? What are its uses?
Answer:
Decantation is a process by which we can remove a liquid without disturbing the solid settled down in the bottom.
Uses: This method can be used to separate a mixture of
Question 7.
How will you separate a mixture of water and kerosene oil?
Answer:
Mixture of kerosene oil and water can be separated by using separating funnel. Take the mixture in separating funnel and allow it to stand for some time. After sometime, two different layers form. Kerosene oil being lighter forms upper layer and water forms lower layer. By opening the stop cock, we obtain water and kerosene remains on the funnel.
Question 8.
What do you mean by distillation? How can you separate a mixture of alcohol and water?
Answer:
Distillation is the process in which liquid is heated to get vapours and then cooling the various to get back liquids. It is used to separate a mixture the components of which have different boiling points.
The mixture of alcohol and water is taken in a round bottom flask. Alcohol boiling point 80°C, evaporates first on heating as compared to water with boiling point 100°C. Now alcohol vapours are condensed by cooling in a separate container. It gets converted back to alcohol liquid and water remains in flask.
Question 9.
How will you separate a mixture of iron dust and sulphur powder?
Answer:
A mixture of iron dust and sulphur can be separated by the magnetic separation method. Iron dust is attracted towards the magnet and separated in a container and sulphur remains behind in the container.
Question 10.
How will you separate a mixture of iodine and sand?
Answer:
A mixture of iodine and sand can be separated by sublimation. The mixture is taken into a china dish and covered with inverted funnel. A cotton plug prevents the vapours from escaping into atmosphere. On heating, iodine sublime and collected on the cool inner surface of funnel. Sand is left behind in the disc.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How will you separate a mixture of iron fillings, common salt, sand and sulphur?
Answer:
Iron fillings are separated from the mixture by using a magnet. The remaining mixture of salt,-sand and sulphur is stirred with water when salt is dissolved in it. On filtration salt solution is obtained as a filtrate and the residue contains sand and sulphur.
Sand and sulphur mixture is shaken with carbon disulphide, when sulphur dissolves in it but sand remains undissolved. On filtration, sand is obtained as residue and sulphur as filtrate. On evaporating the filtrate carbon disulphide is removed and sulphur is obtained.
Question 2.
How you will purify common salt obtained from sea water?
Answer:
The lumps of impure common salt obtained from sea water, are crushed to get powdered salt. The powdered common salt is dissolved in water to prepare a solution. The solution of common salt is filtered to remove insoluble impurities.
The clear solution of common salt is evaporated by heating to remove some of the water to obtain a concentrated solution. The hot concentrated solution of common salt is allowed to cool. On cooling, the hot solution crystallises and crystals of pure common salt are obtained.
Separation of Substances Class 6 HBSE Note
1. We use some materials like sugar, common salt, water, milk as such in our daily life. In many materials, we have to separate the useful components from the unwanted or sometimes harmful components before we can use them. For example we peel off the skins of mangoes and bananas before using them.
2. Pure substances : A pure substance is one that consists of a single element or compound. All its constituents have similar properties. Examples are copper, iron, water, common salt, sugar etc.
3. Mixtures : A mixture contains two or more types of constituents which are present in any ratio. For example, air around us contains many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and dust particles. Thus air is a mixture. Sea water, pond and river water are also mixtures. Gun powder and brass are other examples of mixtures.
4. Need for separation : We know that a mixture contains two or more components. We want to be very sure about the purity of the food we take in. Even the water we drink should be pure. We can say that we carry out the separation of substances with the following purposes:
5. Principle of separation : Different materials have different properties and we can use these property differences to separate mixtures. The components of a mixture can be separated by one method or by a combination of various methods.
6. Method of separation : Often, in mixtures, we are able to see the different components present. There are several methods used for separating the constituents of a mixture. The choice of the method used depends upon the nature or the properties of the constituents. Some common methods for the separation of the components of a mixture are as follows :
7. Hand Picking: This method is use for separating small particles of dust, stone, husk etc. from the grains of wheat, rice and pulses etc. Since these unwanted components are present in small quantities and total amount of grains to be separated is not very-very large, so they are separated by hand picking.
8. Sieving: Sieving of wheat flour (atta) is a common practice. Sieving a wheat flour through a sieve allows fine particles of the flour to pass through the holes of the sieve while the bigger husk particles remain on the sieve.
Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different sizes. Sand can be separated from stone by seiving.
9. Winnowing : This method of separation is commonly used to separate lighter particles from heavier grains of wheat.
In this method, the wheat grains containing husk are allowed to fall down from some height while the wind is blowing. Since husk is lighter than grains, it gets carried away by wind and heaps of grains and husk are formed separately.
10. Sedimentation and decantation : This method of separation is used for a mixture consisting of an insoluble solid and a liquid. The process of settling down of heavier insoluble particles in a mixture of water and insoluble substances is called sedimentation (Fig 5.5). The process of transferring the clear liquid (after sedimentation) without disturbing the sedimentation insoluble heavy particles is called decantation. Fig. 5.5. (6).
Decantation can also be used for separating two immiscible liquids such as oil and mixture. Oil and water do not mix with each other and form separate layers. They can also be separated by using separating funnel.
11. Loading : In rainy season we get muddy water from wells, taps or other sources of drinking water. This muddy water can be made clear by loading. If a piece of alum, tied
with a thread, is swirrled in such a water, then after some time the water becomes clear on standing. (Fig 5.7) The water becomes clear because the mud particles get loaded by the alum particles and become heavy and settle down at the bottom of the container and water can be decanted for further use.
12. Filtration : Filtration is used to separate solid impurities from a liquid. In our homes, tea is filtered to separate tea leaves and shikanji (lemo-nade) is filtered to separate the seeds of the lemon.
13. Evaporation : The process of separating any salt from its solution by removing water is called evaporation. This process is largely used to obtain common salt from sea water. When sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water slowly turns into water vapours by absorbing the heat of the sun, leaving behind solid salt.
14. Magnetic separation : This process of separation is used when one of the components in the mixture is iron. For example a mixture of iron fillings and sand can 5.10. “Magnetic, separation”
be separated by moving a magnet in the mixture. The Magnet picks out only iron fillings from the sand. This process is called magnetic separation (Fig 5.10)
15. Churning: This process is used to separate cream from milk. When milk is churned for some time, the lighter cream particles float on its surface from where they can be separated. Churning can be done by hand or by using a mixi. (Fig 5.11.)
16. When one method of separation is not sufficient to separate the different substances present in a mixture, we use more than one methods. (See Fig 5.13) For example if we have a mixture of salt, water and sand and we want to separate all the three substances, we use two methods-decantation and evaporation.
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Sorting Materials Into Groups Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
HBSE 6th Class Science Sorting Materials Into Groups Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises
Question 1.
Name five objects which can be made from wood.
Answer:
Objects which can be made from wood are:
Question 2.
Select those objects from the following which shine :
Glass bowl, plastic toy, steel spoon, cotton shirt.
Answer:
Glass bowl, steel spoon.
Question 3.
Match the following things with the materials from which they are made :
| Things | Materials |
| (i) Book | Glass |
| (ii) Tumbler | Wood |
| (iii) Chair | Paper |
| (iv) Toy | Leather |
| (v) Shoes | Plastic. |
Answer:
(i) paper
(ii) glass
(iii) wood
(iv) plastics
(v) leather.
Question 4.
State whether the statements given below are true or false :
(i) Stone is transparent, while glass is opaque.
(ii) A note book has lustre while eraser does not.
(iii) Chalk dissolves in water.
(iv) A piece of wood floats on water.
(v) Sugar does not dissolve in water.
(vi) Oil mixes with water.
(vii) Sand settles down in water.
(viii) Vinegar dissolves in water.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) True
(viii) True.
Question 5.
Given below are the names of some objects and materials :
Water, basket ball, orange, sugar, globe, apple and earthen pitcher
Group them as :
(a) Round shaped and other shape.
(b) Eatables and non-etables.
Answer:
Round-shaped object Other-shaped objects
Question 6.
List all items known to you that float on water. Check and see if they will float on a oil or kerosene.
Answer:
All these materials floats on water and they sink in oil and float on kerosene.
Question 7.
Find the odd one out from the following:
(a) Chair, Bed, Table, Baby, Cup-board.
(b) Rose, Jasmine, Boat, Marigold, Lotus.
(c) Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Silver, Sand.
(d) Sugar, Salt, Sand, Milk, Milk powder.
Answer:
(a) Baby
(b) Boat
(c) Sand
(d) Milk
HBSE 6th Class Science Sorting Materials into Groups Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you mean by classification?
Answer:
The process of grouping things on the basis of some common properties is called classification.
Question 2.
How groupings of things are made?
Answer:
Goupings of things are done according to some similarities, necessities, and convenience to make it easier to work with them.
Question 3.
Name three things made from glass.
Answer:
Bowl, bottle, jug, katori.
Question 4.
Name two materials which are soluble in water.
Answer:
Question 5.
Name five objects which are made from transparent materials.
Answer:
Question 6.
List three liquids which are transparent.
Answer:
Question 7.
List five objects which are made from opaque materials.
Answer:
Question 8.
What is common between salt and sand?
Answer:
Mass.
Question 9.
Name three bad conductors of heat.
Answer:
Question 10.
Name three good conductors of heat.
Answer:
Aluminium, copper and iron.
Question 11.
Name five magnetic objects.
Answer:
Eraser, Pins, Iron nails, Scissors and steel spoon.
Question 12.
Name two objects made from plastics.
Answer:
Question 13.
Name two substances which are insoluble in water.
Answer:
Question 14.
Name four metals which are used in our daily life.
Answer:
Question 15.
Write two properties of metals.
Answer:
Question 16.
Name three liquids which are immiscible in water.
Answer:
Question 17.
Name three materials which float in water.
Answer:
Question 18.
Name three things which are non-magnetic.
Answer:
Question 19.
How can materials be grouped?
Answer:
Materials can be grouped on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties.
Question 20.
Name some combustible materials.
Answer:
Wood, paper and cotton.
Question 21.
Which are translucent materials?
Answer:
The materials through which things are only partially visible are called translucent materials.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are objects made of?
Answer:
Question 2.
Mention three properties of materials.
Answer:
Three important properties of materials are described below :
Question 3.
Write three common characteristics of materials.
Answer:
Question 4.
Why are handles of utensils made from wood or plastics?
Answer:
The handles of utensils are made from wood or plastics because utensils are good conductors of heat and wood and plastics are bad conductors of heat. They do not allow the heat transmission through them. So the handles of utensils are made from wood or plastics so that we do not burn our hands while handling these utensils when they are hot.
Question 5.
Name two gases which are soluble and two gases which are insoluble. What is the importance of gases dissolved in water?
Answer:
→ Gases which are soluble in water: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
→ Gases which are insoluble in water: Hydrogen, Nitrogen.
The oxygen dissolved in water helps aquatic plants and animals. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water helps the plants living in water for photosynthesis.
Question 6.
X, Y and Z are three types of materials. The materials X and Y can break into pieces easily when hit with an object but material Z does not break easily. The material X is used in the windows of bathrooms in our house whereas material Y is used in the windows of our drawing room. The material Z is used in making doors and almirahs in our house.
(a) What do you think material X could be? What is the general name of materials liheX?
(b) What could material Y be? Write the general name of materials like Y.
(c) What could material Z be? What is the general name of material like Z?
Answer:
(a) Ground glass : Translucent materials
(b) Clear glass: Transparent materials
(c) Wood : Opaque Materials.
Question 7.
Why cotton floats on water?
Answer:
Cotton has large number of pores in it. The air gets trapped in it thereby reducing its density (by increasing the volume of cotton by air). Therefore cotton floats on water. But when these pores get filled with water it starts sinking.
Question 8.
A few things have been grouped as follows. Identify the property common to all things in each group.
Group – I : Glass, Cup, Bucket, Mug, Jug
Group – II : Man, Cow, Camel
Group – III : Copper, Iron, Silver, Gold
Answer:
Group – I: Containers – all are made of plastic/steel.
Group – II: Living beings-all are mammals.
Group – III : All are metals.
Question 9.
Which among kerosene and glycerine is miscible in water? How will you find out?
Answer:
Glycerine is miscible in water.
Take some water in two test tubes. Put a few drops of glycerine into one test tube and a few drops of kerosene into the other. Shake them well. Glycerine mixes with water and cannot be seen separately. Kerosene does not mix with water. It can be seen as a separate layer on the top of water.
Question 10.
Give an activity to observe flow of heat in metal and wood.
Answer:
Take a cup and fill it partly with hot water. Place two spoons in it – one made of aluminium and the other made of wood. After a minute, touch the upper top of each spoon. You will observe that the aluminium spoon is hotter than the wooden spoon. This is because heat can flow quickly through aluminium but not so in wood.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the advantages of classification/grouping things or materials?
Answer:
The advantages of classification/ grouping of things or materials are as under:
Question 2.
List the characteristics of solids, liquids and gases and give an example of each.
Answer:
Solids : All solids have the following characteristics :
Examples : Gold and wood.
Liquids : All liquids have the following characteristics:
Examples : Water and alcohol.
Gases : All gases have the following characteristics:
Examples : Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
Question 3.
Discuss important properties of matter. (Any five)
Answer:
Some important properties of matter are discussed below:
Sorting Materials into Groups Class 6 HBSE Notes
1. There is a large variety of things around us, some of familiar furniture may be chairs, tables, almirah, utensils, books, clothes, toys, television, refrigerator and other household items.
2. Different things can be used for making different types of materials.
3. Different types of materials have different properties such as appearance, solubility, transparency, conductivity and behaviour towards magnets etc.
4. Things can be grouped on the basis of their properties of materials from which they are made. Similar things are arranged together for convenience.
5. Materials which have lustre are called metals. Iron, copper, aluminium and gold are some examples of metals. Thus metals have a lustre and are called lustrous materials.
6. The surface of a material could be smooth or rough. Such as a stone feels rough on touching and metal surfaces are smooth to touch.
7. Materials may be hard or soft. Materials which are difficult to press are called hard and which can be pressed easily are called soft.
8. Substances which dissolve in water are called soluble and which remain the same are called insoluble.
9. Those liquids which mix well with water are said to be miscible and others which do not mix well are known as immiscible in water.
10. Some gases are soluble in water such as oxygen gas which dissolves in water is very important for the survival of aquatic animals.
11. Some materials like sand, sugar and salt sink in water and such materials like wax and oils float on water.
12. Materials may be transparent, opaque and translucent. Materials through which things can be seen are called transparent and materials through which you things are not able to see are called opaque and materials through which things are only partially visible; are called translucent.
13. Those materials/substances which allow the transmission of heat through them are called conductors of heat, which do not allow heat to pass through them are called non-conductors or poor conductors.
14. All metals are conductors of heat. Wood, plastics and a piece of cotton are examples of non-conductors. Gases are poor conductors of heat.
15. Some materials which burn on direct flame in the presence of air, are called combustible materials.
16. Materials which get strongly attracted towards the magnet are called magnetic materials. Our earth itself is a huge magnet. Magnetic materials find many uses in electronic devices.
17. Things are grouped together on the basis of properties of materials from which they are made.
18. The tendency of substances to intermix is called diffusion.
Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
HBSE 6th Class Science Fibre to Fabric Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises
Question 1.
Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic:
Nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute.
Answer:
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false :
(a) Yarn is made from fibres.
(b) Spinning is a process of making fibres.
(c) Jute is the outer covering of coconut.
(d) The process of removingseed from cotton is called ginning.
(e) Weaving ofyaf’n make a piece of fabric.
(f) Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of plants.
(g) Polyester is a natural fibre.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True
(f) False
(g) False
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) Plant fibres are obtained from ________ and ________.
(b) Animal fibres are ________ and ________.
Answer:
(a) Cotton, jute
(b) Wool, silk.
Question 4.
From which part of plant cotton and jute are obtained?
Answer:
Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton seeds. They are hairs of cotton seeds. Jute fibres are obtained from the stem of jute plants by retting process.
Question 5.
Name two items that are made from coconut fibres.
Answer:
Question 6.
Explain the process of making yarn from fibres.
Answer:
The process of making yam from fibres is called spinning. In this process fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yarn.
A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle also called takli and charkha. Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the help of spinning machine. After spinning yams are used for making fabrics.
HBSE 6th Class Science Fibre to Fabric Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name some fibres obtained from natural sources (Plants/animals).
Answer:
Cotton, silk, wool and jute fibres are obtained from natural sources.
Question 2.
Name two fibres obtained from man-made materials.
Answer:
Nylon and polyester.
Question 3.
Which type of clothes absorb water quickly?
Answer:
Cotton clothes absorb water quickly.
Question 4.
Which type of clothes bum quickly?
Answer:
Nylon and polyester clothes bum quickly.
Question 5.
From where do we get wool and silk?
Answer:
We get wool from animal hairs (sheep) and silk from silk worm.
Question 6.
From which time cotton has been used in India?
Answer:
In India cotton has been used since 1800 B.C.
Question 7.
Where is cotton grown in India?
Answer:
In India cotton crops are grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh.
Question 8.
In which climate are cotton crops grown?
Answer:
Cotton crop needs warm climate.
Question 9.
Write two uses of cotton.
Answer:
Question 10.
Where do we get jute?
Answer:
Jute is obtained from stem of jute plants in the form of patsun.
Question 11.
How are jute fibres used?
Answer:
Jute fibres are used for making gunny bags, carpets and curtains.
Question 12.
Why did primitive life need no cloth?
Answer:
Because they lived mostly to tropics where the climate was warm.
Question 13.
Why are cotton and woollen fibres rough?
Answer:
Cotton and woollen fibres are rough because they have many folds and uneven surface on it.
Question 14.
Why are nylon and polyester fibres smooth?
Answer:
Nylon and polyester fibres are smooth because they have long plain, fine structure.
Question 15.
Why are fibres twisted?
Answer:
By twisting fibres, they become strong and their cohesion power increases.
Question 16.
Name some natural and man-made cloth materials.
Answer:
Natural cloth materials are : cotton, wool, silk and jute etc.
Man-made cloth materials are: rayon, nylon and polyesters etc.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
From where do we get materials used for making clothes?
Answer:
We get materials used for making clothes from natural sources such as cotton, jute, silk and wool from plants and animals and from man-made/artificial sources such as nylon, polyester and rayon etc.
Question 2.
Where do the plants have fibres in their body?
Answer:
Plants have fibres in their body in different parts. For examples; cotton and mango have fibres on their seeds, coconut on its fruits, jute on its stem and banana tree on its leaf.
Question 3.
From where do we get wool and silk fibres?
Answer:
Wool and silk fibres are obtained from animals. Wool is obtained from hair of animals; as sheep hairs and silk fibres are obtained from silk worm.
Question 4.
Where are cotton crops grown?
Answer:
Cotton crops are grown in black soil, which is best for of cultivation of cotton crops. It is planted early in the spring season. It needs warm climate. Its plant grows steadily and soon becomes brushes of 3 to 5 feet height.
Question 5.
What are the various uses of cotton?
Answer:
Cotton is used as follows :
Question 6.
Where and when is jute cultivated?
Answer:
Jute is cultivated in alluvial soils in the delta region of rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra. In India jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. It is cultivated during rainy season.
Question 7.
How was clothing developed?
Answer:
Cloth making was developed in three stages: (i) First stage was making cloth from plant fibres, (ii) Second stage was the beginning the use of animal fibres and the third stage began with man-made fibres in 19th century.
Question 8.
Why do we wear clothes?
Answer:
We wear clothes due to the following reasons:
Question 9.
Why is it necessary to make yarn from fabrics for making clothes?
Answer:
Cotton, wool and silk fibres are suitable for making yarn. For making yarn, fibres are twisted. Twisting of fibres into yarn increases the cohesion (togetherness) and strength of fibres.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How do we obtain jute fibres from jute plants?
Answer:
On complete maturation of plants, fibres on its stem becomes very hard. The cut plants are grouped at different places in the field for a few days when most of the leaves fall down. The plants now are tied in small bundles and these bundles made to sink in stagnant water of pond for a few days when the gummy spin rots out to separate fibres. The process is called retting. Fibre is extracted from the retted jute by hand, with jerk and pulls. The dry fibres are then tied together in small bundles. They are pale yellow jn colour with 6 to 8 feet length and quite strong with silky lustre. They can easily be spun into fabrics.
Question 2.
Give a brief account of the journey of jute from its cultivation to making the fibre.
Answer:
(i) Jute is grown in alluvial soil in the delta region of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.
(ii) Jute is cultivated during the rainy season. It bears yellow flowers in 3-4 months.
(iii) Jute plants are usually cut at the flowering state. A good quality fibre is obtained from plants cut at the flowering state. Jute obtained from a matured plant is harder.
(iv) After the dry leaves haven fallen, the bundles of dry plants are kept in a pond for a few days. During this period, the gummy skin rots out to separate the fibres. This process is called retting.
(v) The jute fibre is obtained from the retted jute by hand.
Fibre to Fabric Class 6 HBSE Notes
HBSE Class 6 Social Science Geography: The Earth: Our Habitat (भूगोल – पृथ्वी: हमारा आवास)
HBSE Class 6 Social Science History: Our Pasts – I (इतिहास – हमारे अतीत – I)
HBSE Class 6 Social Science Civics: Social and Political Life – I (नागरिक शास्त्र – सामाजिक एवं राजनीतिक जीवन – I)
Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography: The Earth: Our Habitat
Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History: Our Pasts – I
Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics: Social and Political Life – I