Class 6

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

HBSE 6th Class Science Electricity and Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called ………… .
(b) An electric cell has …………. terminals.
Answer:
(a) switch
(b) two.

Question 2.
Make ‘true’ or ‘false’ for following statements:
(a) Electric current can flow through metals.
(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
(c) Electric current can pass through thermocol.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False.

Question 3.
Explain why the bulb not glow in the arrangement shown in Fig. 12.1.
Answer:
The bulb would not glow in the arrangement shown in figure because the one end of tester/screw driver is made up of plastic which does not allow the electric current of flow through it.

Question 4.
Complete the drawing in Fig 12.2. to indicate where the tree ends of the two wires should be joined to make the bulbs glow.

Question 5.
What is the purpose of using an electric switch? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them.
Answer:
An electrical switch is used to open the circuit or to close the circuit due to which electrical gadgets start or stop. Electrical switch is used in many electrical gadgets such as: Television, Washing machine, Electrical mixy, Toaster, Heaters, Press, Tube-light, Electrical bulb, Torch, etc.

Question 6.
Would the bulb glow after completing the circuit shown in Fig. 12.13 if instead of safety pin we use an eraser?
Answer:
No, since eraser is an insulator so it does not allow the current to pass. Hence, the bulb will not glow.

Question 7.
Would the bulbs glow in the circuit in Fig. 12.5.

Answer:
No, the bulb will not light up. Because on one terminal, woolen thread is used instead of metal wires. Woollen thread is insulator in which no current flows. So the bulb will not light up.

Question 8.
Using your “conduction tester” on an object is was found that the bulb begins to glow is that a conductor or an insulator? Explain.
Answer:

The bulb lights up, when we use “conductor tester”, because the material we use is conductor. The material is made up of metals which are conductors of electricity. Therefore the bulb lights up. The circuit completes due to flow of electricity through metal materials. (See Fig. 12.6.)

Question 9.
Why should an electrician use rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home? Explain.
Answer:
Our body is good conductor of electricity and rubber in insulator. During repairing work if the body comes in contact with current carrying wire then there will not be any accident as rubber does not allow the passage of current though it. Hence electrician uses rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch.

Question 10.
The handles of the tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians for the repair work usually have plastic or rubber covers on them. Can you explain why?
Answer:
Plastic or rubber is an insulator which does not allow electric current to pass through it. The handles of the tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians have covering of plastic or rubber, so that electric current may not pass through these tools to the body of the electrician to harm him.

HBSE 6th Class Science Electricity and Circuits Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define electricity.
Answer:
Electricity is one of the most useful forms of energy.

Question 2.
Name two devices which work on electricity?
Answer:
(i) Toaster
(ii) Television.

Question 3.
From where is electricity supplied to our home?
Answer:
Electricity is supplied to our home from power station.

Question 4.
When electricity supply fails at night, from where do we get electricity?
Answer:
When electric supply fails at night, we get electricity from torch.

Question 5.
What supplies electricity to torch bulb?
Answer:
Electric cell supplies electricity to torch bulb.

Question 6.
What is an electric cell?
Answer:
It is a source of electricity.

Question 7.
Name two devices in which we use electric cell?
Answer:
(i) Alarm clock
(ii) Camera.

Question 8.
What type of terminals does an electric cell contain?
Answer:
Two types of terminals:
(i) Positive terminals (+) and (ii) Negative terminals (-).

Question 9.
Define battery.
Answer:
When two or more cells are joined together, we call it a battery.

Question 10.
How does an electric cell produce electricity?
Answer:
An electric cell produces electricity from chemicals stored inside it.

Question 11.
When does the electric bulb light up?
Answer:
Electric bulb lights up when the bulb and the connecting wire form a complete path which starts from one terminal of the electric cell and ends at the other terminal.

Question 12.
If there is any gap in the path, will the bulb light up?
Answer:
The bulb will not light up.

Question 13.
Define an electric circuit.
Answer:
The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of electric cell is called, a circuit.

Question 14.
In which direction does electric current flow in a circuit?
Answer:
Electric current flows in a circuit from positive terminal to negative terminal.

Question 15.
What is a fused bulb?
Answer:
When the filament is broken in a bulb, it is called the fused bulb.

Question 16.
What is an electric switch?
Answer:
A switch is a simple device that either breaks or completes the circuit.

Question 17.
Define an open circuit.
Answer:
When there is a gap between two terminals, it is called open circuit.

Question 18.
What is a closed circuit?
Answer:
A circuit where there is no gap between two terminals is called a closed circuit.

Question 19.
Define conductors.
Answer:
The materials through which electric current can flow are called conductors.

Question 20.
What are insulators?
Answer:
The materials through which the electric current cannot flow are called insulators.

Question 21.
Name two materials which are condutors.
Answer:
(i) Aluminium
(ii) Copper.

Question 22.
Name two insulators.
Answer:
(i) Rubber
(ii) Plastics.

Question 23.
Can we use rubber/jute instead of metal wires to connect circuit?
Answer:
No, we cannot use rubber/jute to connect circuit wires.

Question 24.
Name two metals which can be used to connect wires.
Answer:
(i) Copper
(ii) Aluminium.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Classify the following into conductors and insulators:
Metal, Rubber, Plastic, Wood, Glass, Iron nail, Gold foil.
Answer:
(a) Conductors: Metals, iron nails, gold foil.
(b) Insulators: Rubber, plastic, wood, glass.

Question 2.
Why are copper and aluminium metals used for making wires?
Answer:
Copper and aluminium are metals. They are good conductors of electricity and electric current can flow through them. So they are used for making electric wires.

Question 3.
Name two insulators and two conductors.
Answer:
Insulators:
(i) Plastic
(ii) Rubber.

Conductors:
(i) Iron
(ii) Copper.

Question 4.
Name some devices in which electric cell is used.
Answer:
We use electric cell in many devices; such as alarm clock, wrist-watch, transistor, calculator, camera, lighter etc.

Question 5.
Define an electric cell.
Answer:
An electric cell contains a cylindrical pot covered by a thick paper sheet. Inside the a pot, there are some chemicals stored and a carbon rod in the middle covered by metal cap at its top. There are two terminals: (+) positive and (-) negative terminals in the cell. The (-) negative mark is negative terminal of the cell. Both terminals are on the same side. (See Fig. 12.7.)

Question 6.
Define a battery.
Answer:
When two or more electric cells are joined in such a way that positive terminal of one cell is joined by negative terminal of another cell, we call it a battery. (See Fig. 12.8.)

Question 7.
How does an electric cell produce electricity?
Answer:
Electricity is-produced by electric cell from chemicals stored inside it. When the chemicals of the cell are used up, it stops producing electricity.

Question 8.
What is an electric bulb? Explain.
Answer:
An electric bUlb contains tiny wire inside a glass cover, called filament. The filament is supported by two thick wires. One of the thick wires is connected to the metal case around the base of the bulb and other is connected to the metal tip of the base. The base and metal tip are two terminals of the bulb. The two terminals do not touch each other. (See Fig. 12.9.)

Question 9.
When does the bulb light up?
Answer:
The bulb light up only when the bulb and the wire complete, the path which starts at one terminal of the electric cell and ends at the other terminal. If there is any gap in the path, the bulb does not light up. It also does not light up if the path starts and returns to the same terminal of the electric cell. (See Fig. 12.10.)

Question 10.
Define an electric circuit.
Answer:
The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of the electric cell is called a circuit. As soon as the path from one terminal of the electric cell to the other terminal is complete, an electric current starts flowing through the circuit and the bulb starts glowing.

Question 11.
How does electric current flow in an electric cell?
Answer:
The electric current flows from the positive terminal of the electric cell to its negative terminal as shown in the figure below:
In the bulb, the current enters through one of its terminals, flows through the filament inside the bulb and comes out through the other terminal of the bulb. The bulb lights up.

Question 12.
What is a fused bulb?
Answer:
If the filament is broken, the circuit is not complete and hence the current cannot flow. The bulb with broken filament is called a fused bulb.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a labelled sketch of a torch. Give its various parts and working.
Answer:
Parts of a torch:
(a) A metallic or plastic casing
(b) Torch bulb
(c) Glass reflector
(d) Metal switch contacts
(e), Slide switch
(f) Two or three dry dells according to size of the cell
(g) Metal spring attached to slide switch
(h) Lamp contact.

Working of torch:
Electric current flows in the closed circuit. When slide switch is slided forward, cell contact is complete with the bulb, circuit is now closed. Electric current starts from one terminal of the electric cell and comes back to the other terminal of the electric cell. Bulb glows and starts emitting light.

Question 2.
Describe an electric bulb.
Answer:
It consists of a tiny coiled wire, supported by two thick wires making a V-shape. This tiny coiled wire is called filament. The’ two thick wires making this v-shape are called supporting wires. The lower end of one of these wires is connected to the metal casing at the side of the bulb. The lower end of the second wire is connected to the metal top at the base and the metal casting at its lower end act as terminals of the bulb. The space in between the terminals of the bulb is filled with sealing wax. This prevents the terminals from making contact with one another.

Where the electric current passes through the filament of the bulb through the terminals, it gets white hot and produce light

(a) Torch bulb
(b) Inside a torch bulb

Question 3.
What is electric circuit? How many types of electric circuit are there? Define them. Draw a diagram to show the closed Circuit for switch, bulb and dry cell.
Answer:
Electric circuit:
The complete path of flow of electricity from one terminal of the cell to its other terminal through various electrical components is called an electric circuit.

There are two types of electric circuit: (a) Open electric circuit, (b) Closed electric circuit.

(a) Open electric circuit:
The circuit in which electrical contact at any point is broken is called open electric circuit.

(b) Closed electric circuit:
The circuit in which electric current flows from one terminal of a cell or battery to the other is called a closed circuit.

Question 4.
Does supply of electricity have two-way path?
Answer:
Yes . There are always two wires coming from the electric power house. One of the wires brings the current and is called live wire. The current coming through live wire passes through an electric appliance (such as a bulb, fan, etc.) and then flows out through another wire to power house. The wire which carries away the current to power house is called neutral wire.

These days there is a third wire, which is commonly called earth wire. This wire is attached to the metallic bodies of the electric appliances. It is a kind of safety wire which protects us from electric shocks and electric fires.

Electricity and Circuits Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Electricity is the most useful forms of energy. We use many devices which work on electricity such as heater, washing machine, T.V., tube-light, etc.
• Electric cell is a source of electricity. It has two terminals: (i) Positive terminal and negative terminal.
• Electric cell produces electricity from the chemicals stored inside it.
• A bulb has two terminals. The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of electric cell is called a circuit.
• When there is a complete circuit from one terminal of the electric cell to the other, electric current flows through the circuit.
• The electric current flows from the positive terminal of the electric cell to its negative terminal.
• Switch is a simple device that either breaks the circuit or completes it to stop or start the flow of current.
• Materials through which the electric current can flow are called conductors;
• Materials through which the electric current cannot flow are called insulators.
• Electric cells are used in many devices such as an alarm clock, wrist-watch, transistor and camera etc.
• When two electric cells are jointed together, we call it a battery.
• In an electric bulb there is a thin wire, called filament and two thick wires.
• Electric circuit: The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to other terminal of electric cell, is called a circuit.
• Electric switch: A switch is a simple device that either breaks the circuit or completes it.
• Conductors and insulators are equally important for us.
• Our body is a good conductor of electricity. Therefore be careful when you handle an electrical appliance.

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Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Name the major nutrients in our food.
Answer:
The major nutrients in our food are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Dietary fibres and water.

Question 2.
Name the following :
(a) The nutrients which mainly gives energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eye sight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Answer:
(a) Carbohydrates and fats,
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins ‘A’
(d) Calcium.

Question 3.
Name two food each rich in :
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fibre
(d) Proteins.
Answer:
(a) (i) Butter, (ii) Ghee, (iii) Soyabean.
(b) (i) Rice (cooked), (ii) Dal (cooked), (iii) Peanuts.
(c) Whole grains and pulses. Fresh fruits.
(d) Milk, fish, cheese and eggs.

Question 4.
Tick (✓) the statements that are correct.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. ( )
(c) Balance diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. ( )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
Answer:
(a) Not correct
(b) correct
(c) correct
(d) not correct.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) _________ is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of _________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease known as _________.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of _________ in our food.
Answer:
(a) Rickets
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Scurvy
(d) Vitamin ‘A’.

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the essential nutrients for our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients.

Question 2.
Name any three sources of carbohydrates.
Answer:
Cereals – Sugar and sweet potato.

Question 3.
Name the disease caused due to lack of vitamin A.
Answer:
Night blindness.

Question 4.
Name two sources of animal proteins.
Answer:
Egg and milk.

Question 5.
Write two sources of plant protein.
Answer:
Pulses and beans.

Question 6.
Same mass of which nutrient gives more energy – Fats or carbohydrate?
Answer:
Fats.

Question 7.
Name two foods rich in dietary fibres.
Answer:

• cabbage
• spinach.

Question 8.
Name three foods rich in oil and fats.
Answer:
Butter, ghee, vegetable oils.

Question 9.
Name two protein-rich foods.
Answer:
Meat and milk.

Question 10.
Which food is needed for strong bones and teeth?
Answer:
Milk, fish, oils and eggs.

Question 11.
Which food is needed to prevent constipation?
Answer:
Juicy fruits and fresh vegetables.

Question 12.
Name the type of food which makes a balanced diet?
Answer:

• Energy-providing
• Growth- promoting
• protective food.

Question 13.
What are protective foods?
Answer:
Foods which help in protection of body from disease like – minerals and vitamins.

Question 14.
Name three sources of fats.
Answer:
Coconut, ghee and groundnut.

Question 15.
What is the importance of proper food selection?
Answer:
By selecting food properly, we can have nutritious diet in less price.

Question 16.
What are the sources of vitamin ‘D’?
Answer:
Milk, butter, egg and fish liver.

Question 17.
What is the causal factor of scurvy?
Answer:
It is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What is the main cause of obesity?
Answer:
Excess eating of fried food is the main cause of obesity.

Question 19.
What are harmful effects of obesity?
Answer:
It causes heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Question 20.
Name four important minerals present in our body.
Answer:
Calcium, sodium, potassium and iron.
Calcium and phosphorus.

Question 21.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in children.
Answer:
Kwashiorkar and Marasmus.

Question 22.
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B2?
Answer:
Retarded growth, Pellegra.

Question 23.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of iron.
Answer:
Anaemia.

Question 24.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of phosphorus.
Answer:
Body weakness and bad bones and teeth.

Question 25.
Chapatis of wheat flour or maida?
Answer:
Chapatis of wheat flour give us more nutrients.

Question 26.
Vegetables and fruits with peels or without peels?
Answer:
Vegetables and fruits with peels give us more nutrients.

Question 27.
Dalia or noodles?
Answer:
Dalia gives us more nutrients.

Question 28.
Fruit juice or created spot drinks?
Answer:
Fruits juice gives us more nutrients.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency?
Answer:
Symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency are :
(i) Skin on the gums begins to crack and bleed.
(ii) Wounds in the body take a longer time to heal.
(iii) Cough and cold are caused due to its deficiency.

Vitamins	Minerals
1. They are a special group of compounds.	1. These are special groups of inorganic compounds.
2. These are needed by our body in a very small quantity.	2. These are needed in small amounts.
3. They perform specific functions.	3. Each mineral is necessary for the growt hand development of the body.
4. They help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.	4. They help in maintaining a good health.

Question 2.
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
Difference between vitamins and minerals :

Question 3.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet containing all the essential requirements in right proportion, necessary for the growth and development of the body. These are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Sufficient amount of water and roughage should also be present.

Question 4.
What are protective foods? Give two examples.
Answer:
Those foods which help in the protection of body against diseases like vitamins and minerals.

Question 5.
Name the different components of food.
Answer:
The main components of foods are : Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Roughage and water are also needed in proper quantity.

Question 6.
List the functions of food.
Answer:
Functions of foods are:

• To provide energy to do work.
• To help in repairing of injured body part and growth.
• To protect the body from infections and disease.

Question 7.
What is the importance of fats in our body?
Answer:
Fats are important for our body in the following ways:

• They are used as fuels in the absence of carbohydrates.
• Fats protect the internal organs from the external shocks.

Question 8.
Why is water essential for our life?
Answer:
Water is very essential for our body in the following ways :

• It acts as medium for body reactions and functions.
• It helps in transport of substances in the different parts of the body.
• It helps in digestion of food.
• It helps in removal of waste from the begins.
• It helps in maintaining the body tempture constant.

Question 9.
Why are vitamins and minerals called protective food?
Answer:
Minerals are chemical compounds needed in small quantities for proper growth and function of the body. Vitamins are also very important for proper functioning of the body organs. They protect our body from many diseases and infections. So they are called protective foods.

Question 10.
What is roughage? How is it important for the body?
Answer:
The part of food containing cellulose which is undigestible in nature acts as roughage. It helps in removing all the undigested food, stored in the digestive tracts, outside the body.

Question 11.
What is malnutrition? What are its harmful effects?
Answer:
Malnutrition is caused by deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet. Protein deficiency causes kwashiorkar in which swelling in body occurs. Protein and carbohydrate deficiency cause marasmus in which leaves body parts leaning and person becomes thin.

Question 12.
What are the causal factors for scurvy and rickets?
Answer:
Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ‘C’. In this disease, gums and nose start bleeding. The body bleeds inside. Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D. In this disease, bones become soft and bend.

Question 13.
Explain the following with suitable examples:
(i) Obesity, (ii) Hypervitaminosis, (iii) Anaemia.
Answer:
(i) Obesity : It is caused by excess eating of fried foods. Fats and carbohydrates are stored in our body and cause obesity. In it too much fats are deposited in the body which is very harmful.

(ii) Hypervitaminosis : It is caused due to excess of vitamin ‘D’. In hypervita-minosis the foot becomes like elephant and becomes very thick.

(iii) Anaemia : It is caused by the deficiency of iron. It is needed for the formation of red-blood cells in our blood. Therefore by the deficiency of iron our body becomes yellow. In this disease, there is a loss of appetite, nails becomes white, swelling appears on our hands and feet and other body parts.

Question 14.
What is the importance of carbohydrates in our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates act as fuels in our body. It is the only nutrient which combusts frequently and produce energy. Our body use this energy in performing various body functions.

Question 15.
What is meant by P.E.M.? Name the disease caused by P.E.M.
Answer:
The elaborated form of P.E.M. is protein energy malnutrition. The diseases caused by P.E.M. are: (i) Kwashiorkar and (ii) Marasmus.

Question 16.
Explain the importance of proteins in the human body.
Answer:
Protein contains sufficient quantity of amino-acids to maintain a normal functioning of our body. It is required for growth and repairs in our body. It helps in building the new tissues. They also account for the tough fibrous nature of hair and nails. They are parts of our body and help in proper functioning of our body. It can also burn to provide energy in the time of emergency.

Question 17.
How would you test the presence of the following in the given food?
(a) Starch (b) Vitamin C.
Answer:
(a) Test for starch : The material is dissolved in water. To this solution, add some drops of iodine solution. If it turns blue, it shows the presence of starch.

(b) Test for vitamin C : The material is dissolved in water and add some drops of iodine solution in it. Now with the help of a dropper put drop by drop into the blue coloured iodine solution. If the blue colour disappears and brown colour appears, it shows the presence of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What happens when we eat lots of fried food?
Answer:
Fried foods such as noodles, pizza, burgers, potato wafers, chocolate, candies, ice-creams and soft drinks all are harmful to us if we take these in excess and regularly. These fast foods lack in minerals and vitamins. They cause obesity. They increase body weight.

Question 19.
Why do we have to drink lots of water?
Answer:
Water is required to perform several different functions. Our blood is mostly water. In dehydration, blood becomes thicker. Water helps in digestion. It dissolves waste products of the body and these could be removed through urine.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are vitamins? Write the sources of vitamin A, B, C and D. Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of these vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins are a special group of compounds which are needed by our body only in very small quantities. They do not provide any energy to us, but they are essential components of our diet as they perform specific functions in our body. Some vitamins are water-soluble and some are fat-soluble. Vitamin ‘A’ is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its good sources are fish oil, milk, milk products and carrots. Its deficiency causes night blindness.

Vitamin ‘B’ is water-soluble. It is found in wheat, rice, yeast extract, liver and kidney. Lack of vitamin ‘B’ causes beri-beri.

Vitamin ‘C’ is water-soluble. It is found in citrus fruits, (orange, lemon, lime) and in many fresh vegetables. Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.

Vitamin ‘D’ is fat soluble. It is found in fish oil, eggs, milk and milk products. Its deficiency causes rickets.

Question 2.
What are the sources and importance of the following minerals:
(a) Calcium, (b) Magnesium, (c) Potassium, (d) Zinc.
Answer:
(a) The main sources of calcium minerals are : Milk, cheese, eggs and green vegetables. It is also found in flour and breads. It helps in formation of bone, teeth and blood clotting. It also helps in muscles activity.

(b) Magnesium is found in cheese and green vegetables. It is found in whole meal bread, milk and fish. It helps in energy transfer and muscles activity. Magnesium is also helpful in bone and teeth formation. It works with calcium and vitamin C.

(c) Potassium is found in meats, fruits and vegetables. It is also found in milk, eggs, cheese, beef and potatoes. Its main function is to maintain balance in blood and tissues fluid. It also helps in nerve impulse conduction.

(d) Zinc is mainly found in onions, liver and green vegetables. Its importance in our diet is that it is an important part of hormone insulin.

Components of Food Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. We get energy from the food we eat. It gives us energy to work and play. It helps us to grow.

2. Food helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues. It also protects our body from diseases and infections.

3. Food is an absolute necessity for sustaining body functions.

4. Food has many components; such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. All these are called nutrients.

5. Water and roughage are also necessary for our diet. They play a vital role in our diet.

6. On the basis of functions, they perform, the components of food may be classified as:

• Energy-giving food: carbohydrates and fats.
• Body-building food : proteins.
• Protective food: vitamins and minerals.
• Roughage and water: roughage helps in digestive system and water’ is essential for the body.

7. Carbohydrate is the main source of energy in our body. Proteins help in repairing of tissues, body building and many other functions.

8. Minerals and vitamins are very essential for our body. They are required in minor quantities for proper growth and body functions.

9. Vitamins are protective foods which are necessary for the well being of the body. They are needed in small quantities for carrying out various biological functions.

10. We should take a balanced diet means which contains all nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in proper proportion. No single food can provide all the nutrients.

11. Over eating is also not good for a person, as he becomes fat and obese. Obesity may cause many diseases.

12. Sources of carbohydrates in our diet are; cereals grains such as corn and sorgham, peas, beans, sugarcane, sugar beet and many fruits such as banana, mango, melons and vegetables.

13. Many processed foods are rich in carbohydrates including breads. Pizzas, burgers, jams and jelleys, dried fruits, sugar and jaggery are also carbohy-drates.

14. Fats are obtained either from animals or from plants. Butter and ghee are obtained from animals. Groundnut oil, soyabean oil and mustard oil are derived from plants. Fats give more energy than carbohydrates.

15. Protein is obtained from animals and from plants both. Milk, fish, meat, ghee and eggs are main sources of animal proteins. Pulses and beans are sources of plant proteins.

16. Children suffering from protein—deficiency have light brown hair, oldman like face, always hungry and have distended stomach.

17. Proper amount of vitamins helps our body to function normally. Lack of vitamin A causes deficiency disease such as night blindness. Deficiency of vitamin B causes beri-beri and deficiency of vitamin ‘C’ causes scurvy.

18. Fibres and roughage is mainly given by plant foods : grains flour, cereals, potatoes, fresh fruits and raw and cooked vegetables provide roughages in our food.

19. If a person does not get adequate food or his/ her diet does not contain all the nutrients, he becomes weak and said to be suffering from malnutrition. Enough food without enough protein causes rickets.

20. Food may be vegetarian/non-vegetarian, balanced or unbalanced, simple or spicy, nourishing or junk food. Deep fried and roasted foods usually loose their nutritive value.

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Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

HBSE 6th Class Science Getting to Know Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Correct the following statements and rewrite them in your note book.
(a) Stem absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
(b) Leaves hold the plant upright.
(c) Roots conduct water to the leaves.
(d) The number of petals and sepals in a flower is always equal.
(e) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are joined to the petals.
(f) If the petals of a flower are joined together then the pistil is joined to the petal.
Answer:
(a) Root absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
(b) Stem hold the plant upright.
(c) Stem conduct water to the leaves.
(d) The number of sepals and petals in a flower are equal.
(e) If the sepals of a flower are joined together its petals not joined together.
(f) If the petals of a flower joined together, its pistil not joined together.

Question 2.
Draw (a) a leaf, (b) a tap root and (c) a flower.
Answer:

Question 3.
Can you find a plant in your house or in your neighbourhood. Which has long but a weak stem? Write its name. In which category would you classify it?
Answer:
The plant found in our house is money plant, which has weak and long stem. Such type of stem need support and they are called climbers. Guard plant and grapevine also have climber stems.

Question 4.
What are the function of a stem in a plant?
Answer:
Functions of a stem in a plant:

• It forms a link between the roots and the other parts of a plant.
• It provides path for the conduction of water and minerals absorbed by roots to different parts of the plant.
• It bears leaf in such a way that they get maximum sunlight and support them.
• It upholds the plant upright.
• It bears the flowering parts of the plants.

Question 5.
Which of the following leaves have reticulate venation?
Wheat, Tulsi, Grass, Dhania, China rose, Maize.
Answer:
Tulsi, Dhania, China rose.

Question 6.
If a plant has fibrous root, what type of venation do its leaves likey to have?
Answer:
Parallel venation.

Question 7.
If a plant has leaves with reticulate venation, what kind of roots will it have?
Answer:
The root of plants will be tap root.

Question 8.
Is it possible for you to recognize the leaves without seeing them? How?
Answer:
Yes, we can recognize the leaves without seeing. We can recognize leaves by touching or by smelling.
Examples: Sugarcane, Bananas, Maize, Tulsi, Podina, Dhania etc.

Question 9.
Write the names of the parts of a flower:
Answer:
Parts of a flower : (i) Sepals (ii) Petals (iii) Stamens (iv) Pistil

Question 10.
Which of the following plants have you seen? Off those you have you have seen, which one have flowers.
Answer:
Do it your self.

Question 11.
Name the part of the plant which produces its food. Name this process.
Answer:
Leaf, produces their own food. The process of producing food by leaves is called photosynthesis.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower you likely to find the ovary?
Answer:
The ovary is found in pistil part of a flower.

Question 13.
Name two flowers each with joined and separated sepals.
Answer:
(a) Flowers with joined sepals are (i) sunflower, (ii) cotton.

(b) Flowers with separate sepals: (i)Rose, (ii) Mustard plant.

Question 14.
Names the parts of the plant which are hidden in this grid. Search for them by going up and down or even diagonally forward as well as backward. Have fun,
Answer:
Do it your self.

HBSE 6th Class Science Getting to Know Plants Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are herbs?
Answer:
Small and non woody plants are called herbs.

Question 2.
Name any two herbs.
Answer:
Wheat, balsam.

Question 3.
Define shrubs.
Answer:
Medium sized plants within branches starting just above the ground.

Question 4.
Name any three shrubs.
Answer:
Heena, lemon and bougainvillea.

Question 5.
Define trees.
Answer:
Woody plants having a large single stem, which grows for some distance from the ground.

Question 6.
Give examples of three trees.
Answer:
Neem, Mango, Coconut.

Question 7.
What are non-flowering plants?
Answer:
The plants which do not bear flowers.

Question 8.
Give two examples of non-flowering plants.
Answer:
Algae, moss, fern.

Question 9.
Name two climbers.
Answer:
Money plant, bean stalk.

Question 10.
What are creepers?
Answer:
Plants which need support to stand up are called creepers.

Question 11.
What is conduction?
Answer:
The process through which water travels through stem to other parts of the plants.

Question 12.
What is leaf venation?
Answer:
The design made by veins in a leaf is called leaf venation.

Question 13.
What is node?
Answer:
The part of stem where branches and leaf attached are called nodes.

Question 14.
Define internode.
Answer:
The part of stem between two nodes is called internodes.

Question 15.
Define alternate arrangement of leaves.
Answer:
When one leaf is attached to each node, it is called alternate arrangement.

Question 16.
What is opposite arrangement of leaves?
Answer:
When two leaves arise at each node, it is called opposite arrangement.

Question 17.
What is whorled arrangement?
Answer:
When several leaves are arranged is at a node, it is called whorled arrangement.

Question 18.
Name some plants which have aerial roots.
Answer:
Sugarcane, banyan tree and money plant.

Question 19.
How many root systems are found in plants?
Answer:
Two types:

• Tap root system
• Fibrous root system.

Question 20.
Define tap root system.
Answer:
When a plant has a main root and smaller ones come out from it.

Question 21.
What are lateral roots?
Answer:
Smaller roots which come from tap root.

Question 22.
Name two roots that we eat as food.
Answer:
Radish, Sweet potato.

Question 23.
Name two underground stems.
Answer:
Potato, yams.

Question 24.
Name one plant which stores food in their leaves.
Answer:
Onion.

Question 25.
Which part of a flower makes fruit?
Answer:
Pistil.

Question 26.
Name the parts of a flower.
Answer:
Sepals, petals, stamen and pistil.

Question 27.
Name any three parts of the leaf.
Answer:
Three parts of the leaves are : (i) Lamina (ii) Midrib (iii) Petiole.

Question 28.
Leaves are …………. in colour.
Answer:
Leaves are green in colour.

Question 29.
Leaves prepare their food by a process called ………..
Answer:
Photosynthesis.

Question 30.
What type of response does not plant touch-me-not show on touching?
Answer:
When we touch the plant of touch- me-not, it folds its leaves quickly. It shows stimuli towards touch.

Question 31.
Name two animals with heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Answer:

• Cow
• camel
• buffalo.

Question 32.
Which part of the leaf helps in exchange of gases?
Answer:
The lower part of leaf contains many minute pores, which are called stomata. These stomata help in exchange of gases.

Question 33.
List one common feature of the living and non-living objects.
Answer:
Living and non-living both have mass, shape and occupy space.

Question 34.
Name any two waste products of plants.
Answer:

• Latex
• Gum.

Question 35.
List one characteristic of living things.
Answer:
Living things reproduce.

Question 36.
Why do animals need food?
Answer:
Animals need food for growth and getting energy for doing various activities.

Question 37.
What is a cell?
Answer:
Structural and functional unit of life is called cell.

Question 38.
What is nutrition?
Answer:
The process of taking food is generally called nutrition.

Question 39.
What is respiration?
Answer:
The process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide from the body is called respiration.

Question 40.
Define excretion.
Answer:
Removal of harmful and poisonous substances from the body with the body organs is called excretion.

Question 41.
What is the food of fishes?
Answer:
Fishes feed on micro-organism and aquatic insects.

Question 42.
What is the food of frog?
Answer:
Small insects.

Question 43.
Represent photosynthesis by a chemical equation.
Answer:

Question 44.
Name one organism whose body consists of only one cell.
Answer:
Amoeba.

Question 45.
What are autotrophs?
Answer:
Living organisms (green plants) that prepare their own food.

Question 46.
What are heterotrophs?
Answer:
Living organisms (non-green plants and animals) that cannot prepare their own food.

Question 47.
Define respiration.
Answer:
Respiration is the process by which living organisms make energy.

Question 48.
What is stimulus?
Answer:
A change that produces a reaction in an organism.

Question 49.
Where do we get energy for doing work?
Answer:
We get energy from the food we take.

Question 50.
How do plants get their food?
Answer:
Plants get their food from the soil with the help of roots.

Question 51.
What happens when CO₂ is passed in lime water?
Answer:
Lime water turns milky.

Question 52.
Why do fish come on the surface in an aquarium?
Answer:
They come to take air.

Question 53.
Why is it necessary to remove waste materials from the body?
Answer:
Since some materials may be poisonous and harmful to the organism.

Question 54.
How does amoeba remove wastes from its body?
Answer:
Amoeba removes wastes through body surface.

Question 55.
How do plants remove their waste products?
Answer:
They remove their wastes in the form of latex and gum.

Question 56.
What is the process of removal of wastes by plants called?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes in plants is called secretion.

Question 57.
How does a rose plant reproduce?
Answer:
Rose plant reproduces by cutting.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note of the need of plant classification.
Answer:
There are a great variation of plants in their size, shape and structure. So it is essential to classify plants for the ease of their study.

Question 2.
Differentiate between herb, shrub and trees.
Answer:
→ Herbs : Plants with soft stem and small in size. Examples: Tulsi, bean, gram etc.

→ Shrubs :Bushy plants, medium in size and much branched. Examples : Rose, china rose, cotton and sunflower.

→ Trees : Large, branched, wood plants. Examples: Peepal, neem, banyan etc.

Question 3.
What are the functions of leaves?
Answer:
Leaves are known as food factories of plants. They prepare their own food in their green parts using chlorophyll, water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis.

Question 4.
Name different parts of a leaf.
Answer:
Normally leaves are flat and green. The main parts of a leaf are:

• leaf lamina
• midrib
• tip
• petiole
• veins

Question 5.
Differentiate between flowering plants and non flowering plants.
Answer:

Flowering plants	Non-Flowering plants
The plants which have roots, stem and leaves, flower and fruits are known as flowering	The plants which do not have definite roots, stem, leaves and flowers are known as non-flowering plants.
Examples : Mango, guava, grapes, papaya, banana, jamun etc.	Examples : Fern, moss, algae etc.

Question 6.
Why does the stem of cactus plant not have leaves?
Answer:
The cactus plant does not have leaves. Its green stem functions as the leaf. Leaves of this plant are modified into spines, which reduce the loss of water for living in dry areas.

Question 7.
What is the main function of root?
Answer:
Root performs the following functions:

• It fixes the plant in the soil.
• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil for the other parts of the plants.
• It holds the soil firmly, thus prevents soil erosion.

Question 8.
What are the main functions of stem?
Answer:
Functions of stem:

• It forms a link between the roots and other parts of a plant.
• It provides path for the conduction of water and minerals absorbed by roots to different parts of the plant.
• It upholds the plant upright.
• It beau’s leaves in such a way that they get maximum sunlight.
• It bears the floral parts of the plants.

Question 9.
Name the important parts of a flowering plant.
Answer:
The main parts of a flowering plant are:

• Root
• Stem
• Leaf
• Branches
• Flower
• Fruits.

Question 10.
Define supporting roots with examples.
Answer:
In some plants, a number of rope – like roots arisefrom the horizontal branches of the tree. They grow downwards and penetrate the soil acting as pillars to support the main stem and heavy branches of the tree. These roots are called prop roots. These roots are found in banyan tree, sugarcane, screwpine and maize.

Question 11.
Mention some modified roots and stems which we eat.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, beet etc., plant roots storage food, which we eat. In some plants like ginger, onion, potato etc. stems grow underground and store food materials.

Question 12.
What imparts green colour to a leaf?
Answer:
We know that most of the leaves are green in colour. The green colour of leaves is due to a green pigment present in them. This green pigment is called chlorophyll.

Question 13.
Write three modifications each of stems and leaves.
Answer:
Modifications of roots:

• Storage roots
• Supporting roots
• Breathing roots.

Modification of stems:

• Storage of food
• support
• protection.

Question 14.
What is a fruit? How does it differ from a seed?
Answer:
After fertilization, the ovary of the flower swells up and forms the fruits, like mango, apple, orange etc. The seeds contain a store of food, usually starch. Embryo surrounded by a hard wall with embryo inside is called the seed.

Question 15.
What happens if a green plant does not get sunlight?
Answer:
If a green plant does not get sunlight, it cannot prepare its own food by the process of photosynthesis, and plants and animals will die.

Question 16.
All living organisms need food. Why?
Answer:
All living organisms need food for v’ growth, repair and replacement of worn out cells in the body and energy to perform vital activities. Food provides energy. To perform variety of A activities, animals need food. Plants get. water and minerals from soil through root hairs to their different parts of plants. Green plants prepare their own food with the help of carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight. The process is known as photosynthesis.

Question 17.
Distinguish between locomotion and movement in animals.
Answer:
Difference between locomotion and movement in animals:

Movement	Locomotion
All human beings and animals move from one place to another for food and protection from enemies. For example, birds fly and travel long distances and fish continuously move on water.	The bodily movement involving change of place in animals is called locomotion. Animals use wings (birds), limbs (Horse, cow, buffalo), fins (fish) for locomotion.

Question 18.
Why are the green plants called autotrophs?
Answer:
Green plants are called autotrophs because they prepare their own food. Green plants utilize carbon dioxide from air, water, mineral from soil and sunlight to prepare their own food in the form of carbohydrate or simple sugar. This process of preparing food is called photosynthesis.

Question 19.
List some common features of living and non-living things.
Answer:

• All livings and non-living things have mass-shape and they occupy space.
• They are made up of structural units.
• The structural units of living and non-living things are cells and particles respectively.

Question 20.
What do you understand by a life span of a living thing?
Answer:
Different organisms have different life spans. The period for which a living being lives is called life span. Animal growth may not occur throughout the life span. Growth in animals is limited and plants and trees grow for a long period. Growth in plants and animals is influenced by several factors.

Question 21.
List the three differences between living and non-living objects.
Answer:

Livings	Non-livings
1. Living things grow.	1. They do not grow.
2. Reproduce to give birth to new one.	2. They do not reproduce.
3. Living thing shows movements and locomotion.	3. They do not show movement and locomotion.
4. They respond to stimuli.	4. They do not respond to stimuli.

Question 22.
Give three differences between animals and plants.
Answer:
Difference between animals and plants:

Animals	Plants
1. Animals move from one place to another.	1. Plants do not move from one place to another.
2. Animals do not make their own food. So they are heterotropbs.	2. Plants are autotrophs because they prepare their own food.
3. Growth in animals is limited and definite up to a certain age.	3. Plant growth is unlimited and indefinite.

Question 23.
State the character on the basis of which animals are divided into two categories.
Answer:
Animals which have a bony skeleton with a back bone are called vertebrates and animals which do not have a long skeleton and a back bone are called invertebrates.

Question 24.
Define excretion.
Answer:
The process of removal of some harmful and poisonous substances from the body is called excretion. In humans, the excretory products are removed from the body in the form of urine and urea.

Question 25.
What do you mean by growth?
Answer:
An increase in size, shape and body mass of an organism is termed as growth. It is an irreversible change in a living organism. The growth in animals is limited and in plants, growth is unlimited and continues till the last stage of life.

Question 26.
What is the difference between the growth of living and non-living?
Answer:
The growth in living beings is internal and irreversible. It is due to multiplication of cells and tissues. The growth in non-living is external and reversible. It is caused due to deposition of particle from outside.

Question 27.
What do you understand by the term ‘nutrition’?
Answer:
All living things depend upon food to survive. The food is the source of energy. The energy is necessory for performing various life activities. Taking of food is called nutrition.

Question 28.
What is respiration?
Answer:
Respiration is an anabolic activity during which air rich in oxygen is taken into the cell and air rich in CO₂ is given out from the cells. The oxygen is used in the oxidation of food which gives us energy.

Question 29.
Define stimulus and response.
Answer:
Any change in our surroundings is a stimulus and any reactions performed by an organism to that stimulus is response. For example the watering of mouth by seeing a tasty food. To leave the road on the left on hearing the sound of a horn. The movement of stem or flower in the direction of sunlight. These characteristics of living forms show responsiveness.

Question 30.
What is cell? What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organism?
Answer:
The structural and functional unit of life is celled cell. Each cell has a living substance, the protoplasm. Single celled animal is called unicellular and many called organism is called multicellular organism. Example : Amoeba and cow etc.

Question 31.
Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Answer:
Those organisms which prepare their own food, are called autotrophs. For example : only green plants. Those organisms which cannot prepare their own food and depend upon plants or other animals for their food are called heterotrophs. For example : Man, Bacteria, Fungi, etc.

Question 32.
In what way does the intake of food help living things?
Answer:
Living things perform many activities like, playing, running, etc. The energy is required for all activities of living things. This energy is obtained from the food they take. Thus food gives living things energy. It also helps living beings in repairing the body parts. Food also protects t living things from infections and diseases.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a labelled diagram of a plant showing its various parts.
Answer:
The various parts of a plant are shown on the diagram given below:

Question 2.
What is a leaf? Draw the labelled diagram of a leaf. What are the functions of the leaves of a plant?
Answer:
Leaf: The leaf is a thin, broad, flat and green part of a plant which is attached to the stem (or branch).

The leaves of plants have three main functions:
(i) The leaves make food for the plant by photosynthesis.

(ii) The leaves get rid of excess water from the plant through transpiration.

(iii) The leaves carry out the process of respiration in plants.

Getting to Know Plants Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Plants are usually grouped in herbs, shrubs and trees on the basis of their height, stem and branches.
  Stem conducts water upwards, bears leaves, buds and flowers.
• Leaves have variety of shapes, size and other characteristics.
• The pattern of veins on the leaves is called venation. It can be reticulate or parallel.
• Leaves are attached to the stem at places called nodes. The part of stem between two nodes is called internode.
• The arrangement of leaves at the node is alternate, opposite or whorled.
• Leaves release water vapour by the process of transpiration. They prepare food by the process of photosynthesis from carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight.
• Roots are underground part of the plants. They absorb water and minerals from the soil and hold the soil firmly to keep a plant upright.
• Roots are mainly of two types : Tap root and fibrous root.
• Plants having leaves with reticulate venation have tap root and parallel, venation plants leaves have fibrous root.
• Stem conducts water from the roots to the leaves and food from the leaves to the roots.
• All plants do not have colourful flowers. The parts of flowers are usually present in rings.
• The various whorls are sepals, petals, stamen and pistil. Number of sepals, petals, stamen’s and pistils are different in different flowers.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Changes Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Changes Around Us

HBSE 6th Class Science Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
To walk through a waterlogged area, you usually shorten the length of your dress by folding it. Can this change be reversed?
Answer:
Yes, this change can be reversed.

Question 2.
You accidently dropped your favourate toy and broke it. This is a change, you did not want. Can this change be reversed?
Answer:
No, this change can not be reversed.

Question 3.
Somethings are listed in the following table. For each change write in blank column. Whether the change can be reversed or not.

S. No. Change	Can be reversed (Yes/No)
1. The sawing of a piece of wood
2. The melting of ice candy.
3. Dissolving sugar in water.
4. The cooking of food.
5. The ripening of a mango.
6. Souring of milk.

Answer:
(1) Can be reversed; Yes.
(2) No.
(3) Yes.
(4) No.
(5) No.
(6) No.

Question 4.
A drawing sheet changes when you draw a picture on it. Can you reverse this change?
Answer:
No, we cannot reverse this change.

Question 5.
Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.
Answer:
A change that can be reversed is called a reversed change. For example, blowing of a balloon, making aeroplane from a piece of paper by folding it and making ball from a dough etc. changes can be reversed. A change that cannot be reversed is called irreversible change. For example: Ripening of fruits, burning of paper and cooking of food, etc. cannot be reversed.

Question 6.
A thick coating of a paste of plaster of paris (POP) is applied over the bandage on a fractured bone. It becomes hard on drying to keep the fractured bone immobilised. Can the change in POP be reversed.
Answer:
No, the change cannot be reversed.

Question 7.
A bag of cement lying in the open gets wet due to rain during the night. The next day the sunshines brightly. Do you think the changes, which have occured in the cement, could be reversed?
Answer:
No, the change cannot be reversed.

HBSE 6th Class Science Changes Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What type of change is of climate change?
Answer:
Periodic change.

Question 2.
Can deforestation be considered as a reversible change?
Answer:
No, it is not a reversible change.

Question 3.
Can you obtain wood from saw dust?
Answer:
No, we cannot reverse this change.

Question 5.
Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.
Answer:

• Heart beat
• Phases of moon
• Swinging of the pendulum of a clock
• high and low tide in sea every day.

Question 6.
Pickling of mango is a desirable change. How?
Answer:
Pickling of mango is always a desirable change, because we pickle mango according to our taste and desire.

Question 7.
Give an example of natural change.
Answer:
Germination of seed.

Question 8.
Give an example of irreversible change.
Answer:
Burning of paper.

Question 9.
What is a physical change?
Answer:
Change in which no new product is formed.

Question 10.
What is a chemical change?
Answer:
A change in which a new substance with different properties is formed.

Question 11.
Mention two undesirable change.
Answer:

• Breaking of glass ware
• flooding of rivers.

Question 12.
Give four examples of desirable change.
Answer:

• Turning of milk into curd
• Formation of manure from animal dung
• Cleaning of utensils
• Change of season.

Question 13.
What is pasteurisation?
Answer:
Heating and cooking of milk is known as pasteurisation.

Question 14.
State two advantages of non¬periodic change.
Answer:

• Growth of plants and animals and boiling of milk.
• Washing of cloth are some advantages of non-periodic change.

Question 15.
What is solution?
Answer:
When salt is added in water, it dissolves in water to form solution which has properties that mixed to form it.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Can deforestation be considered as a reversible change?
Answer:
Deforestation is not a reversible change because it cannot take place in reverse direction. Forest cannot be grown quickly.

Question 2.
Give four examples of non-periodic change.
Answer:

• Occurring of earthquake
• Falling of ripening fruits from tree
• Landslides
• Train accident.

Question 3.
Is burning always a desirable change?
Answer:
Burning is always not a desirable change. It causes pollution, which is not a desirable change. Burning of house is not a desirable change, because they are harmful to us.

Question 4.
What is the advantage of pasteurising milk?
Answer:
Milk is an essential commodity. Some harmful bacteria spoil it after some time. In pasteurisation, microbes are killed and milk is prevented from spoiling for several days and can be stored without refrigeration.

Question 5.
Explosion of a cracker is a chemical change. Explain.
Answer:
When we burn a cracker, it exploide. Heat, light and smoke comes out after explosion. Many new products are formed. So it is a chemical change.

Question 6.
Most physical changes are reversible. Give reasons with two examples.
Answer:
All physical changes are reversible. Because in physical changes, no new product is formed. They can be reversed easily.
Examples:
(i) Dissolving of sugar in water is a physical change and we get back sugar and water easily.

(ii) Formation of ice from water. In melting of ice, we can get water back.

Question 7.
Identify the type of change and state whether energy is evolved or absorbed in each one of the following:
Burning of a candle, lighting of a bulb, preparation of food by green plants, volcanic eruption.
Answer:

• Burning of a candle : Chemical change, energy evolved.
• Lighting of a bulb : Physical change, energy evolved.
• Preparation of food by green plants: Chemical change, energy absorbed.
• Volcanic eruption: Chemical change, energy evolved.

Question 8.
Define the term ‘interaction’.
Answer:
When two or more substances act on each other, as a result a change may take place. This is called interaction.

Question 9.
What are the differences between chemical and physical changes?
Answer:
Difference between chemical and physical changes:

Chemical change	Physical change
1. A new substance is formed.	1. No new substance is formed.
2. It is a permanent change.	2. It is a temporary change.
3. The composition of new substances changes.	3. No change in the composition of change takes place.
4. It is irreversible.	4. It is reversible.
5. Heat/light evolved or absorbed during change.	5. No heat light evolved or absorbed or may be evolved or absorbed.

Question 10.
Name two similarities between the various objects in your surroundings.
Answer:

• Each object occupies space indicated by its size and shape.
• Objects are made up of materials and some are made up of combination of materials.
• The structural units of objects are called cells and molecules respectively.

Question 11.
How do you group the objects into two main categories?
Answer:
Objects can be grouped on the basis of shape, size and colour. Objects can be categorised into living and non-living objects.

• Living objects such as plants and animals.
• Non-living objects such as stone, table, chair, etc.

Living organisms show movement, respiration, excretion, breathinbg, nutrition, reproduction and sensitivity towards heat, light, sound and touch etc.

Question 12.
Why do animals and plants respire?
Answer:
All living things perform various kinds of activities. Animals move and run around. You go to school and play. For these activities energy is required. This energy living beings obtain through the process of respiration. The oxygen is used to produce energy from the food which organisms consume. Oxygen burns the food and release energy. This energy is utilised for various activities. This can be represented as follows :

Question 13.
How is the process of photosynthesis in plants helpful to the animals?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis in green leaves and plants. They prepare food in green leaves in presence of sunlight with the help of carbon dioxide and water. The food prepared by plants, all animals depend for their food on plants. In this way, photosynthesis is helpful to animals.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
State the reason for each of the following :
(i) Ripening of a fruit is a chemical change.
(ii) Rotation of fan is a periodic change.
(iii) Cooked food is stored in refrigerator.
(iv) Iron sheet is coated with tin before making a can.
Answer:
(i) Ripening of fruits is a chemical change because after ripening, a new product with different properties is formed.

(ii) The rotation of fan is a periodic change, because the change occurs after a fixed interval of time.

(iii) Cooked food is spoiled by bacteria and microbes. To prevent food from spoiling, it is stored in refrigerator, where microbes are killed due to low temperature.

(iv) Iron sheet is coated with tin before making can, because tin coated sheets do not rust. It prevents iron sheet from rusting.

Question 2.
When is a change said to have taken place in a material? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer:
We have many things around us. All these things have certain properties such as state (solid, liquid or gas), position, shape, size, colour, temperature, composition and structure, etc. When one or more properties of a thing become different, we say that it has changed or a change has taken place. Changes involve different kinds of alternations in the things around us. When a change takes place, there may be a change in the state, position, shape,, size, colour, temperature, composition or structure of the material of the object. When ice melts, it forms water. Ice is a solid, whereas water is a liquid. So, the melting of ice involves a change in state (form solid to liquid state).

Question 3.
What is meant by reversible changes and irreversible changes? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Reversible change: A change which can be reversed to form the original substance is called a reversible change.
Example:
When we heat ice, it melts to form liquid water. A change from solid to liquid takes place during the melting of ice. Now, if we cool the water by keeping in the freezer of a refrigerator, it again changes into solid ice. So, the change from ice to water, by heating, has been reversed by cooling. Thus, the melting of ice to form water is reversible change.

Irreversible change : A change which cannot be reversed to form the original substance or substances is called irreversible change.

Example : If we burn a piece of paper, it changes into ash and smoke. Now, we cannot combine the ash and smoke to form the original piece of paper. So, the burning of paper is a change which cannot be reversed. Therefore, the burning of paper is an irreversible change.

Question 4.
Explain why, the burning of paper is said to be an irreversible change whereas the boiling of water is known as reversible change.
Answer:
If we burn a piece of paper, it changes into ash and smoke. Now, we cannot combine the ash and smoke to form the original piece of paper. So, the burning of paper is a change which cannot be reversed. Hence, the burning of paper is an irreversible change. When we boil water by heating, then it changes into steam. Now, if we cool the steam, then water is formed again. So, the changing of water into steam has been reversed by cooling. Thus, the boiling of water is a reversible change.

Changes Around Us Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. We can bring about a change in a substance by heating, applying forces or by mixing it with something else.

2. When a solid mix with water to form a solution and we can say that the solid has dissolved,

3. Different solids dissolve to different degrees in the same amount of water. On heating, amount of solid that can dissolve increases.

4. A change can be physical or chemical. In chemical change, a new product is formed. A physical change can reverse.

5. Slow changes : The changes that takes place over a long period of time, like hours, days, months and years is called slow change. Example : Change during growth and formation of manure.

6. Desirable changes : Changes which are useful to us such as formation of curd from milk and formation of manure from cow dung.

7. Undesirable changes: The changes which are not useful to us are called undesirable changes. Examples : Breaking of glass tumbler and spoiling of food stuffs.

8. Fast changes : Those changes which occur within a short time interval. Example : Burning of a matchstick.

9. Periodic change : A change which occurs during a definite time interval is called periodic change. Examples : Heart beat, phases of moon etc.

10. Non-periodic change: A change which does not repeat again and again after a regular interval of time. Examples : Earthquake and train accidents.

11. Reversible change : If a change can be reversed, it is called reversible change; stretching of rubber band.

12. Irreversible change : A change which cannot be reversed. Example : Burning of paper, etc.

13. Physical change : It is a temporary change in which no new substance is formed. Example : Switching of electric heater. Dissolution of sugar in water.

14. Chemical change: It is a permanent change in which an entirely hew substance is formed with different properties. It is an irreversible change.
Example: Cooking of food and formation of curd from milk.

15. There are a variety of objects found in the surroundings. The objects have a variety of shapes and size. Shape and size of each object indicate the space it occupies.

16. Objects observed around us in spite of variety in shape and size are made up of matter. Some are categorised as living while others are non-living.

17. All living things need food to carry out various activities. Food provides energy for various functions.

18. Green plants prepare their own food by using water and minerals (from soil) carbon dioxide (from air) and sunlight with the help of green pigments. Unlike plants, animals take food in the form of plants/animal products.

19. The living things may be autotrophs or heterotrophs depending upon their mode of feedings.

20. Animals do breathing and respiration. In plant respiration involves direct exchanges of gases between air and cells. Non-living objects do not carry out respirations.

21. Respiration is a process which involves exchanges of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

22. All living things remove wastes like carbon dioxide, water and other salts. Animals remove wastes through excretory organs.

23. Plants secrete wastes as gum, resin, latex. Non-living objects like stone, chair etc. do not remove wastes.

24. When living things increase in size utilizing energy, it is called growth. They grow for a certain period called life span and show growth for a limiting period.

25. Plants keeps growing throughout their lives. Some trees grow for hundred of years. Non-living things do not show the process of growth.

26. Living things show response to stimuli through factors like water, light, gravity, touch etc; while non-living things do not show such mechanism of responding to stimuli.

27. All living organisms produce their own kind, as mango will produce mango, cat will produce cat and man will produce man.

28. Reproduction in living organisms is multiplication of organism and non-living organism like stone and chair do not reproduce.

29. Living organisms show movements and locomotion. All living being are made up of basic functional units called cells.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings

HBSE 6th Class Science The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
What is a habitat?
Answer:
The place where organisms live is called a habitat. When they live in water, it is known as an aquatic habitat or when they live on land it is known as land or terrestrial habitat. Habitat mean a dwelling place or home. Similar animals and plants may share the same habitat.

Question 2.
How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?
Answer:
Desert plants lose very little water through transpirations. Cactus is a desert plant. The leaves of cactus plant are modified into spines. This helps in reducing loss of water through transpiration. The leaf like structure in a cactus is infact, its stem. Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems. Its stem is also covered with a thick waft cuticle/layer which helps to retain water. The root of cactus plant go very deep into the soil to absorb water. In this way we can say that cactus plant adapted to survive in the desert.

Question 3.
Fill up the blanks:
(a) The presence of specific features which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitate, is called …………… .
(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live, on land are called …………. habitat.
(e) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called ………… habitat.
(d) Soil, water and air are the ………… factors of a habitat.
(e) Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them,, are called …………… .
Answer:
(a) Adaptation
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Aquatic
(d) Abiotic
(e) Stumuli.

Question 4.
Which of the things in the following list are non-living?
Plough, Mushroom, Sewing Machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth, Earthworm.
Answer:
The non-living things are Plough, Sewing Machine, Radio, Boat.

Question 5.
Give an example of a non-living thing. Which shows any two characteristics of living things.
Answer:
Clouds in the sky. They show two living characteristics:
(i) They grow in size.
(ii) They move from one place to another place.

Question 6.
Which of the non-living things listed below, were once part of a living thing:
Butter, leather, soil, wool, electric bulb, cooking oil, salt, apple, rubber.
Answer:
Butter, leather, wool, cooking oil, apple.

Question 7.
List the common characteristic of the living things.
Answer:
Characteristics of the living things are as follows:
(i) All living things need food.
(ii) All living things show growth.
(iii) All living things respire.
(iv) They respond to stumuli.
(v) They excrete.
(vi) All living things reproduce.
(vii) They show movement;

Question 8.
Explain why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that live there.
Answer:
There are few trees or places for animals to hide in the grassland habitats. The animals like lion or tiger prey other animals such as deer. The deer have very fast running speed to help them to run away from the predator’s speed is important for their survival in grassland habitats.

HBSE 6th Class Science The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two xerophytic plants.
Answer:
(i) Cactus
(ii) Zizyphus (her)
(iii) Babool.

Question 2.
Give two examples of hydrophyte.
Answer:
(i) Lotus
(ii) Water lily.

Question 3.
Give names of two terrestrial plants.
Answer:
(i) Neem
(ii) Mango.

Question 4.
Write the names of two animals which have different kinds of cover on their bodies?
Answer:
(i) Fish
(ii) Snakes.

Question 5.
What is the food of fishes?
Answer:
Micro plants and aquatic insects.

Question 6
Name one animal which lives in water as well as on land.
Answer:
Frog.

Question 7.
Give two examples of noctural animals.
Answer:
(i) Bat
(ii) Owl
(iii) Cockroach

Question 8.
Define habitat.
Answer:
The place where a plant or an animal lives in its own kind of home.

Question 9.
Where will you find the birds?
Answer:
On the branches of trees.

Question 10.
Name three desert animals.
Answer:
(i) Camel
(ii) Snake
(iii) Lizard.

Question 11.
What are the aquatic organisms?
Answer:
The plants and animals which can live only in water.

Question 12.
List two living organisms in a pond.
Answer:
(i) Frog
(ii) Fish.

Question 13.
Name three non-living things in a pond.
Answer:
(i) Water
(ii) Mud
(iii) Air.

Question 14.
Which is a special terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
Mountain is a special terrestrial habitat where temperature is very low and land is covered with snow.

Question 15.
What type of plants are found at higher altitude?
Answer:
At higher altitude plant species like grasses, mosses, and lichens generally grow.

Question 16.
What are biotic components?
Answer:
Plants and animals are biotic components.

Question 17.
What are abiotic components?
Answer:
Water, air, heat, light and soil are abiotic components.

Question 18.
Why are plants called autotrophs?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis. So they are called autotrophs.

Question 19.
Name one animal which does not have eyes.
Answer:
Amblyopsis.

Question 20.
Name two animals which have reduced eyes.
Answer:
(i) Proteus and (it) Cave-dewelling fish.

Question 21.
Name one adaptation of a desert plant.
Answer:
Leaves and stem become thick and store water.

Question 22.
Where does penguin live?
Answer:
Penguin lives in very cold places.

Question 23.
Where do we get w ater?
Answer:
We get water from ponds, lakes, rivers and oceans.

Question 24.
Name two animals found at the bottom of the sea.
Answer:
Corals, star fish and urchins.

Question 25.
Why is carbon dioxide necessary for plants?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is essential for preparing their food.

Question 26.
What is one harmful effect of moving air?
Answer:
It transports harmful bacteria and spores of disease-causing fungi.

Question 27.
How are animals and plants related?
Answer:
They are related through food chain.

Question 28.
How does soil help plants?
Answer:
Soil provides solid support to plants for their growth.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by noctural animals?
Answer:
Those animals which remain active during night and feed during night but take rest during day time are known as noctural animals. Examples bat, owl etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by diurnal animals.
Answer:
Those animals which remain active during day time and rest at night are known as diurnal animals. Examples: Birds, Man etc.

Question 3.
Differentiate between terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
Answer:
Table 1

Question 4.
Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Answer:
Table 2

Question 5.
How do plants obtain their food?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis, with the help of carbon dioxide, water and presence of sunlight. They obtain water and minerals from the soil by their roots.

Question 6.
Give examples of water and terrestrial habitats.
Answer:
Ponds, river, lakes and oceans are examples of aquatic habitats and water is a medium Forest is an example of terrestrial habitat. Deserts, tea garden and mountains are also terrestrial habitats.

Question 7.
How can you say that mountain is a special terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
Mountain is a special terrestrial habitat because at mountain tempera-ture is very low and most of the areas are covered by snow. Plants like grasses, mosses and lichens generally grow there. Animals like snow-bear, water fowl and musk deer are found in this habitat. Therefore, we can say that mountain is a special terrestrial habitat.

Question 8.
What are the biotic components?
Answer:
Plants and animals are part of biotic components. In addition, there are small organisms like bacteria and fungi in the habitat, which cannot be seen with naked eyes. These are called micro-organisms. They are also a part of biotic components of different habitat.

Question 9.
Name abiotic components.
Answer:
Soil, water and stones are non-living. They are abiotic components. Air, heat, light are also a part of abiotic components.

Question 10.
How do plants prepare their own food?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food. They use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis, so they are called autotrophs. During this process, they release energy.

Question 11.
Light is necessary for plants and animals. Why?
Answer:
Plants and animals cannot survive without light. Plants prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight and animals get food from plants. They totally depend on plants for their food. So sunlight is essential for the survival of the biotic components. In the absence of light, plants becomes weak and delicate and their leaves become yellow. Plants cannot produce fruits and flowers.

Question 12.
What are the characteristics of xerophytes?
Answer:
The plants which grow in hot and dry places are called xerophytes. They have long and extensive roots, which goes deep in the soil in search of water. Leaves and stems of some plants become thick and store water. For example: Agane and opentia, their stems and leaves have thick cuticle layer, to prevent extensive loss of water by transpiration as in zinziphus (Ber) leaves also reduced and divided into small segments.

Question 13.
Why do desert animals have thick skin?
Answer:
Animals living in hot places, such as snakes, desert rats and lizards are not able to get sufficient water. So these animals have a thick skin, which prevents evaporation. Since they do not sweat, they can survive without water for a longer time.

Question 14.
How is camel adapted to live in desert?
Answer:
Camel lives in desert. It has long legs which help it to lift its body above the ground. Thus camel is able to avoid direct contact with the hot ground. The camel drinks water 50 litre or above in one time and store it in its body. So it lives without water for longer time. Its skin is also thick which prevents transpiration of water. Thus camel is suited to live in desert.

Question 15.
Define hydrophytes.
Answer:
Plant like hydrilla, water lily, water hyacinth and lotus grow in fresh water. Water growing plants may be submerged or partially submerged, floating and rooted in muddy soil. These plants are called hydrophytes.

Question 16.
What adaptations are found in hydrophytes?
Answer:
Hydrophytic plants are best suited to water by the presence of air storage parts in the stem and petioles to give buoyancy to plants for floating. Some rooted aquatic plants have the roots fixed in muddy water. In some plants, the floating leaves have waxy coating on the upper surface of the leaves and air cavity. For example lotus, water lily etc.

Question 17.
How fishes are adapted to live in water?
Answer:
Fishes are best suited to live in water. They have boat-like structure which help them in swimming in water. They have gills from which they get oxygen and food. The body of fishes contain different types of fins which help them for swimming in water. Fishes shape tapers which provide least resistance in swimming water.

Question 18.
How is soil important for plants?
Answer:
Top soil is most important for growing plants. Most of the organic matters, minerals, air and water are present in this layer. Water and air are very important for the growth of plants. Plant’s roots get oxygen for respiration. In this way, we can say that soil is important for plants.

Question 19.
How ddes air affect biotic components?
Answer:
Air is essential for the survival of plants and animals. Air contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. Animals cannot live without oxygen and plants cannot live without carbon dioxide. In the form of wind, air also affects plants and animals. Strong wind may break the branches of trees and uproot them. Some diseases caused by fungi and bacteria are spread by air.

Question 20.
How do plants balance oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Plants balance the oxygen and carbon dioxide ratio in the atmosphere. Plants release oxygen in the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and carbon dioxide released by animals is used by plants during the process of photo-synthesis for preparing their own food. In this way, plants maintain balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere.

Question 21.
Distinguish between aquatic and terrestrial habitate.
Answer:
The place where organisms live is called habitat. When they live in water, it is known as water or aquatic habitat. Water is a medium for aquatic habitat. When they live on land, it is known as land or terrestrial habitat and land is a medium for terrestrial habitat. Pond, oceans, rivers and lakes are examples of aquatic habitats and forests, deserts, tea gardens and orchards etc. are example of land habitats.

Question 22.
Explain, why is light essential for plants?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food with the help of sunlight. Plants cannot survive without sunlight. All animals depend for their food on plants directly or indirectly. Indoor plants become weak without light. Their colour becomes yellow. They should shifted in the sunlight for sometime.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How are biotic components related to abiotic components?
Answer:
Biotic components such as plants, animals and microorganisms, are influenced by abiotic components such as water, air, light, oxygen and temperature in different ways. Green plants prepare their own food and animals depend on plants for their food directly or indirectly. They provide shelter to animals. Thus all the organisms are related through food chain.

After death and decay of plants and animals, they are decomposed into simple minerals in the soil. These minerals are again used by plants through the roots. It shows that organisms do not live in isolation. They live in the company of other organisms and share common surroundings. Thus we see that all biotic components and the abiotic components such as air, water, light and soil are interrelated and interdependent on each other in the habitat.

Question 2.
How is fish adapted for aquatic life?
Answer:
(i) The body of a fish is spindle- shaped and streamlined which allows least resistance while moving in water.
(ii) The body is laterally compressed with a pointed head, body and’h tail.
(iii) The body is provided with the waterproof covering of scales.
(iv) Body is slimy because of mucous coating to reduce water tension.
(v) Fins are present for movement and swimming.

Question 3.
How is camel adapted to survive in a desert?
Answer:
Camel is adapted to live in a desert because of its following special features:
(i) A camel has long legs which help to keep its body away from the hot sand in the desert.
(ii) A camel can drink large amount of water when it is available and store it in the body.
(iii) A camel’s body is adapted to save water in the dry desert. A camel passes small amount of urine, its dung is dry and it does not sweat. Since a camel loses very little water from its body, it can live for many days without drinking water.
(iv) A camel’s hump has ‘fat’ stored in it. In case of emergency, a camel break down stored fat to obtain water.
(v) A camel has large and flat feet which help it to walk easily on soft sand by preventing it from sinking into the sand.

The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Habitat is a place where living organisms live.
• When plants and animals live in water, it is called aquatic habitat and when they live on land is called terrestrial or land habitat.
• Habitat comprises of two components that is biotic components which include living organisms such as plants, animals and micro-organisms and abiotic components which are non-living such as air, water, light and soil.
• Plants prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Animals depend on plants for their food directly or indirectly.
• Abiotic components such as air, light, water, soil and temperature affect the distribution of plants and animals.
• These biotic and abiotic components are inter-related and inter-dependent on each other.
• Light is necessary for all living organisms. They cannot survive without light. Plants prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight by the process of photo-synthesis. All animals depend for their food on plants.
• Light also affects animals. Animals live in caves and burrows have very much reduced eyes. Amblyopsis, a cave dwelling fish, do not have eyes. Some animals such as bats and owls are active during night. These are called noctural animals.
• Temperature’s effects differ in different habitats. Different plants and animals find different temperature habitat. They suit themselves to adopt some modifications.
• The area where rain fall is very low, is called desert and plants growing there are called xerophyts. They have a long and extensive system. Their leaves are reduced. Camels live in, desert.
• Some animals live in very cold places. Yak and polar bear and penguins etc. lives in very cold places.
• The plants growing in water may be submerged or partially submerged. These plants are called hydrophytes. Plants are best suited to water by the presence of air storage parts in the stem and petioles to give a buoyancy to plant for floating. Such as water lily and Water Hyacinth etc.
• In ocean and sea water habitats, we observe phytoplanktons which include all floating plants such as algae and sea weeds. Large number of animals such as corals, star fish and urchins live in sea bottom. They adopt to live in water.
• Soil is another important abiotic factor which provides support to plants. Many animals live in soils. Soil contains air and water.
• Air is also very important abiotic factor. Plants and animals cannot survive without air.
• Biotic components such as plants, animals and microorganisms are influenced by abiotic factors or physical factors such as air, light and temperature in different ways.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

HBSE 6th Class Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Give two examples each of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Modes of transport used are:
(i) Land: Buses, railways, cars etc.
(ii) Water: Boats, ships.
(iii) Air: Air planes, gas balloons, etc.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) One metre is ………….. cm.
(ii) Five kilometres is ………….. m.
(iii) Motion of a child on a swing is ……………. .
(iv) Motion of a needle of a swing machine is ………….. .
(v) Motion of a wheel of a bicycle is …………… .
Answer:
(i) 100
(ii) 5000
(iii) oscillatory motion
(iv) oscillatory motion
(v) circular motion.

Question 3.
Why can a pace or a foot step not be used as a standard unit of length?
Answer:
The pace or foot step has different lengths for different persons. So they cannot be used as a standard unit of length.

Question 4.
Arrange the following lengths in their increasing magnitude:
1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.
Answer:
1 millimetre > 1 centimetre > 1 metre > kilometre.

Question 5.
The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Answer:
(i) 165 centimetre
(ii) 1650 millimetre.

Question 6.
The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into kilometre.
Answer:
3.250 kilometre.

Question 7.
While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of needle?
Answer:
Length of needle = 33.1 cm
(-) 03.0 cm
= 30.1 m

Question 8.
Write the similarity and dissimilarity between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has been switched on.
Answer:
The motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan are in circular motion. Thus both show similar motion. But the ceiling fan moves without changing its position while the bicycle moves with changing its position with time. This shows dissimilarities between two motions.

Question 9.
Why could you not use an elastic measuring tape to measure distance? What would be some of the problems you would meet in telling someone about a distance you measured with an elastic tape?
Answer:
We should not use elastic measuring tape to measure distance because the length of the measuring tape will increase when we pull or stretch the tape for measuring the length. The length may increase or decrease due to its elasticity. So we cannot measure the correct length by elastic measuring tape. The length measured by this tape either will be more or less depending on the elasticity of tape.

Question 10.
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
Examples of periodic motion:
(i) Motion of a pendulum.
(ii) Motion of a branch of a tree.
(iii) Motion of a child on a swing.

HBSE 6th Class Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give one example where your estimate about the length of an object may be wrong.
Answer:
To measure the length of a table with stretched palm.

Question 2.
Give two examples of measurements that you make in your daily life.
Answer:
(i) To measure the length of cloth before sewing.
(ii) To measure the weight of vegetables before buying.

Question 3.
Name the S.I. unit of length.
Answer:
Metre (m).

Question 4.
Name the unit of length which should be used to express the thickness of a coin?
Answer:
Millimetre (mm).

Question 5.
What is measurement?
Answer:
The comparison of an unknown quantity with a standard known quantity is known as measurement.

Question 6.
Define unit.
Answer:
A quantity adopted as a standard of measurements of a physical quantity is called a unit.

Question 7.
What is a year?
Answer:
Time taken by the earth to revolve around the sun is called a year.

Question 8.
Name two devices used to measure length.
Answer:
(i) Metre scale
(ii) Screw gauge.

Question 9.
If you are sitting in a moving bus, you are at rest or in motion?
Answer:
We are in motion.

Question 10.
Is your class room at rest or in motion?
Answer:
The class room is at rest.

Question 11.
Is the hour is hand of a wall- clock at rest or in motion?
Answer:
Hour’s hand of the wall-dock is in motion.

Question 12.
What type of motion do the vehicles on a straight road perform?
Answer:
The vehicle motion is linear.

Question 13.
What type of motion do the wheels of a bicycle perform?
Answer:
Circular motion.

Question 14.
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
(i) Rotation of the earth on its axis.
(ii) Moon moves around the sun.

Question 15.
Give one example of an object changing their speed while in motion.
Answer:
Wind changes the speed of man while running with open umbrella.

Question 16.
Name two types of motion.
Answer:
(i) Circular motion
(ii) Oscillatory motion.

Question 17.
Give two examples of rectilinear motion.
Answer:
(i) A bullet fired from a rifle.
(ii) A boy sliding down a slope.

Question 18.
Give two examples of rotational motion.
Answer:
(i) The motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
(ii) Seconds hand in a clock.

Question 19.
What is motion?
Answer:
A body is said to be in motion when it changes its position with time.

Question 20.
Give two examples of linear motion.
Answer:
(i) Motion of bus in a straight line.
(ii) Motion of bullet.

Question 21.
Give an example of objects which move in a line.
Answer:
Falling of a ball freely.

Question 22.
Give an example of objects which move in a circle.
Answer:
Spinning wheel, blades of fan.

Question 23.
Give an example 9f objects which move to and fro.
Answer:
Pendulum of a wall clock.

Question 24.
Define translatory motion.
Answer:
Wheel of a car.

Question 25.
Give one example of rotatory motion.
Answer:
Spinning of a top, spinning wheel’s.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
State two precautions which you should take while using a metre-scale to measure the length of an object.
Answer:
(i) The scale should be placed along the length to measure. It should be very close to the objects to be measured.
(ii) Eye must be kept vertical above the end point of the object or point where the measurement is taken.

Question 2.
How do you measure the circumference of a one-rupee coin?
Answer:
To measure the circumference of coin wrap the thread around the coin. The length of the thread can be measured with the help of a metre scale.

Question 3.
Describe a method you would use to measure the thickness of a thin wire with the help of a metre scale.
Answer:
Wrap say 25 turns of thin wire around a pencil and see that the wrap should be very close to one another. The wire would form a coil. With the help of meter scale, measure the length of wire and divide it by total number of turns. It will be the thick-ness of a thin wire.

Question 4.
Write three rules which should be observed while writing symbols for S.I. units.
Answer:
Rules to be observed while writing S.I. units and their symbols:
(i) Symbols for units of quantities are to be written with a small letter. For example: symbol of Metre-m.
(ii) Symbol of unit named after a scientist is to be written in capital letters. Examples: Symbol for Kelvin-K.
(iii) Symbols for units are not to be followed by full stop. For example: Symbol for metre is m (and not m.)

Question 5.
Define circular motion.
Answer:
When the object moves along a circular track around a fixed axis. It is said to be in circular motion. Examples: Spinning top and spinning wheel.

Question 6.
Define oscillatory motion.
Answer:
A to and fro motion about its mean position is known as oscillatory motion.

Question 7.
Give some examples of oscillatory motion.
Answer:
Motion of a pendulum, motion of swing etc.

Question 8.
Give an example of objects for each of the following:
1. Object which moves in a line.
2. Object which moves in a circle.
3. Object which has a periodic motion.
Answer:
1. Light comes from the sun.
2. Movement of marry go around.
3. Motion of earth around the sun in one year.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by a standard unit of measurement? Why is it necessary to have standard units of measurement? Name the SI unit of length. Write its symbol.
Answer:
Standard unit of measurement: A unit of measurement which has a fixed value which does not change from person to person or place to place, is called a standard unit of measurement.

It is necessary to have standard units of measurements for the sake of uniformity in measurements.
S.I. unit of length is metre. Its symbol of metre is m.

Question 2.
State the precautions which should be taken while using a metre scale to measure the length of an object (like a post card).
Answer:
Precautions to be taken while using a scale:
1. The scale should be placed parallel to the side of the object being measured. It should also be in a touch with the object being measured.
In Fig. 10.18(a) the scale is placed parallel to the side AB of the card which is to be measured. So, this is the correct placement of scale. This will give the correct reading for the length of card. From Fig. 10.18(a) we can see that the correct value of the length of card is 4.2 cm.

In Fig. 10.18(6), however, the scale is not exactly parallel to the side AB of the card being measured. So, it is a wrong placement of the scale. In this case the scale will give a wrong reading for the length of card (which will be greater than the actual length). For example, in Fig. 10.18(6), the scale shows a reading of 4.3 cm for the length of card, which is wrong.

2. While reading the scale, the eye must be placed vertically above the scale mark being read. If the eye is not vertically above the scale mark being read, then the reading becomes wrong.

In Fig. 10.19, the correct position of eye for reading the scale mark on the right side end of the card is at ‘A’ which is vertically above the scale mark being read. So, in Fig. 10.19, the correct reading of length of card from position A is 4.2 cm.

If we read the scale by keeping our eye somewhat towards left side at position B, then the scale reading appears to be 4.3 cm. And if the eye is kept at position C on the right side, then the scale reading appears to be 4.1 cm. The scale readings of 4.3 cm and 4.1 cm taken by keeping eye at positions B and C are wrong.

3. If the scale has a damaged zero mark or broken left end, measure the length of ah object starting from 1 cm mark of scale and then subtract 1 cm from the reading taken at the right end to get the actual length of object.

Question 3.
What is meant by: (a) circular motion and (b) rotational motion? Give two examples of circular motion and two examples of rotational motion.
Answer:
(a) Circular motion:
When an object moves along a circular path, it is called circular motion.
Examples:
(i) The movement of moon around the earth.
(ii) The move of earth around the sun:

(b) Rotational motion:
When an object turns (or spins) about a fixed axis, it is called rotational motion.
Examples:
(i) The motion of a spinning top.
(ii) The spinning of earth on its axis.

Question 4.
When an object is said to be in motion? Explain with the help of an example. State any four types of motion.
Answer:
An object is said to be in motion when its position changes with time. For example, when the position of a car changes with time, we say that car is moving or that the car is in motion. In Fig. 10.20, we see a car at position A in front of a house and tree at a particular urne. After 5 seconds we see the saine car at position B this quit far away from the house. This means that the position of this car is changing with time. So, we say that this car is in motion.
Four types of motion are:
(i) Rectilinear motion
(ii) Circular motion
(iii) Rotational motion and
(iv) Periodic motion.
(i) Rectilinear motion: Motion in a straight line is called rectilinear motion.
(ii) Circular motion: When an object moves along a circular path is called circular motion.
(iii) Rotational motion: When an object turns (or spins) about a fixed axis, it is called rotational motion.
(iv) Periodic motion: The motion which repeats itself after regular intetvals of time, is called periodic motion.

Question 5.
Give a method to measure the length of a pencil.
Answer:
To measure the length of a pencil, we choose a metre scale which should be placed along its length. In Fig. 10.21, zero mark on the scale coincides with the one end of the pencil and the reading coinciding with the other end of the pencil is taken. Since the ruler has some thickness, we may make an error if the eye is not correctly placed. The eye is to be placed exactly above the point where the measurement is to be taken as shown in Fig. 10.21 from the position A. The other end of the pencil coincides with 8.5 cm mark. The length of the pencil is 8.5 cm.

Motion and Measurement of Distances Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Different modes of transport are used to go from one place to another.
• In ancient times, people used length of a foot, the width of a finger and the distance of a step etc. as units of measurements. This caused confusion and a need to develop a uniform system of measurement arose.
• Now we use international system of unit (S.I. unit). This is accepted all over the world. 7.
• Metre is the unit of length in S.I, unit.
• Motion is the change in the position of an object. Motion may be rectilineal’, circular, rotational or
• periodic. gs
• Need of standard units: In ancient times, people used foot, arm, stretched palm as units of lengths. These methods were not satisfactory, because length of arm, foot and stretched palm vary from person to person. However if there are different units of length in the different parts of the world, it is very inconvenient for the exchange of scientific informations. Thus the need of standard units were felt. The unit which people agree to use as a basic unit for measurements, becomes a standard unit for that group of people for the sake of uniformity. Scientists all over the world have accepted following the standard unit for measuring length.
• The standard unit of length is metre. Its sub units are:
  10 mm = 1 cm, 100 cm = 1 metre,
  1000 m = 1 km, 3 x 10⁸ m = 1 light year.
• Measurements of length: In the S.I. system, the length is measured in unit metre (m). It is defined as the distance at 0°C between two lines drawn on a platinum irridium rod kept in the international bureau of weights and measure at screws near Paris. The following table shows the units of length and their relations to metre:

Unit of length	Symbol	Value in metre
1. Decimetre	dm	0.1 or 10-1 m
2. Centimetre	cm	0.01 or 10-2 m
3. Millimetre	mm	0.001 or 10-3 m
4. Micro-metre	pm	0.000001 or HHm.

• Rules for measuring length correctly:
  → Fig. 10.1 shows the correct position of the scale:
  
  → To measure the length of the block. It is necessary to place the scale along the length you want to measure more than the actual length.
  → The eye must be placed directly above the points you are reading otherwise there will be an error due to parallex. The magnitude of the error is minimum when the scale is next to the point. The error increases as the distance of scale from the object increases.
  → While measuring the length of an object, if one end of that lies somewhere between few mm marks of the scale. If it is more than 1/2 mm, count it 1 mm or if less than 1/2, neglect it.
  → If the zero mark of the scale is damaged or edge of scale is not smooth, then start measuring from another mark. The difference between two marks gives its correct length.
  → To minimise the error due to wrong marking on the measuring scale, measure the length several times, using different parts of the measuring scale and take average to get nearest correct length.
• Measuring the length of a curved line: To measure the length of a curved line, we can use a thread or a divider from the geometry box.
  → Use a thread to measure the length of curved line AB (Fig. 11.4). Put a knot on the thread near one of its end and place this knot on point A. Now with the help of thumb and finger place a small portion of thread along the line. Now move the thumb which is towards the point A little further so that it takes the position of other thumb next portion of the line. Repeat this process till last end point B is reached.
  → Now, stretched the thread along a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and the mark on the thread. This gives the length of the curved line.
• Motion is a state in which an object is steady or is at rest and the other object is moving. Motion may be rectilinear, circular, rotational or periodic.
• Periodic motion: Motion of a pendulum or motion of a branch of tree are examples of periodic motion. In such type of motion an object repeats its motion after a fixed interval of time.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection

HBSE 6th Class Science Light Shadows and Reflection Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Rearrange the boxes given below to make a sentence that helps us understand opaque objects.

Answer:

OPA

QUE

OBJE

CTS

MAK

E              S

HAD

OWS

Question 2.
Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent and luminous or non-luminous:
Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a mirror, a wooden board, a sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, a flame of a gas burner, a sheet of card board, a lighted torch, a sheet of cellophone, a mix mesh, kerosene stone, sun, firefly, moon.
Answer:
(i) Opaque things: A piece of rock, a sheet of aluminum, a mirror, a wooden board, a wall, a sheet xrd board.
(ii) Transparent things: Air, water, a sheet of plane glass.
(iii) Translucent things: A sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, fog, a sheet of carbon paper, a sheet of cellphone.
(iv) Luminous things: A piece of red hot iron, a lighted fluorescent tube, the flame of a gas burner, a lighted torch, sun, fixfly, moon.
(v) Non-luminous things: An umbrella, a wire mesh, kerosene stove.

Question 3.
Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way?
Answer:
Yes, we can think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a rectmigular shadow if held in another way. If we held a round card board in front of source of light, it will create a round shadow on the ground and if we turn it at some other position, then it creats a rectangular shadow.

Question 4.
In a completely dark room, if you hold up a mirror in front of you, will you see a right-left inverted image of yourself in the mirror?
Answer:
In a completely dark room, we cannot see our right-left inverted image in the mirror, because there is no mrce of light and we only can see our image in the mirror, when light is reflected from the mirror.

HBSE 6th Class Science Light Shadows and Reflection Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Does the flame of a gas stove emit light?
Answer:
Yes, a gas stove flame emits light.

Question 2.
Give one example of a living thing which emits light.
Answer:
Firefly (Jugnu) is a living source of light.

Question 3.
Give the names of four different sources of light.
Answer:
Sources of light are: Sun, stars, firefly, electric bulb etc.

Question 4.
How does light travel from one point to the other?
Answer:
Light travels from one point to other in straight line.

Question 5.
What is the shape of the shadow?
Answer:
It is similar to the object which forms shadow.

Question 6.
How are shadows formed?
Answer:
Light coming from the source of light falling on the objects obstructed by the objects and does not go ahead. So a shadow is formed.

Question 7.
Are the edges of shadow sharp and distinct?
Answer:
Yes, the edges of the shadow are sharp and distinct.

Question 8.
Does the direction of shadow change during the day?
Answer:
Yes, the direction of shadow changes because the position of the sun changes during the day.

Question 9.
Does, the length of shadow change from season to season?
Answer:
Yes. The length of shadow changes from season to season.

Question 10.
What is a shadow?
Answer:
A dark patch formed behind an opaque object when it is placed in the path of light is called a shadow.

Question 11.
What is umbra?
Answer:
A region of total darkness is called umbra. No ray of light enters this region.

Question 12.
Define penumbra.
Answer:
A region of partial darkness which surrounds the umbra is called penumbra, some light rays reach this region.

Question 13.
What do we call a body that shines of its own?
Answer:
Luminous body.

Question 14.
Name one transparent and one opaque body.
Answer:
Trasparent air, glass, stone, wood (opaque).

Question 15.
What do we call a substance through which light can pass?
Answer:
Transparent substances.

Question 16.
Define opaque substance?
Answer:
The substance through which no light can pass.

Question 17.
Name two translucent substances.
Answer:
Glazed paper, oil paper.

Question 18.
Name two opaque substances.
Answer:
Ordinary paper, rubber sheet.

Question 19.
Name two cold sources of light.
Answer:
Firefly, tube light.

Question 20.
Define reflection of light.
Answer:
When a beam of light is incident on a smooth surface, apart of it os scattered back into the same medium, it is called reflection.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name any four artificial sources to scattering of fight. The air around the objects of light. allows this scattered fight to pass through it and
Answer:
1. Candle,
2. the oil jaino
3. tube
4. toren
5.electric bulb.

Question 2.
Why do objects in a room become transparent, translucent and opaque objects: visible even if sunlight does not enter it?
Answer:
The objects in a room become visible even if the sunlight dose not enter the room, due to scattering of light. The air around the objects allows this scattered light to pass through it and we can see the objects.

Question 3.
Classify the following into transparent, translucent and opaque objects: Wax, spectacle, a heap of salt, stone, dense smoke, wood, skin, balloon, rubber, membrane of tabla, blood, milk.
Answer:
Answer:
Transparent objects: Membrane of tabla, spectacles. Translucent objects: Dense smoke, blood, wax, balloon. Opaque objects: Stone, wood, rubber, milk

Question 4.
How will you convert a transparent glass sheet into a translucent sheet. Suggest any two ways.
Answer:
(i) By covering one side by butter paper.
(ii) By covering one side by thin sheet of plastics.

Question 5.
State the difference between umbra and penumbra.
Answer:

Umbra	Penumbra
When we switch a torch in a dark room and place a ball in front of the torch, the shadow forms two parts. The central circular path is quite dark and this region is called umbra.	The dark circular path is surrounded by a less dark portion. This shadow part is called penumbra.

Question 6.
Define regular reflection.
Answer:
When a beam of light falls on a smooth and polished surface, then regular reflection takes place. The smooth surface gives a clear image due to regular reflection. Example: Reflection from a plane mirror.

Question 7.
State laws of reflection.
Answer:
Laws of reflection:
(i) The angle of incidents is equal to the angle of reflection.
(ii) The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal are in the same plane.

Question 8.
Name the features of the image formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
(i) The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
(ii) It is exactly the same size and shape.
(iii) Image is virtual.
(iv) It is erect but laterally inverted.

Question 9.
Give two effects of light on plants.
Answer:
(i) Plants use light energy to prepare their own food.
(ii) The tips or short apex of a photogenic plant moves towards it. Light acts as a stimulus to plants.

Question 10.
State two differences between transparent and translucent objects.
Answer:

Transparent objects	Translucent objects
1. They allow light to pass through them easily.	1. It allows a part of light to pass through it.
2. Objects can be seen easily through them.	2. Objects through them can only be seen dimly.

Question 11.
Distinguish between regular and irregular reflection.
Answer:

Regular reflection	Irregular reflection
1. It takes place on a smooth and polished surface.	1. It takes place on a rough surface.
2. The image is formed after reflection.	2. No image is formed after reflection.
3. Light is reflected back in a definite direction into the same medium	3. Light is scattered back into the same medium in all directions.

Question 12.
What is lateral inversion?
Answer:
When we look in a plane mirror, we see the image of the objects placed in front of it. The left of the qbject becomes right of the image and the right of the objects becomes left of the image. This is called lateral inversion.

Question 13.
Why is firefly considered to be a cold source of light?
Answer:
The energy of some chemical reactions within the firefly is released not as heat but as light hence it is called a cold source of light.

Question 14.
Does the length of a shadow change during the day?
Answer:
Yes, the length of a shadow changes during a day. It is longer in the morning. After that it begins to decrease and it is shortest at 12.00 noon. Then begins to increase in length again.

Question 15.
Under what special circumstances, light does not travel in straight line?
Answer:
If the size of the object in the path of light is very small (0.0001 cm/less) light bends at the edge of the object. Thus in such case, light does not travel in straight line.

Question 16.
What would be the shape of an object so that it will cast no shadows on the ground in the light of sun?
Answer:
An object casts no shadow (or very little shadow) on the ground in sunlight when it is either transparent or it is at such a height from the earth that the umbra does not reach the surface of the earth. .

Question 17.
Why is your shadow longest at sunrise and shortest at noon?
Answer:
In the morning at the time of sunrise and in the evening at the time of sunset light rays falling on the earth are not straight. They are inclined. This is why our shadow at this time both (morning and evening) is the longest. At noon the sun is just over above our head and sun-rays fall vertically on the earth. Due to the vertical sun-rays, our shadow formed at noon is the shortest.

Question 18.
What does an object do when light falls on it?
Answer:
It may allow to pass the light through or it may completely cut the light from passing through by absorbing the light or it may scatter the light incident on it.

Question 19.
Why is silvered glass used as a mirror?
Answer:
The silvered glass has a smooth surface and the smoothness helps in forming clear image. Silvering makes it shiny and the shiny surface helps in reducing the absorption.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the structure and working of a pin-hole camera.
Answer:
Pin-hole camera: It is a simple application of the rectilinear propagation of light.
Construction:
It consists of a rectangular card board box, such that its one side is made of ground glass screen, the side opposite to ground glass has a hole in the middle, whose size is equal to the pin-head of a common pin. The box is blackened from inside, so as to absorb any light falling on its walls.

Working:
(1) Consider a lighted candle AB, in front of pin-hole camera. The rays starting from points of candles, travel in all directions.
(2) A ray of light starting from point ‘A’ along with AH after passing through the pin-hole falls on ground glass screen at point ‘A’.
Similarly another ray starting from point ‘B’ along with BH after passing through the pin-hole will fall on ground glass screen at point ‘Bj
(3) A1B1 is the image of AB. The image formed here is turned upside down, because light travels in straight line.

Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Light is an invisible energy which causes in us a sensation of vision. Though it cannot be seen, it unables us to see things.
• An object which emits light is called a source of light. Sources of light are natural as well as artificial. Sun is the main and brightest source of light. Stars, and jugnu (glow worm) and some fish also emit light.
• Artificial sources of light are man-made sources such as candles, lantern, gas lamps and electric bulbs. Bodies are visible only by ’ the light they send to our eyes. They may be luminous and non-luminous sources.
• Light travels in a straight line, which is called rectilinear propagation of light. It explains the formation of the image of an object in a pin-hole camera.
• When light falls on an object, three things can happen:
  → It is almost completely transmitted through the object.
  → Only one part of it may be transmitted and the rest is absorbed or spread out.
  → It may not be allow’ed to pass through at all. On this basis, we can classify the materials into three categories.
• Transparent materials, which allow light to pass through them and through which we can see clearly are known as transparent materials. Examples: Air, water, glass etc.
• Translucent materials: Substances through which light can pass partially and through which we cannot see clearly are called translucent materials. Examples: Wax paper, butter paper, greased paper etc.
• Opaque materials: Substances which do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque substances. We cannot see through them wood, stone etc.
• In the presence of light, opaque objects act as obstacles to propagate light and form in shadows behind them in the form of umbra and penumbra. The region of space where light from the source does not reach and hence the darkest region is called umbra.
• The region where the light does not reach from all parts of the source is called penumbra.
• When light falls on a smooth surface, they change their direction in a well defined manner, called regular reflection.
• There are two laws of reflection:
  → Angle ofincidence is equal to angle of reflection.
  → Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.
• In a plane mirror, the reflected rays appears to come from some objects kept behind the mirror. This is called a virtual image. A real image can be obtained on a screen.
• Luminous objects. Objects which emit light their own are called luminous objects. Sun, stars, firefly, burning candle, electric bulb and gas lamps are examples of luminous objects. One lumin is the luminous flux of that source whose illuminating power is 1/4rc candela. The brightness is the property measured in units called foot candles. The modern unit now is lux. 1 Foot candle = 10.76 lux.
• Light travels in straight lines:
  → Take three pieces of a card board. Use supports to make them stand vertically on the table.
  → Make holes A, B, C in each of them such that the holes are in one straight line.
  → Now place a candle near hole A at the same height as the hole in the card board.
  → Now see from C. You will notice that the flame of the candle is visible. Now displace one of the card boards from its position so that the holes are no longer in a straight line. The flame is not visible.
  This activity shows that light from the candle travels in a straight line from the candle to the eyes.
• Formation of shadows: Shadows are formed when light is obstructed by objects. An opaque object casts a dark shadow, translucent casts a weak shadow and transparent objects cast no shadows.
  A shadow of the object is formed in the direction opposite to the side of the source of light. Take a wooden stick about half a metre long. Fix one end of it in open ground where there are no trees and buildings near it. Look its shadow in the morning and mark its points of shadow. Note the direction of sun with respect to the stick. It is formed opposite to the direction of sun.
  Again look at the shadow at about 11 a.m. and then about 2 p.m. At 11 a.m. the shadow formed is on the same side and about 2 p.m. shadow is formed in a direction opposite to that seen in the morning.
• Conclusion:
  → A shadow of an object is formed in the direction opposite to the side of the source of light.
  → Shadow moves according to the movement of sources of light or objects.
  → The length of shadow changes with time.
• Reflection of light: When a beam of light strikes on a plane surface a part of it is turned back into the same direction, it is called reflection.
• On a polished surface, regular reflection takes place and on rough surface irregular reflection takes place.
• Lateral inversion: When we look in a plane mirror, we see the image of the objects placed in front of it. The left of the objects become right and right of the objects become left of the image. Left hand side appears right handside in the image. This is called lateral inversion.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Answer:
No, we know that different organisms eat different kinds of food. For example: animals such as buffallow and cow eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf. Rat eats grains and leftovers. Lion and tiger eat other animals. Human being eats bread, rice, fruits and vegetables. House lizards eat small insects and crow eats meat and other food items. In this way we can say that different organisms eat different kinds of food.

Question 2.
Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Answer:

Names of the plants	Parts that we eat
1. Mustard plant	Seeds, (spices) oil and leaf.
2. Brinjal	Fruits
3. Carrot	Roots
4. Lotus	Stem and Leaf.
5. Radish	Leafs and roots.

Question 3.
Match the items given in column ‘A’ with that in column ‘B’.

Column A	Column B
1. Milk, curd, paneer, ghee	eat other animals.
2 .Spinach, cauliflower, carrot	eat plants and plants products.
3. Lions & tigers	are vegetables
4. Herbivorous	are all animals products.

Answer:

• Milk, curd, paneer, ghee : are all animal products.
• Spinach, cauliflower carrot : are vegetables.
• Lions and tigers : eat other animals.
• Herbovorous : eat plants and plant products.

Question 4.
Fill up the blanks with the words given:
Herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore
(a) Tiger is a ________ because it eats only meat.
(b) Deer eats only plant products and so, is called ________.
(c) Parrot eats only ________ products.
(d) The ________ that we drink usually comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal products.
(e) We get sugar from ________.
Answer:
(a) Carnivore
(b) herbivore
(c) plant
(d) milk
(e) sugarcane.

Things To Think About

Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Does every one around us get enough food to eat? Why?
(b) Write three ways how to avoid wastage of food?
Answer:
(a) Everyone around us does not get enough food to eat, because in our country many people are very poor. Due to lack of money, they do not get sufficient food to eat. High population growth is another factor and our country does not produce enough food for large number of people.

(b) Wastage of food can be prevented by the following methods :

• Food should be kept in close containers to protect it from germs, flies and insects.
• Fruits and vegetables should be washed properly before preparing food or before eating.
• Heating prevents food from spoiling. Many food items can be preserved simply by drying them in the sun.
• Food should be kept in ice box or refrigerators to prevent them from bacterial attack.
• Fruits and vegetables are made into jams and jelleys and pickels.

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
If a person does not get food, how does he feel?
Answer:
If a person does not get food, he feels weak and tired.

Question 2.
Why do all living beings need food?
Answer:
All living beings need food for getting energy for doing physical work.

Question 3.
If we do not eat food for one day, what will happen?
Answer:
Our ability for doing physical work will go down.

Question 4.
Do all living beings eat same type of food?
Answer:
No, all living beings eat different types of foods.

Question 5.
Which types of foods are eaten by buffalo and cow?
Answer:
They eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf.

Question 6.
Name three animals which eat only plants.
Answer:

• Cow
• Deer
• Goat.

Question 7.
Name three animals which eat both plants and animals.
Answer:

• Man
• Dog
• Crow.

Question 8.
Name three animals which eat only other animals.
Answer:

• Tiger
• King-fisher
• Vulture.

Question 9.
What is the food of a house lizard?
Answer:
A house lizard eats houseflies, mosquitoes and other insects.

Question 10.
What is the food of a cat?
Answer:
A cat eats small animals, birds, milk, fish and rat etc.

Question 11.
What are those animals called which eat plants and their products only?
Answer:
They are called herbivorous.

Question 12.
Which food items provide us energy?
Answer:
Carbohydrate and fats.

Question 13.
Name two body-building foods.
Answer:

• Milk
• Pulses.

Question 14.
What do carnivorous animals eat?
Answer:
Carnivorous animals eat other animals.

Question 15.
Name three food products we obtain from animals.
Answer:

• Milk
• egg
• meat.

Question 16.
Name three animals that provide us food.
Answer:

• Cow
• buffalo
• goat.

Question 17.
Where do we get honey?
Answer:
We get honey from honey-bees, which is collected from juice of flowers.

Question 18.
Which animals provide us milk and eggs?
Answer:

• Cow and buffalo
• hen.

Question 19.
Write down the names of some edible parts of the plants.
Answer:
Stem, roots and leaves.

Question 20.
Why do we take cooked food?
Answer:
Cooked food can easily be consumed and absorbed by our body.

Question 21.
Name two plants which provide us grains.
Answer:

• Rice
• wheat

Question 22.
Name two oil-yielding plants.
Answer:

• Mustard
• sunflower.

Question 23.
Name three fruit plants.
Answer:

• Mango tree
• papaya
• grapes.

Question 24.
Which type of food eaten by Tamilnadu people?
Answer:
Idli, dosa, sambar and coconut oil.

Question 25.
Which type of food eaten by U.P. people?
Answer:
Chapati, pulses, rice, parantha and vegetables and fruits.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the different food products obtained from animals?
Answer:
Different food products obtained from animals are milk, egg, honey eat butter, honey, ghee, etc.

Question 2.
Name the animals which provide us milk, egg, meat, honey and fats.
Answer:
We get milk from cow, buffalo, goat and sheep. Eggs are provided to us from hens. Honey is obtained from honey-bees. Meat provided to us from cock, hen, deer, rabbit and buffalo etc. They also provide us fats such as pigs.

Question 3.
From which plants we obtained grains, pulses, oils and fruits? Name two each plants.
Answer:

• Grains : We obtain from rice, wheat and maize, etc.
• Pulses : We get from urad, moong, masoor and gram. etc.
• Oils: Oil yielding plants are mustard, sunflower etc.
• Fruits: Mango, orange, lichi and guava etc.

Question 4.
Name the plants from which we obtained vegetables?
Answer:
We obtain vegetables from carrot, radish, cauliflower, brinjal, cabbage and mustard plants. We obtained vegetables from their roots, stems leaves and fruits.

Question 5.
How is ghee prepared from cow milk?
Answer:
Cow milk is heated and curd is mixed in it. It is then centrifuged to obtain cream. Cream is converted to butter and after heating and filtering we obtain ghee.

Question 6.
Name six plant products which are useful to man.
Answer:
The products of plants which are useful to man are food : such as grains, pulses, oils, fruits and vegetables. We also get different type of spices from plants. We get wood, wax, lakh, silk and fibres from plants. There are so many products which are useful to mankind.

Question 7.
Name some animal products which are useful to man.
Answer:
We obtain many products from , animals. We obtain milk, eggs and meat from different animals. Many animals provide skin and ^ bones which we use in making shoes and fertilizers. Animal wastes are used as manures for improving ‘ soil fertility. They also provide us wool.

Question 8.
Why does our body need nutritious food?
Answer:
The nutritious food protects our body from many diseases and helps in building our body parts. It also helps in digestion and keep our body healthy.

Question 9.
What are the essential nutrients of our body?
Answer:
The essential nutrients of our body are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• fats
• vitamins
• minerals.

Question 10.
Why do we need carbohydrate?
Answer:
Carbohydrates such as wheat, rice, sugar and potato give us energy. We need energy for doing physical work. This energy is obtained . from carbohydrates. So it is necessary to take carbohydrates in our diet.

Question 11.
Which important mineral does milk give us? Why is it useful?
Answer:
Milk provides us an important mineral; proteins. It is necessary for the building of our ‘ body. Children’s growth and development depends upon proteins. Proteins also help in digestion. Protein also helps in the repairing of our body parts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write five steps to avoid wastage of food.
Answer:
Steps to avoid wastage of food :

• All concerned must ensure that at every stage of food production, it does not get wasted, spoiled or eaten away by birds, rats and insects.
• During storage it must be protected from spoilage or from being eaten away by rodents and insects.
• While taking our meals ensure that we take only that much quantity of food which we can eat. Nothing should be left in the plate.
• We should eat only that much food which is good for us. Excess intake of food causes obesity.
• We should eat food which is easily available in the region and is seasonal.

Question 2.
What food materials come from animals?
Answer:
Food obtained from animals includes meat, fish, milk, eggs and honey.

• Meat: We get meat from animals such as goat (mutton) and chicken.
• Fish: Many kinds of fish are eaten. Fishes may be fresh water or sea water fish. The quality of food of both types of fish is good.
• Milk : We get milk from animals such as cow, goat and buffalo. Milk is used to make products such as cottage cheese (paneer), cheese, butter, cufds and ghee.
• Eggs : We get eggs from birds such as hen, goose and duck.
• Honey : We get honey from the hive of. honey bees. Honey bees prepare honey using nectar from flowers.

Food: Where does it Come From Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. Food : All living things need energy to do work; they get this energy from the food they eat.

2. Food produces energy which is required to perform various functions to sustain life. It helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues.

3. It makes necessary materials for growth and development and reproduction. It also protects our body from disease and infections.

4. Nutrients: All the elements of food such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and water and vitamins are essential for maintaining the life process in human
beings, so they are also called nutrients. The amount of various nutrients are different in different foods.

5. Foods are classified on the basis of their action:

• Energy-giving foods (Carbohydrates and fats): Wheat, rice, sugar, potato, oil, ghee, butter, etc.
• Body-building food : (Proteins) : It provides to the body which helps in growth, development, repair and maintenance; milk, pulses, eggs, meat.
• Protective food: This kind of food protects us from some diseases. We get these from fruits, green vegetables and other vegetables.

6. (a) Carbohydrate-rich food : Wheat, rice, potato, sugar, etc.
(b) Protein-rich food: Egg, milk, meat, fish, pulses etc.
(c) Fat-rich food : Oil, ghee, butter, groundnut etc.
(d) Vitamin-containing food: Fruits, green leafy vegetables.
(e) Mineral-containing food: Meat, fish, egg, pulses, etc.

7. On the basis of food habits, animals are divided into three major divisions :
(a) Herbivorous animals : Animals which eat plants or plant products only are called herbivorous animals. Example : Buffalo, cow etc. .

(b) Carnivorous animals : Animals which eat animals that eat plants. Example: Lizard, tiger, frog, vulture etc.

(c) Omnivorous animals : Animals which eat both animals and plants are called omnivorous. Example : Man, crow, dog, cat, etc.

8. There is a variety in the kind of food consumed even within a state.

9. We should grow more food.

10. All of us should use easily and cheaply available food in the region.

11. The food that we produce should not get spoiled or eaten away by animals.

12. Meat, egg and milk are obtained from animals. There are many such animals which provide us food.

13. Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis and all animals depend for their food directly or indirectly upon plants.

14. Water constitutes 70% of our body weight and is an important constituent of all body cells.

15. Roughage: Fibrous indigestable materials present in a food is termed as roughage.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Body Movements Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Body Movements

HBSE 6th Class Science Body Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Joints of the bones help in the ________ of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilage form the ________ of the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ________ joint.
(d) The contraction of the ________ pulls the bones during movement.
Answer:
(a) movement
(b) skeletal
(c) balls socket
(d) muscles

Question 2.
Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences :
(a) The movement and locomotion of all animals is exactly the same.
(b) The cartilage is harder than bones.
(c) The finger bones move in one plane.
(d) The forearm has two bones.
(e) The cockroach have an exoskeleton.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) True.

Question 3.
Match the items in column I with appropriate items of column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Upper jaw	(a) have fins on the body.
(ii) Fish	(b) has an outer skeleton.
(iii) Ribs	(c) can fly in the air.
(iv) Snail	(d) as an immovable joint.
(v) Cockroach	(e) protect the heart.
	(f) shows very slow movement
	(g) have a streamlined body.

Answer:
(i) (d)
(ii) (g)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (f)
(v) (c)

Question 4.
Answer the following:
(a) What is a ball and socket joint?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Why can our elbow not move backward?
Answer:
(a) The round end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone. Such a kind of joint allows movements in all directions. Such joints are called ball and socket joints.
Example : Joints between the upper arms and the shoulders; the thigh and hip joints.

(b) The facial bones of our skull comprises upper and lower jaw; in which lower jaws is movable.

(c) Our elbows have hinge joint. These joints allow movement only in one plane only like a door hinge and not more than 180 degrees.

HBSE 6th Class Science Body Movements Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define tissues.
Answer:
A group of similar cells to perform special functions are called tissues.

Question 2.
What is an organ?
Answer:
Different kinds of tissues group together to perform special function is called an organ.

Question 3.
Define organ system.
Answer:
A large number of related organs group together to form an organ system.
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ system → Human body.

Question 4.
Give two examples of organs.
Answer:
Heart, oesophagus.

Question 5.
Name two tissues.
Answer:
Muscles tissue, Nervous tissue.

Question 6.
Name any three sense organs of our body.
Answer:
Eyes, ears and nose.

Question 7.
What are the organs of respiration in man?
Answer:
Nostrils, trachea, bronchi, lungs and muscles.

Question 8.
Why do animals move?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another in search of food, mate and to defend themselves from enemies.

Question 9.
Where do the following animals live?
Whale, elephant and frog
Answer:
Water, forest, water.

Question 10.
Give the names of two vertebrate animals.
Answer:

• Man
• Horse.

Question 11.
Name two major groups of animals.
Answer:

• Vertebrate
• Non-vertebrate.

Question 12.
What is the function of hair in our nose?
Answer:
They prevent dust and smoke particles from entering enter our body.

Question 13.
Name the organs connected by food pipe.
Answer:
Larynx.

Question 14.
Name the pumping organ in our body.
Answer:
Heart.

Question 15.
Give the full form of RBC.
Answer:
Red blood corpuscles.

Question 16.
Name two single-celled animals.
Answer:
Amoeba, Paramecium.

Question 17.
Define the term “cell”.
Answer:
Structural and functional unit of life is called cell.

Question 18.
What is the normal rate of heart beat?
Answer:
70-72 beats per minute.

Question 19.
What are external organs?
Answer:
The organs which can be seen from outside are called external organs.

Question 20.
Name three external organs.
Answer:
Hand, leg and mouth.

Question 21.
How many organ systems do we have?
Answer:
We have ten organ systems.

Question 22.
What is our skeleton made up of?
Answer:
Our skeleton is made of bones and cartilage.

Question 23.
What is the main function of our skeleton system?
Answer:
It gives support to the body and protects the inner organs.

Question 24.
What are bones and cartilages?
Answer:
The hard structures are bones and cartilages are comparatively soft and elastic.

Question 25.
How many vertebrae are found in our back bone?
Answer:
The back bone is composed of 33 small ring-like vertebrae joined end to end.

Question 26.
What are the regions of a backbone?
Answer:
Back-bone has five regions. From the top they are neck, chest, belly, hip and tail.

Question 27.
Which bone forms the shoulder bone?
Answer:
Shoulder bone is formed by the collar bone and the shoulder blade.

Question 28.
Our forearm has bones.
Answer:
Two.

Question 29.
How are bones joined together?
Answer:
Bones are held together at joints by strong cords called ligaments.

Question 30.
What are hinge joints?
Answer:
These joints allow movement only in one plane not more than 180 degrees.,

Question 31.
How do muscles move the bones?
Answer:
The muscles move the bones by contraction.

Question 32.
Define movement.
Answer:
When organisms move their body parts without changing their position.

Question 33.
What is locomotion?
Answer:
When animals move from one place to another place. This kind of movement is called locomotion.

Question 34.
How do fishes move?
Answer:
They move with the help of tail fins and anal fins.

Question 35.
How does a cockroach move?
Answer:
Cockroach has distinct muscles attached with skeletal process. These muscles move the body.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define tissue, organ and organ system.
Answer:
→ Tissue : A group of similar cells to perform special functions. These group of cells are called tissues.

→ Organ: Groups of different kinds of tissues which perform special functions are called organs. Each organ of the body has a different structure.

→ Organ system: A large number of related organs together form an organ system. Cells → organ → organ system human body.

Question 2.
Give two examples of each : tissues and organs.
Answer:

• Tissues : Muscles tissues, Nerve tissues.
• Organ : Heart, stomach.

Question 3.
Why do animals move?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another place due to the following reasons:

• In search of food
• In search of mate and to protect from enemies.

Question 4.
What is the function of our brain?
Answer:
Brain controls our body activity. It is also the centre of memory and learning.

Question 5.
How does a cockroach move?
Answer:
Cockroach also walks and climbs on the wall and flies in the air. It has three pairs of joined legs attached to the breast region. These help in walking. It has distinct muscles in the breast region which move the wings during flight.

Question 6.
Are nails and hairs organs?
Answer:
No, our hairs and nails have important uses. They are produced by the skin, but they are not organs. Because as they grow, they become dead. They can be cut without pain or bleeding.

Question 7.
Define movement in snakes.
Answer:
Locomotion in snakes is like swimming on land. They make many loops at the sides. It is mainly the forward thrust to move forward. They also hitch the skin and body alternately dragging the ventral scales on the ground. Some snakes can swim well in water.

Question 8.
Define skeletal system.
Answer:
Our skeletal system is made up of many bones and cartilages. The bones are hard and cartilages are soft and elastic. It gives support to the body It protects internal organs. Together with muscles it gives shapes to our body. Narrow bone produces red blood cells and some white blood cells.

Question 9.
What are chest bones?
Answer:
Chest is a cone-shaped cage. It encloses the hearts and the lungs. At the back are the vertebrae 12 pairs of ribs curve round .the sides. Ribs are attached to the sides of each vertebrae. Ten of them are also attached by cartilage to the breast bone at the front. Two ribs are free. The ribs are joined in such a way that they allow the needed movement of the chest during breathing.

Question 10.
Define the bones present in our hand.
Answer:
The hand comprises the upper arm, fore-arm, wrist, palm and lingers. The upper arm has one long bone, and fore-arm has two long bones. Wrist is made up of several small bones. The palm is composed of fine slightly longer bones. There are three small bones in each finger.

Question 11.
What is the correct sitting postures?
Answer:
In correct position, one should sit straight and relaxed. One should not bend in front or lean backwards. The fore-arm should be at the same level. The feet should be in rest on the floor. Lower leg should be erect making a right angle at the knee.

Question 12.
Define the following:
(a) Fixed joints, (b) Ball and socket joints,
Answer:
(a) Fixed joints: Some attachments do not allow movements. They are fixed joints. Joint of cranium is a fixed joint.

(b) Ball and socket joints : The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone. Such a kind of joint allows movements in all directions. Examples : The joints between the upper arm and shoulder, the thigh and the hip joint.

Question 13.
What are bone joints and from what are they joint?
Answer:
The place where two bones or more than two bones meet together is called a joint. There are various kinds of joints. They are held together at joints by strong cords called ligaments.

Question 14.
What is locomotion? Where is it found?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another for various purposes. This kind of movement is called locomotion. Locomotion is found only in animals. Locomotion helps them in search of food and shelter. It also helps them escape from their enemies.

Question 15.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is an organ system?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Which of the external organs are supported by cartilages?
(d) Draw and label the bones of the leg.
Answer:
(a) When several organs group together as a team to carry out a major activity, such a set of organs is called an organ system.

(b) The facial bones comprise the upper and lower jaws and a few other bones. The bones of lower jaw are movable.

(c) The back bone and its 24 vertebrae are joined by cartilages. Thus it forms a hollow bony tube. Nose, ear and various joints are joined by cartilage.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the locomotion in snail.
Answer:
The body of a snail is covered with a hard and flexible shell. It has an opening with a lid. Through the opening of the shell, a strong muscular foot and head comes out. The foot is a part of its belly. When it starts moving, the wavy motion of the foot can be seen. The movement is very slow.

Question 2.
How does an earthworm move?
Answer:
The body of a mature earthworm seems to be made of many rings joined end to end. From the paler under surface of the body a large number of minute bristles project out. The bristles are connected with muscles at their bases.

The bristles help to get a good grip on the ground. There are muscles in the body wall which help to extend and shorten the body. During movement, the earthworm first extends the front part of the body, keeping the rear fixed to the ground. Then it fixes the front end and releases the rear end. Thereafter it shortens the body and pulls the rear end forward. The earthworm follows this process repeatedly to move ahead. On a slippery surface, its movement is affected due to the loss of the grip on the surface.

Body Movements Class 6 HBSE Notes

• The various kinds of animals differ in shape, size and habitat. Therefore their body parts and their working also vary widely.
• The human body have many parts which have definite functions. They are called organs.
• Both external and internal (parts) organs are made of many cells and tissues, but every organ works as a single unit.
• The organs group together as a team to perform a major activity. A set of such organs forms an organ system.
• There are ten organ systems which in coordination with one another perform all the life activities.
• Hard structures such as bones and cartilages form the skeletal system of man. It gives the frame and shape to the body and help in movement. It protects internal organs and bones also form red blood cells and some white blood cells.
• The skeletal comprises of the skull, the back bone, ribs and the breast bone.
• The skeletal also includes the shoulder and hip bones and bones of hands and legs.
• Two bones are joined by tough cords called ligaments. The bones are joined to muscles by cord-like tendons.
• The bones are moved by alternate contractions and relaxations of two sets of muscles.
• The bone joints are of various kinds on the nature of joints and directions of movement they allow.
• Strong muscles and light bones work together to help the birds fly by flapping their wings. The fishes swim by forming loops alternately on two sides of the body. The tail pushes them forward and the vertebrates and muscles attached to them work for it. Similarly the snakes crawl on the ground by alternately looping sideways. A large no. of vertebrae and associated muscles push the body forward. The ventral scales also help in the process.
• The body and legs of insects have hard jointed coverings forming an exoskeleton. The muscles of the breast connected with three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings help the cockroach to walk and fly.
• The snails are moved by the muscular foot. The hard unjointed shell have no relation with the foot.
• The earthworm moves by alternate extension and contraction of the body effected by the muscles. The minute movable bristles help in gripping the ground.

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class English Solutions Honeysuckle & A Pact with the Sun

HBSE 6th Class English Solutions Honeysuckle

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Honeysuckle Prose

• Chapter 1 Who Did Patrick’s Homework?
• Chapter 2 How the Dog Found Himself a New Master?
• Chapter 3 Taro’s Reward
• Chapter 4 An Indian-American Woman in Space: Kalpana Chawla
• Chapter 5 A Different Kind of School
• Chapter 6 Who I Am
• Chapter 7 Fair Play
• Chapter 8 A Game of Chance
• Chapter 9 Desert Animals
• Chapter 10 The Banyan Tree

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Honeysuckle Poem

• Poem 1 A House, A Home
• Poem 2 The Kite
• Poem 3 The Quarrel
• Poem 4 Beauty
• Poem 5 Where Do All the Teachers Go
• Poem 6 The Wonderful Words
• Poem 7 Vocation
• Poem 8 What if

HBSE 6th Class English Solutions A Pact with the Sun

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Supplementary Reader A Pact with the Sun

• Chapter 1 A Tale of Two Birds
• Chapter 2 The Friendly Mongoose
• Chapter 3 The Shepherds Treasure
• Chapter 4 The Old-Clock Shop
• Chapter 5 Tansen
• Chapter 6 The Monkey and the Crocodile
• Chapter 7 The Wonder Called Sleep
• Chapter 8 A Pact with the Sun
• Chapter 9 What Happened to the Reptiles
• Chapter 10 A Strange Wrestling Match

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From
• Chapter 2 Components of Food
• Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric
• Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups
• Chapter 5 Separation of Substances
• Chapter 6 Changes Around Us
• Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants
• Chapter 8 Body Movements
• Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings
• Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances
• Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection
• Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits
• Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets
• Chapter 14 Water
• Chapter 15 Air around us
• Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 भोजन: यह कहाँ से आता है?
• Chapter 2 भोजन के घातक
• Chapter 3 तंतु से वस्त्र तक
• Chapter 4 वस्तुओं के समूह बनाना
• Chapter 5 पदार्थों का पृथक्करण
• Chapter 6 हमारे चारों ओर के परिवर्तन
• Chapter 7 पौधों को जानिए
• Chapter 8 शरीर में गति
• Chapter 9 सजीव: विशेषताएँ एवं आवास
• Chapter 10 गति एवं दूरियों का मापन
• Chapter 11 प्रकाश: छायाएँ एवं परावर्तन
• Chapter 12 विद्युत तथा परिपथ
• Chapter 13 चुंबकों द्वारा मनोरंजन
• Chapter 14 जल
• Chapter 15 हमारे चारों ओर वायु
• Chapter 16 कचरा: संग्रहण एवं निपटान