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Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Sorting Materials Into Groups Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Sorting Materials Into Groups

HBSE 6th Class Science Sorting Materials Into Groups Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Name five objects which can be made from wood.
Answer:
Objects which can be made from wood are:

• Chair
• Table
• Desk
• Double bed
• Stool
• Almirah.

Question 2.
Select those objects from the following which shine :
Glass bowl, plastic toy, steel spoon, cotton shirt.
Answer:
Glass bowl, steel spoon.

Question 3.
Match the following things with the materials from which they are made :

Answer:
(i) paper
(ii) glass
(iii) wood
(iv) plastics
(v) leather.

Question 4.
State whether the statements given below are true or false :
(i) Stone is transparent, while glass is opaque.
(ii) A note book has lustre while eraser does not.
(iii) Chalk dissolves in water.
(iv) A piece of wood floats on water.
(v) Sugar does not dissolve in water.
(vi) Oil mixes with water.
(vii) Sand settles down in water.
(viii) Vinegar dissolves in water.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) True
(viii) True.

Question 5.
Given below are the names of some objects and materials :
Water, basket ball, orange, sugar, globe, apple and earthen pitcher
Group them as :
(a) Round shaped and other shape.
(b) Eatables and non-etables.
Answer:
Round-shaped object Other-shaped objects

• Basket ball
• Water
• Orange
• Sugar
• Globe
• Apple
• Earthen pitcher.

Question 6.
List all items known to you that float on water. Check and see if they will float on a oil or kerosene.
Answer:

• Dried leaves
• paper
• wax
• ice
• oil.

All these materials floats on water and they sink in oil and float on kerosene.

Question 7.
Find the odd one out from the following:
(a) Chair, Bed, Table, Baby, Cup-board.
(b) Rose, Jasmine, Boat, Marigold, Lotus.
(c) Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Silver, Sand.
(d) Sugar, Salt, Sand, Milk, Milk powder.
Answer:
(a) Baby
(b) Boat
(c) Sand
(d) Milk

HBSE 6th Class Science Sorting Materials into Groups Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by classification?
Answer:
The process of grouping things on the basis of some common properties is called classification.

Question 2.
How groupings of things are made?
Answer:
Goupings of things are done according to some similarities, necessities, and convenience to make it easier to work with them.

Question 3.
Name three things made from glass.
Answer:
Bowl, bottle, jug, katori.

Question 4.
Name two materials which are soluble in water.
Answer:

• Salt
• sugar.

Question 5.
Name five objects which are made from transparent materials.
Answer:

• Glass bowl
• Glass bottles
• Window pan
• Looking glass
• Pen.

Question 6.
List three liquids which are transparent.
Answer:

• Water
• Spirit
• Benzene.

Question 7.
List five objects which are made from opaque materials.
Answer:

• Table
• Chair
• Door
• Bed
• Black board.

Question 8.
What is common between salt and sand?
Answer:
Mass.

Question 9.
Name three bad conductors of heat.
Answer:

• Wood
• Rubber
• Paper.

Question 10.
Name three good conductors of heat.
Answer:
Aluminium, copper and iron.

Question 11.
Name five magnetic objects.
Answer:
Eraser, Pins, Iron nails, Scissors and steel spoon.

Question 12.
Name two objects made from plastics.
Answer:

• Mug
• Toys.

Question 13.
Name two substances which are insoluble in water.
Answer:

• Chalk
• Plaster.

Question 14.
Name four metals which are used in our daily life.
Answer:

• Aluminium
• Copper
• Brass
• Iron.

Question 15.
Write two properties of metals.
Answer:

• They look shining in appearance.
• Metals are good conductors of heat.

Question 16.
Name three liquids which are immiscible in water.
Answer:

• Mustard oil
• Glycerine
• Coconut oil.

Question 17.
Name three materials which float in water.
Answer:

• Wax
• wood
• ice.

Question 18.
Name three things which are non-magnetic.
Answer:

• Rubber
• Chalk
• Plastics
• Wood.

Question 19.
How can materials be grouped?
Answer:
Materials can be grouped on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties.

Question 20.
Name some combustible materials.
Answer:
Wood, paper and cotton.

Question 21.
Which are translucent materials?
Answer:
The materials through which things are only partially visible are called translucent materials.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are objects made of?
Answer:

• An object can be made from different materials. For example, your shoes can be made of canvas, leather, rubber or plastics.
• Different objects can be made from the same material. For example, flower vase, window panes, glass jar, fish aquarium are made from the same material.
• An object or a thing can be made using more than one material. For example, idli is made of rice, urad dal, salt and water.

Question 2.
Mention three properties of materials.
Answer:
Three important properties of materials are described below :

• Physical State : All materials can be classified as solid, liquid and gas. We cannot see gases but we can feel their presence.
• Appearance : Any material can be described in terms of its colour, lustre, texture or hardness.
• Solubility : All materials can be soluble or insoluble in water. For example, sugar is soluble in water but sand is insoluble in water. Liquid and gases may also be soluble or insoluble in water.

Question 3.
Write three common characteristics of materials.
Answer:

• All materials can be felt by one or more of our senses.
• All materials occupy space.
• All materials possess mass.

Question 4.
Why are handles of utensils made from wood or plastics?
Answer:
The handles of utensils are made from wood or plastics because utensils are good conductors of heat and wood and plastics are bad conductors of heat. They do not allow the heat transmission through them. So the handles of utensils are made from wood or plastics so that we do not burn our hands while handling these utensils when they are hot.

Question 5.
Name two gases which are soluble and two gases which are insoluble. What is the importance of gases dissolved in water?
Answer:
→ Gases which are soluble in water: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.

→ Gases which are insoluble in water: Hydrogen, Nitrogen.
The oxygen dissolved in water helps aquatic plants and animals. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water helps the plants living in water for photosynthesis.

Question 6.
X, Y and Z are three types of materials. The materials X and Y can break into pieces easily when hit with an object but material Z does not break easily. The material X is used in the windows of bathrooms in our house whereas material Y is used in the windows of our drawing room. The material Z is used in making doors and almirahs in our house.
(a) What do you think material X could be? What is the general name of materials liheX?
(b) What could material Y be? Write the general name of materials like Y.
(c) What could material Z be? What is the general name of material like Z?
Answer:
(a) Ground glass : Translucent materials
(b) Clear glass: Transparent materials
(c) Wood : Opaque Materials.

Question 7.
Why cotton floats on water?
Answer:
Cotton has large number of pores in it. The air gets trapped in it thereby reducing its density (by increasing the volume of cotton by air). Therefore cotton floats on water. But when these pores get filled with water it starts sinking.

Question 8.
A few things have been grouped as follows. Identify the property common to all things in each group.
Group – I : Glass, Cup, Bucket, Mug, Jug
Group – II : Man, Cow, Camel
Group – III : Copper, Iron, Silver, Gold
Answer:
Group – I: Containers – all are made of plastic/steel.
Group – II: Living beings-all are mammals.
Group – III : All are metals.

Question 9.
Which among kerosene and glycerine is miscible in water? How will you find out?
Answer:
Glycerine is miscible in water.
Take some water in two test tubes. Put a few drops of glycerine into one test tube and a few drops of kerosene into the other. Shake them well. Glycerine mixes with water and cannot be seen separately. Kerosene does not mix with water. It can be seen as a separate layer on the top of water.

Question 10.
Give an activity to observe flow of heat in metal and wood.
Answer:
Take a cup and fill it partly with hot water. Place two spoons in it – one made of aluminium and the other made of wood. After a minute, touch the upper top of each spoon. You will observe that the aluminium spoon is hotter than the wooden spoon. This is because heat can flow quickly through aluminium but not so in wood.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages of classification/grouping things or materials?
Answer:
The advantages of classification/ grouping of things or materials are as under:

• Classification helps to understand similarities and dissimilarities among the objects.
• Classification helps location of things. It is only because of classification that you are able to locate a book that you need out of thousands in your school library.
• Classification of objects helps their identification.
• Classification makes study of different objects easy and more meaningful. Rather than studying each object separately, we can study just one out of each class of different objects and generalize our results for the class as a whole.
• Classification helps us to know the material of which the object is formed.

Question 2.
List the characteristics of solids, liquids and gases and give an example of each.
Answer:
Solids : All solids have the following characteristics :

• They have a definite shape and volume.
• They cannot be compressed easily.
• The particles they are made of are packed very tightly.

Examples : Gold and wood.
Liquids : All liquids have the following characteristics:

• They have a definite volume but no definite shape. They take the shape of the container they are poured in.
• They can be compressed more easily than solids.
• The particles they are made up of are not so tightly packed as in solids.

Examples : Water and alcohol.
Gases : All gases have the following characteristics:

• They have no definite shape or volume.
• They can be compressed very easily.
• The particles they are made up of are packed loosely.

Examples : Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.

Question 3.
Discuss important properties of matter. (Any five)
Answer:
Some important properties of matter are discussed below:

• Appearance: Materials (or matter) can be classified on the basis of their appearance. Different materials have different appearances.
• Lustre : Materials can be classified on the basis of their lustre. Some shine a lot whereas others are quite dull.
• Texture : Different materials feel different when touched, so they have different textures.
• State: Most materials can be placed into one of the three groups : Solid, liquid or gas.
• Solubility in water: Some substances are soluble in water, others are insoluble. Miscible liquids mix with each other, immiscible liquids do not.

Sorting Materials into Groups Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. There is a large variety of things around us, some of familiar furniture may be chairs, tables, almirah, utensils, books, clothes, toys, television, refrigerator and other household items.

2. Different things can be used for making different types of materials.

3. Different types of materials have different properties such as appearance, solubility, transparency, conductivity and behaviour towards magnets etc.

4. Things can be grouped on the basis of their properties of materials from which they are made. Similar things are arranged together for convenience.

5. Materials which have lustre are called metals. Iron, copper, aluminium and gold are some examples of metals. Thus metals have a lustre and are called lustrous materials.

6. The surface of a material could be smooth or rough. Such as a stone feels rough on touching and metal surfaces are smooth to touch.

7. Materials may be hard or soft. Materials which are difficult to press are called hard and which can be pressed easily are called soft.

8. Substances which dissolve in water are called soluble and which remain the same are called insoluble.

9. Those liquids which mix well with water are said to be miscible and others which do not mix well are known as immiscible in water.

10. Some gases are soluble in water such as oxygen gas which dissolves in water is very important for the survival of aquatic animals.

11. Some materials like sand, sugar and salt sink in water and such materials like wax and oils float on water.

12. Materials may be transparent, opaque and translucent. Materials through which things can be seen are called transparent and materials through which you things are not able to see are called opaque and materials through which things are only partially visible; are called translucent.

13. Those materials/substances which allow the transmission of heat through them are called conductors of heat, which do not allow heat to pass through them are called non-conductors or poor conductors.

14. All metals are conductors of heat. Wood, plastics and a piece of cotton are examples of non-conductors. Gases are poor conductors of heat.

15. Some materials which burn on direct flame in the presence of air, are called combustible materials.

16. Materials which get strongly attracted towards the magnet are called magnetic materials. Our earth itself is a huge magnet. Magnetic materials find many uses in electronic devices.

17. Things are grouped together on the basis of properties of materials from which they are made.

18. The tendency of substances to intermix is called diffusion.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric

HBSE 6th Class Science Fibre to Fabric Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic:
Nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute.
Answer:

• Natural fibres : Wool, cotton, silk, jute.
• Synthetic fibres : Nylon, polyester.

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false :
(a) Yarn is made from fibres.
(b) Spinning is a process of making fibres.
(c) Jute is the outer covering of coconut.
(d) The process of removingseed from cotton is called ginning.
(e) Weaving ofyaf’n make a piece of fabric.
(f) Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of plants.
(g) Polyester is a natural fibre.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True
(f) False
(g) False

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) Plant fibres are obtained from ________ and ________.
(b) Animal fibres are ________ and ________.
Answer:
(a) Cotton, jute
(b) Wool, silk.

Question 4.
From which part of plant cotton and jute are obtained?
Answer:
Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton seeds. They are hairs of cotton seeds. Jute fibres are obtained from the stem of jute plants by retting process.

Question 5.
Name two items that are made from coconut fibres.
Answer:

• Ropes
• Coir in mattress.

Question 6.
Explain the process of making yarn from fibres.
Answer:
The process of making yam from fibres is called spinning. In this process fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form a yarn.

A simple device used for spinning is a hand spindle also called takli and charkha. Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the help of spinning machine. After spinning yams are used for making fabrics.

HBSE 6th Class Science Fibre to Fabric Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name some fibres obtained from natural sources (Plants/animals).
Answer:
Cotton, silk, wool and jute fibres are obtained from natural sources.

Question 2.
Name two fibres obtained from man-made materials.
Answer:
Nylon and polyester.

Question 3.
Which type of clothes absorb water quickly?
Answer:
Cotton clothes absorb water quickly.

Question 4.
Which type of clothes bum quickly?
Answer:
Nylon and polyester clothes bum quickly.

Question 5.
From where do we get wool and silk?
Answer:
We get wool from animal hairs (sheep) and silk from silk worm.

Question 6.
From which time cotton has been used in India?
Answer:
In India cotton has been used since 1800 B.C.

Question 7.
Where is cotton grown in India?
Answer:
In India cotton crops are grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 8.
In which climate are cotton crops grown?
Answer:
Cotton crop needs warm climate.

Question 9.
Write two uses of cotton.
Answer:

• Manufacture of textiles.
• As absorbent in hospitals.

Question 10.
Where do we get jute?
Answer:
Jute is obtained from stem of jute plants in the form of patsun.

Question 11.
How are jute fibres used?
Answer:
Jute fibres are used for making gunny bags, carpets and curtains.

Question 12.
Why did primitive life need no cloth?
Answer:
Because they lived mostly to tropics where the climate was warm.

Question 13.
Why are cotton and woollen fibres rough?
Answer:
Cotton and woollen fibres are rough because they have many folds and uneven surface on it.

Question 14.
Why are nylon and polyester fibres smooth?
Answer:
Nylon and polyester fibres are smooth because they have long plain, fine structure.

Question 15.
Why are fibres twisted?
Answer:
By twisting fibres, they become strong and their cohesion power increases.

Question 16.
Name some natural and man-made cloth materials.
Answer:
Natural cloth materials are : cotton, wool, silk and jute etc.
Man-made cloth materials are: rayon, nylon and polyesters etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From where do we get materials used for making clothes?
Answer:
We get materials used for making clothes from natural sources such as cotton, jute, silk and wool from plants and animals and from man-made/artificial sources such as nylon, polyester and rayon etc.

Question 2.
Where do the plants have fibres in their body?
Answer:
Plants have fibres in their body in different parts. For examples; cotton and mango have fibres on their seeds, coconut on its fruits, jute on its stem and banana tree on its leaf.

Question 3.
From where do we get wool and silk fibres?
Answer:
Wool and silk fibres are obtained from animals. Wool is obtained from hair of animals; as sheep hairs and silk fibres are obtained from silk worm.

Question 4.
Where are cotton crops grown?
Answer:
Cotton crops are grown in black soil, which is best for of cultivation of cotton crops. It is planted early in the spring season. It needs warm climate. Its plant grows steadily and soon becomes brushes of 3 to 5 feet height.

Question 5.
What are the various uses of cotton?
Answer:
Cotton is used as follows :

• Cotton or cotton in combination with other fibres is used in manufacture of textiles.
• Cleaned cotton is used as absorbent in hospitals.
• Unspun cotton is used as fillers in mattresses, pillows and quilts.
• It is used as raw materials for manufacture of rayon and paper industry.

Question 6.
Where and when is jute cultivated?
Answer:
Jute is cultivated in alluvial soils in the delta region of rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra. In India jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. It is cultivated during rainy season.

Question 7.
How was clothing developed?
Answer:
Cloth making was developed in three stages: (i) First stage was making cloth from plant fibres, (ii) Second stage was the beginning the use of animal fibres and the third stage began with man-made fibres in 19th century.

Question 8.
Why do we wear clothes?
Answer:
We wear clothes due to the following reasons:

• They protect against wind and weather.
• They protect against injury.
• They maintain body heat.

Question 9.
Why is it necessary to make yarn from fabrics for making clothes?
Answer:
Cotton, wool and silk fibres are suitable for making yarn. For making yarn, fibres are twisted. Twisting of fibres into yarn increases the cohesion (togetherness) and strength of fibres.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do we obtain jute fibres from jute plants?
Answer:
On complete maturation of plants, fibres on its stem becomes very hard. The cut plants are grouped at different places in the field for a few days when most of the leaves fall down. The plants now are tied in small bundles and these bundles made to sink in stagnant water of pond for a few days when the gummy spin rots out to separate fibres. The process is called retting. Fibre is extracted from the retted jute by hand, with jerk and pulls. The dry fibres are then tied together in small bundles. They are pale yellow jn colour with 6 to 8 feet length and quite strong with silky lustre. They can easily be spun into fabrics.

Question 2.
Give a brief account of the journey of jute from its cultivation to making the fibre.
Answer:
(i) Jute is grown in alluvial soil in the delta region of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.

(ii) Jute is cultivated during the rainy season. It bears yellow flowers in 3-4 months.

(iii) Jute plants are usually cut at the flowering state. A good quality fibre is obtained from plants cut at the flowering state. Jute obtained from a matured plant is harder.

(iv) After the dry leaves haven fallen, the bundles of dry plants are kept in a pond for a few days. During this period, the gummy skin rots out to separate the fibres. This process is called retting.

(v) The jute fibre is obtained from the retted jute by hand.

Fibre to Fabric Class 6 HBSE Notes

• We know that clothes we wear come from fibres. Clothes protect us from adverse weather condition.
• Materials used for making clothes are obtained from natural as well as man-made sources.
• Natural clothing materials includes cotton, wool, silk and jute.
• Man-made clothing materials are rayon, nylon and polyester etc.
• Different clothing materials have different properties. Cotton and wool are rough while rayon, silk, nylon and polyester are smooth to touch.
• All cloth materials are made up of long, narrow, thin structures called fibres. All the plants have fibres in their body structure.
• Cotton and mango have fibre in their seed, coconut in their fruits and jute in its stem and banana tree on its leaf.
• Cotton fibres are obtained from the seeds of cotton plant and jute fibres are obtained from the stem of jute plant by the process of retting.
• The process of pulled out cotton seeds from cotton is called ginning.
• Cotton fibres are used in manufacturing of textiles, as adsorbent in hospitals, as fillers in mattresses, pillows and quilts and raw materials for rayon.
• Jute fibres are obtained from the stem of plant called “patsun”. Its separation from stem is called retting.
• They are 6-8 feet length. It is used for making gunny bags, potato/sacks, carpets, curtains and ropes etc.
• Man-made fibres combined with other animal and plant fibres are used for making clothes for improved strength, wearing ability and other qualities.
• Clothes are necessary because they protect us from wind and weather, injury and maintains body heat.
• Clothes are made from threads and threads in turn are spun from fibres. Cotton, wool, silk and nylon are composed of very fine hair – like structures called fibres.
• Coconut fibres are used for making ropes or as a coir mattresses. Soft and long fibres like cotton and wool are suitable to make yarn. Fibres cannot be used for making clothes directly.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match structures given in column I with functions given in column II.

Answer:
(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks :
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the __________.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in __________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of __________.
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called __________.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is __________.
(vi) Sweat contains water and __________.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called __________.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by __________.
Answer:
(i) Arteries
(ii) Red Blood Cells
(iii) Capillaries
(iv) Heart beat
(v) Urine
(vi) Urea
(vii) Urine
(viii) Transpiration

Question 3.
Choose the correct options:
(а) In plants, water is transported through :
(i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Stomata
(iv) Root hair
Answer:
(i) Xylem

(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants :
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag.
Answer:
(iii) under the fan

Question 4.
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of materials is necessary in plant or animal because due to it the nutrients are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive. So, the circulation of nutrients takes place in the whole body through the process of transportation.

Question 5.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood. When some injury occurs blood starts flowing. But it clots on its own due to the blood platelets. If there are no platelets in the blood, the blood will not be able to clot and keep on flowing through a wound or injury. This can prove fatal for the organisms as no blood will remain in the body.

Question 6.
What are stomate? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves and stems. These pores are called stomata. These opening are covered with guard cells. Two functions of stomata are:

• It helps in the transpiration of water i.e. the loss of excess water from the plant.
• Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull i.e a suction pull which helps in absorption of water to great height in tall trees.

Question 7.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Transpiration is an important function in plants. It serves the following purposes:

• It helps to enhance the absorption of water by creating a suction pull.
• It helps the plant in getting rid of the excess water.
• It produces a cooling effect on the plant which prevents the heat of the sun light from damaging plants.
• It helps in transport of water and minerals to leaves and leaves use the water for the process of photosynthesis.

Question 8.
What are the components of blood?
Answer:
There are four components of the blood.

• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which is yellowish in colour and contains 90 percent water. It contains food, enzymes, wastes and proteins etc.
• Red blood cells (R.B.Cs) are disc shaped cells containing red coloured pigment called haemoglobin in it. Haemoglobin helps in transportation of oxygen.
• White blood cells (W.B.Cs) are the fighting cells, which protect us against bacteria and foreign material causing infections
• Platelets help in clotting of the blood.

Question 9.
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood is needed by all parts of the body because, it contains the digested food in it. It supplies the digested food to various parts of the body and provide essential energy to them. This energy helps the body to perform various functions and activities.

Question 10.
What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
A red coloured pigment called haemoglobin gives the blood its red colour. This pigment helps in carrying oxygen to various part of the body by blood.

Question 11.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart functions in the following way:
The right auricle and ventricle receives blood with carbon dioxide from all the parts of the body. The collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification. In lungs the exchange of gases take place and purified blood is sent back to the left auricle. It pumps it to the left ventricle, which in turn pumps off the purified blood to all the parts of the body through arteries.

Question 12.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
The build up of waste and poisonous products in our body is always harmful. The waste products like urea etc. are toxic. When such toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with blood and can damage the cells of the body, thus proving fatal. It is, therefore, necessary to remove such poisonous waste materials from our body.

Question 13.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Find out about blood groups and their importance.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
When a person suffers from chest pain, the doctor immediately takes an ECG. Visit a doctor and get information about ECG. You may even look up an encyclopaedia or the internet.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is circulatory system?
Answer:
Circulatory system is that system which transport nutrients to various parts of the body.

Question 2.
What makes the blood red?
Answer:
A red pigment called haemoglobin makes the colour of the blood red.

Question 3.
Name various kinds of cells present in blood.
Answer:
Blood has liquid part called plasma which has Red Blood Cells, white blood cells and platelets in it.

Question 4.
What role does the red pigment haemoglobin play in our body?
Answer:
Haemoglobin gets bound with the oxygen and supplies oxygen to various parts of the body. Oxygen is essential for respiration.

Question 5.
Why platelets are important for humans?
Answer:
Platelets are very important because they cause clotting of the blood. Without platelets blood will flow from the wounds unstopped and cause death.

Question 6.
What is pulse?
Answer:
Number of times the heart beats in a minute is called pulse. In resting position pulse rate of a normal human is 72-80 beats/min.

Question 7.
What is the main difference between an artery and a vein?
Answer:
Artery carries purified blood i.e. blood carrying oxygen and vein carries blood rich in carbon dioxide.

Question 8.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of excess water from the leaves through the small pores called stomata.

Question 9.
What is excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the process of throwing out the unwanted and waste products from the body.

Question 10.
What is dialysis?
Answer:
Dialysis is a process of separating small molecules from the large molecules using a semipermeable membrane.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain briefly how the following are transported in plants.
(a) Water and mineral
(b) Food
Answer:
(a) Water and minerals are transported through the vascular tissues called xylem. Roots absorbs water from the soil and xylem transport it leaves prepare food by photosynthesis and this food is transported from leaves to different part by phloem.

(b) Food is transported in plants through vascular tissue called phloem.

Question 2.
What is transpiration? How is it different from translocation?
Answer:
Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water from the plants through small pores present on leaves called stomata. While the process of transportation of food through phloem is called translocation. Phloem transfer glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant while transpiration is evaporation of water to the environment.

Question 3.
List the factors affecting transpiration.
Answer:
Following factors affect transpiration in plants :
(i) Sunlight : Bright sunlight fastens the process of transpiration. No transpiration takes place during night.

(ii) Temperature : High temperature increases the rate of-transpiration while low temperature lowers the rate of transpiration.

(iii) Wind : Blowing wind increases the transpiration as water vapours are quickly removed from the leaves.

(iv) Humidity: Humid day lessens the rate of transpiration.

Question 4.
How does transportation occur in lower animals?
Answer:
The transportation occurs in lower animals through diffusion. The nutrients circulate in the body of lower animals by the flow of cytoplasm. In some multicellular aquatic plants transportation takes place by water which circulates the nutrients through their bodies.

Question 5.
What is stethoscope? What are its main parts?
Answer:
Stethoscope is an instruments used to measure the heart beat by the doctors. It has three parts :

• a chest piece that is sensitive to heart beats.
• two ear pieces.
• a tube joining the chest piece and ear pieces.

Question 6.
Write a short note on heart beat and pulse?
Answer:
Number of times a heart beats in a minute is called pulse. It can be felt by feeling the pressure of movement of blood through the artery at our wrist and by feeling the thumping of heart in our chest. It increases with physical activities. In children it varies from 90 to 100 times per minute and in adults from 70-72 beats per minute.

Question 7.
Mention the functions of the blood.
Answer:
Blood performs the following functions

• It transports nutrients to various parts of body.
• It carries oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.
• It collects deoxygenated blood from various parts of the blood and takes it to lungs for purification.
• It maintains the body temperature.
• White blood cells fight against the infections and protect us from diseases.

Question 8.
Name various organs of excretion in humans.
Answer:
Various organs of excretion in humans are :

• Lungs – for exchange of gases.
• Skin – for sweating.
• Large intestine – for excretion faeces.
• Kidneys – for excretion urine.
• Liver – for excretion excess sugar.

Question 9.
What is the importance of sweating?
Answer:
Sweat is water, salt and urea eliminated by skin in liquid form. The sweat is secreted by the sweat glands. Sweat is important in expelling the wastes like urea and salt from the body, It keeps the body cool and maintain the body temperature.

Question 10.
Explain the process of dialysis in brief.
Answer:
Process of Dialysis is used to remove the waste from the body of those people, whose kidneys are not working. Dialyses machine help in removing the waste. A tube of the machine is connected to patients blood. Blood is purified in a semipermeable membrane inside the machine and purified blood is sent back to the body.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the circulatory system in Human beings.
Answer:
The Human circulatory system consists of mainly three parts : (i) Heart, 2. Blood vessels, 3. Blood.
1. The Heart: Heart is the pumping organ present in our body. It pumps blood to all the parts of the body. It equals a clenched fist in its size. It is located in the chest cavity on the left side. It is made up of muscles and protected by a cardial membrane called paracardium. It has four chamber – two upper chambers called Auricles and two lower chambers called Ventricles. Blood is received by auricles and pumped by ventricles. The contraction and relaxations of these chambers is called the heart beat.

2. Blood vessels : Arteries, veins and capillaries are three types of blood vessels. Arteries carry oxygenated blood while veins collect deoxygenated blood. All arteries and veins are interconnected through the network of capillaries.

3. Blood : It is red coloured fluid carrying digested food to all the parts of the body and waste products to the excretory system. It has fluid portion called plasma. Plasma has Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets in it. Red colour of the blood is due to the red pigment called haemoglobin in it. White blood cells fight against infections and platelets cause clotting of the blood.

Question 2.
Explain the Excretory System of human beings.
Answer:
Human Excretory System consists of following organs:

• A pair of Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra.

→  Kidneys : Kidneys are bean shaped structures, located on each side of the backbone above the waist. Kidneys have a number of coiled tubes like structures called nephrons. Nephron consists of a Bowman’s Capsule. It is a cup like structure having a network of blood capillaries. Nephron has a long tubule surrounded by renal capillaries. Nephrons filter the excess of water salt, urea from the blood passing through it. This waste in liquid form is called urine.

→ Ureters : Ureters are long tubes passing urine formed in the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Both kidneys send a ureter to the urinary bladder.

→ Urinary bladder : Urinary bladder is an elastic sac like structure which collects the urine from ureters. Urine remains stored in it until excreted.

→ Urethra : Urethra is the opening through which the urine is passed out of the body.

Question 3.
Explain the process of transport of substances in plants.
Answer:
In plants water and minerals is transported to the leaves and other parts and similarly food is transported from leaves to all the parts of the plant.

Transport of material in plants take place through vascular tissues. There are two types of vascular tissues in plants called xylem and phloem. Xylem forms a continuous network of channels. This connects roots to the leaves through stems and through branches. This network is used to supply water and minerals to the various parts of the body. The roots absorb water from the soil and transport it to leaves and branches through xylem. This is called ascent of sap. Similarly a network of channels use to transport the food prepared by the leaves to the other parts of the plants is called phloem. This process is called translocation.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Every organism needs food and water to survive.
• Food and water is supplied to all parts of the bodies of the organisms by the transportation of these substances.
• Transportation of materials in human body is conducted by the circulatory system.
• Circulatory system in human beings consists of three organs : Blood, Blood vessels and Heart.
• Blood is the liquid which carries the digested food to various parts of the body.
• Blood contains liquid portion called plasma, Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
• Red blood cells carry a red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin gives red colour to the blood and is responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of body.
• White blood cells fight against the infections in our body.
• Platelets cause clotting a blood.
• Blood vessels are of two types : Arteries carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and veins collect deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body and take it to heart.
• Arteries and veins are interconnected with thin tubes called capillaries.
• In plants, vascular tissues are responsible for transporting food, water and minerals to the various parts of the plant.
• Xylem carries absorbed water and mineral to all parts of plant, while phloem carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
• After the process a digestion our body produces some waste products – these wastes are thrown out of the body and this is called excretion.
• In humans, kidneys are the main excretory organs.
• In plants excess water is thrown out by transpiration.
  Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water by evaporation through small opening on the surface of leaves called stomata.
• Dialysis is conducted to remove waste from humans body with damaged kidneys.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

HBSE 7th Class Science Reproduction in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called _________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called _________.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _________.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _________ and _________.
Answer:
(a) vegetative reproduction,
(b) bisexual flower
(c) pollination
(d) fertilization,
(e) wind, water, insects.

Question 2.
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Answer:
Different methods of asexual reproduction are :
(a) Binary fission : This process takes place in unicellular organisms. Parent cell elongates and get divided into two identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell grows into an independent adult, e.g. in case of bacteria.

(b) Endospore formation : In this method a spore wall is formed around a bacterial cell to form an endospore. This endospore germinates to form an active bacterium under favourable conditions.

(c) Fragmentation : This occurs mainly in Algae. Body of the organism breaks up into two parts. Then each part grows into a new filament thus forming two organisms from a single one.

(d) Spore formation : The spores are tiny, spherical unicellular structures protected by a thick wall. The spores are stored in a hard outer covering and this is called sporangia. Under favourable conditions the hard cover breaks and spores spread for germination.

(e) Budding : In yeast, new organisms are produced by the bud formation from the parent organism. After growing to full size, the bud gets detached and form a new independent individual.

(f) Vegetative reproduction : When vegetative part of a plant like stems, leaves and root etc. give rise to new ones, it is called vegetative reproduction.

Question 3.
Explain what do you understand by sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Sexual reproduction means involvement of two parents in the process of reproduction. It is found mainly in higher plants. Male gamete and female gamete fuse to form a zygote. These zygotes develop into individuals which are not identical. Offspring inherit the characteristics of both the parents. In sexual reproduction both parents survive after the process of reproduction.

Question 4.
State the main differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer:

Question 5.
Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:

Question 6.
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Answer:

Question 7.
How does the process of fertilization take place in flowers?
Answer:
When the pollen grain reaches the stigma of a same flower, it starts growing out in pollen tube of the stigma. This tube continues to grow inside the style till it reaches the ovule. Male cells are released in the ovule for the fertilization with female cells and thus the zygote is formed. After this process of fertilization, the ovary develops into fruit and ovule into seeds.

Question 8.
Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Answer:
Following are the ways in which the seeds get dispersed:
(i) Some light seeds like that of Madar, which are hairy, dry and small are carried away by the wind to different places. Some seeds having winged structure e.g. that of Maple and Drumstick are also dispersed by air.

(ii) Spiny seeds and fruits like that of Xanthium and Gokhru, the seeds stick to the clothes of passers-bye and animals. These seeds are carried away by these agents to different places.

(iii) In some cases having heavy seeds like that of Coconut, water acts as the dispersing agents.

(iv) Some seeds are diprersed when the fruit bursts like in case of Balsam and castor.

Question 9.
Match the items in Column I with those of Column II :

Answer:
(a) (iii)
(b) (v)
(c) (ii)
(d) (i)
(e) (iv)

Question 10.
Tick (✓) the correct answer :
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the :
(i) Leaf
(ii) Stem
(iii) Root
(iv) Flower
Answer:
(iv) Flower

(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called :
(i) fertilization
(ii) Pollination
(iii) reproduction
(iv) seed formation
Answer:
(i) fertilization

(c) Mature ovary forms the:
(i) Seed
(ii) Stamen
(iii) Pistil
(iv) Fruit
Answer:
(iv) Fruit

(d) A spore producing plant is :
(i) Rose
(ii) Bread mould
(iii) Potato
(iv) Ginger
Answer:
(ii) Bread mould

(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its :
(i) Stem
(ii) Leaves
(iii) Roots
(iv) Flower
Answer:
(ii) Leaves

Extended Learning-Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Make your own cactus garden by collecting pieces cut from different kinds of cacti. Grow the variety in one single flat container or in separate pots.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Visit a fruit market and collect as many local fruits as possible. If many fruits are not available, you can collect tomatoes and cucumbers (these are fruits, though we use them as vegetables). Make drawings of the different fruits. Split the fruits and examine the seeds within. Look for any special characteristics in the fruits and their seeds.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Think of ten different fruit-bearing plants. Remember that many vegetables are also fruits of the plants. Discuss with your teacher, parents, farmers, fruit growers and agricultural experts (if available nearby) and find out the manner of their dispersal. Present your data in the form of a table as shown below :

Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 4.
Suppose there is one member of a particular kind of organism in a culture dish, which doubles itself in one hour through asexual reproduction. Work out the number of members of that kind of organism which will be present in the culture dish after ten hours. Such a colony of individuals arising from one parent is called a “clone”.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Reproduction in Plants Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by the term reproduction?
Answer:
Reproduction is the process by which the living organisms produce more of their ownkind.

Question 2.
Name the methods by which plants reproduce.
Answer:
Plants reproduce in two ways :

• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction.

Question 3.
What is pollination?
Answer:
Pollination is a process in which pollen grains get transferred from anther to the stigma of the‘flower.

Question 4.
Name different methods of asexual reproduction.
Answer:
Various methods of asexual reproduction are :

• Binary fission
• Endospore formation
• Fragmentation
• spore formation
• Budding
• Vegetative reproduction.

Question 5.
What do you mean by the term fertilization?
Answer:
Fertilization is a process in which fusion of male and female gametes takes place to produce the zygote.

Question 6.
What is vegetative reproduction?
Answer:
It is the simplest method of reproduction in plants. In this method the vegetative parts like stem, roots and leaves produce new ones.

Question 7.
What is the advantage of the vegetative reproduction?
Answer:
The vegetative reproduction occurs very fast and easily. So quick reproduction is possible.

Question 8.
What is difference between unisexual and bisexual flowers?
Answer:
Unisexual flower has either a male or female reproductive part and bisexual flower has both of them.

Question 9.
Write any one advantage of seed dispersal.
Answer:
It prevents the plants from competing for sunlight, water and minerals.

Question 10.
Where are the male and female gametes found?
Answer:
The male gametes are found inside the pollen grains and the ovule contains the female gametes.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is reproduction? Name various methods of reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Reproduction is the process by which the living organisms produce more of their ownkind. Plants reproduce by two methods asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction means the birth of new ones by single parent only. Sexual reproductions means involvement of two parents in the process.

Question 2.
List the different methods of asexual reproduction. In which type of plants does asexual reproduction occur?
Answer:
Asexual reproduction occurs in lower form of plants, where they do not have any reproductive part. It occurs through following methods.

• Binary fission
• Budding
• Endospore formation
• Spore formation
• Fragmentation
• Vegetative reproduction.

Question 3.
What is pollination? How is it brought about?
Answer:
The transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a flower is called pollination. Pollination is brought about by many agents like water, air, animals and insects. Pollen grains are carried by these agents from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of same kind.

Question 4.
What do you mean by cross-pollination and self-pollination?
Answer:
Transfer of pollens occur in two ways. When pollen grains ate transferred to stigma of the same flower, it is called self pollination. When transfer of pollen grains take place from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of same kind, it is called cross pollination.

Question 5.
Write a short note on vegetative propagation.
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction! means the birth of new ones from the vegetative parts of the plant like leaves, stem, roots and buds. This is an asexual type of reproduction. Eyes on potato, buds sprouting on the leaves of bryophyllum, new plant growing out of cactus’ stem etc are examples of vegetative reproduction.

Question 6.
Write atleast three advantages of vegetative propagation methods.
Answer:
Following are the advantages of vegetative propagation:

• It is a fast method of reproduction.
• Plants produced by vegetative propagation have same features as that of parent plant.
• Plants produced by vegetative reproduction bear flowers and fruits earlier than the plants grown out of seeds.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Asexual reproduction? Explain various methods of asexual reproduction.
Answer:
Asexual reproduction means obtaining new plants from one parent without seeds. Various methods of asexual reproduction are as follows :

Different methods of asexual reproduction are :
(a) Binary fission : This process takes place in unicellular organisms. Parent cell elongates and get divided into two identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell grows into an independent adult, e.g. in case of bacteria.

(b) Endospore formation : In this method a spore wall is formed around a bacterial cell to form an endospore. This endospore germinates to form an active bacterium under favourable conditions.

(c) Fragmentation : This occurs mainly in Algae. Body of the organism breaks up into two parts. Then each part grows into a new filament thus forming two organisms from a single one.

(d) Spore formation : The spores are tiny, spherical unicellular structures protected by a thick wall. The spores are stored in a hard outer covering and this is called sporangia. Under favourable conditions the hard cover breaks and spores spread for germination.

(e) Budding : In yeast, new organisms are produced by the bud formation from the parent organism. After growing to full size, the bud gets detached and form a new independent individual.

(f) Vegetative reproduction : When vegetative part of a plant like stems, leaves and root etc. give rise to new ones, it is called vegetative reproduction.

Question 2.
What is vegetative reproduction ? Describe vegetative reproduction in different parts of the plant.
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction means growing of off springs from the vegetative parts of the plant like roots, stems, and leaves.
(i) Vegetative propagation by roots : Thick roots of sweet potato, dahlia or asparagus give rise to new ones, inside the soil only.

(ii) Vegetative propagation by stems : In certain plants like potato, ginger, sugarcane etc, new plants grow from the stems of these plants. In potatoes these are small ‘eyes’ on the swollen stem. These eyes germinate to give rise to new plants. Ginger and turmeric also give rise to new plants rom the small buds growing on their swollen stems.

(iii) Vegetative reproduction by leaves : In plants like Bryophyllum Small plantlets grow from the margins of the leaves. These plantlets when detached from the leaf and grown develops into an independent plant.

Question 3.
Explain Sexual Reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Sexual reproduction occurs in plants having well developed reproductive parts in them. Flowers are the reproductive parts of the plant. Flowers can be unisexual i.e. having only male or female reproductive parts, and Bisexual i.e. having both male and female reproductive parts.

Female reproductive part of the flower i.e. the pistil form female ovules and male reproductive parts i.e. Androecium give rise to male gametes. When male and female gametes fuse in the ovary of the flower the process of fertilisation takes place. Male gametes are carried to the female flowers far away by agents like wind, water, insects and animals. This is called pollination. After fertilization the ovary of the flower becomes pulpy and juicy to form fruits. The ovules become the seeds.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Reproduction is the process by which all the living organisms produce more of their own kind.
• The reproduction in plants occur by two methods : asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction is reproduction without seeds involving only single parent.
• Asexual reproduction occurs in lower forms of the plants.
• Various methods of asexual reproduction are : Binary fission, fragmentation, Endospore formation, spore formation, Budding and vegetative reproduction.
• Binary fission is division of elongated parent cell into two daughter cell. It mostly occurs in bacteria. Some bacteria reproduce by endospore formation.
• Fragmentation is splitting up of filaments of algae in two or more than two parts, which develop into complete organism.
• Spores are formed in fungi, spores along with outer hard covering are called sporangium. Sporangium burst to release spores.
• Bud is a small bulb like projection, which comes out of yeast cell. It grows and detach from the parent cell to form a new yeast cell.
• Vegetative propagation is the birth of new ones from the vegatative parts of the plant like leaves, roots, stems etc.
• Sexual reproduction is the reproduction by seeds involving both male and female plants.
• Male and female gametes fuse to form zygote which grows into a developed new plant.
• Ovaries of the plant develop into fruit after fertilization and ovules becomes seeds.
• Male pollen grains are transferred from one flower to another and this is called pollination.
• When pollen grain of same flower are transferred from anther to stigma of same flower, it is called self pollination.
• When pollens of a flower are transferred to stigma of another flower of same kind, it is called cross pollination.

Haryana Board HBSE 7th Class Hindi Solutions वसंत भाग 2

• Chapter 1 हम पंछी उन्मुक्त गगन के
• Chapter 2 दादी माँ
• Chapter 3 हिमालय की बेटियाँ
• Chapter 4 कठपुतली
• Chapter 5 मीठाईवाला
• Chapter 6 रक्त और हमारा शरीर
• Chapter 7 पापा खो गए
• Chapter 8 शाम एक किशान
• Chapter 9 चिड़िया की बच्ची
• Chapter 10 अपूर्व अनुभव
• Chapter 11 रहीम की दोहे
• Chapter 12 कंचा
• Chapter 13 एक तिनका
• Chapter 14 खानपान की बदलती तस्वीर
• Chapter 15 नीलकंठ
• Chapter 16 भोर और बरखा
• Chapter 17 वीर कुवर सिंह
• Chapter 18 संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज
• Chapter 19 आश्रम का अनुमानित व्यय
• Chapter 20 विप्लव गायन

HBSE 7th Class Hindi Vyakaran व्याकरण

• वर्ण-विचार : उच्चारण और वर्तनी
• संधि
• शब्द-विचार
• संज्ञा
• संज्ञा के विकार
• सर्वनाम
• विशेषण
• क्रिया
• काल
• अव्यय (अविकारी शब्द)
• शब्द-ज्ञान (भंडार)
• वाक्य-विचार
• वाक्य-रचना की अशुद्धियाँ
• मुहावरे-लोकोक्तियाँ

HBSE 7th Class Hindi Rachana रचना

• पत्र-लेखन
• निबंध-लेखन
• अनुच्छेद लेखन

Haryana Board HBSE Class 6 Solutions in Hindi Medium & English Medium

• HBSE 6th Class Maths Solutions
• HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions
• HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions
• HBSE 6th Class English Solutions
• HBSE 6th Class Hindi Solutions
• HBSE 6th Class Sanskrit Solutions

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 पर्यावरण Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 पर्यावरण

HBSE 7th Class Geography पर्यावरण Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:
(क) पारितंत्र क्या है?
उत्तर:
पारितंत्र वह तंत्र है जिसमें समस्त जीवधारी आपस में एक-दूसरे के साथ तथा पर्यावरण के उन भौतिक एवं रासायनिक कारकों के साथ परस्पर क्रिया करते हैं जिसमें वे निवास करते हैं। ये सब ऊर्जा और पदार्थ के स्थानांतरण द्वारा संबद्ध हैं।

(ख) प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण से आप क्या समझते हैं ?
उत्तर:
प्राकृतिक तत्वों से मिलकर बना पर्यावरण प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण कहलाता है। भूमि, जलवायु, पेड़-पौधे एवं जीव-जंतु मिलकर प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण बनाते हैं।

(ग) पर्यावरण के प्रमुख घटक कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर:
पर्यावरण के प्रमुख घटक निम्नलिखित हैं:

1. प्राकृतिक घटक : जैसे-जल, वायु, मृदा, पेड़-पौधे आदि।
2. मानव निर्मित घटक : जैसे-सड़कें, इमारतें, पुल, स्मारक आदि।
3. मानव घटक : जैसे-व्यक्ति, परिवार, समुदाय आदि।

(घ) मानव-निर्मित पर्यावरण के चार उदाहरण दें।
उत्तर:
मानव-निर्मित पर्यावरण के उदाहरण हैं:

1. भवन
2. पार्क
3. पुल
4. सड़क, आदि।

(च) स्थलमंडल क्या है?
उत्तर:
पृथ्वी की ऊपरी कठोर परत या पर्पटी को स्थलमंडल कहते हैं। यह चट्टानों व खनिजों से बना होता है।

(छ) जीवीय पर्यावरण के दो प्रमुख घटक क्या हैं?
उत्तर:
जीवीय पर्यावरण के दो प्रमुख घटक हैं-पादप और जीव-जंतु।

(ज) जैवमंडल क्या है?
उत्तर:
पृथ्वी का संकीर्ण क्षेत्र जो वायुमंडल, स्थलमंडल, जलमंडल के संपर्क में आता है, जैवमंडल कहलाता है। यहाँ जीवन पाया जाता है। इस क्षेत्र में पेड़-पौधे तथा जानवर यहाँ तक कि जीवाणु भी मिलते हैं। अधिकांश जीवित प्राणी चाहे वे पौधे हों या जीव, पृथ्वी पर स्थल या जल की सतह पर पाए जाते हैं जो वायु से घिरी होती है।

प्रश्न 2.
सही उत्तर चिह्नित (√) कीजिए :
(क) इनमें से कौन-सा प्राकृतिक पारितंत्र नहीं है?
(i) मरुस्थल
(ii) ताल
(iii) वन।
उत्तर:
(ii) ताल

(ख) इनमें से कौन-सा मानवीय पर्यावरण का घटक नहीं है?
(i) स्थल
(ii) धर्म
(iii) समुदाय।
उत्तर:
(i) स्थल

(ग) इनमें से कौन सा मानव निर्मित पर्यावरण है?
(i) पहाड़
(ii) समुद्र
(iii) सड़क।
उत्तर:
(iii) सड़क।

(घ) इनमें से कौन सा पर्यावरण के लिए खतरा है?
(i) पादप वृद्धि
(ii) जनसंख्या वृद्धि
(iii) फसल वृद्धि।
उत्तर:
(ii) जनसंख्या वृद्धि

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित स्तंभों को मिलाकर सही जोड़े बनाएँ:
(क) जैवमंडल – (i) पृथ्वी को घेरने वाली वायु की चादर
(ख) वायुमंडल – (ii) जलीय क्षेत्र
(ग) जलमंडल – (iii) हमारे आसपास का क्षेत्र
(घ) पर्यावरण – (iv) वह संकीर्ण क्षेत्र जहाँ स्थल, जल एवं वायु पारस्परिक क्रिया करते हैं।
उत्तर:
(क) (iv)
(ख) (i)
(ग) (ii)
(घ) (iii)

प्रश्न 4.
कारण बताइए:
(क) मानव अपने पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन करता है।
उत्तर:
मनुष्य अपनी आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए अपने पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन लाता है। मानव ने पर्यावरण के उपयोग और उसमें परिवर्तन करने के नए तरीके सीख लिए हैं। जैसे-फसल उगाना, पशुपालन आदि। पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन से उसकी आवश्यकताओं की संतुष्टि होती है।

(ख) पौधे एवं जीव-जंतु एक-दूसरे पर आश्रित हैं।
उत्तर:
सभी पेड़-पौधे तथा जीव-जंतु एक-दूसरे पर निर्भर करते हैं क्योंकि ये सब मिलकर प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण का निर्माण करते हैं। एक के बिना दूसरे का अस्तित्व संकट में पड़ सकता है।

प्रश्न 5.
क्रियाकलाप (Activity)
एक आदर्श पर्यावरण की कल्पना कीजिए जिसमें आप रहना चाहेंगे। अपने इस आदर्श पर्यावरण का चित्र बनाएँ।
उत्तर:
छात्र स्वयं करें।
कल्पना : समतल मैदान में एक गाँव/शहर हो। जनसंख्या कम हो। पीने के लिए स्वच्छ पानी उपलब्ध हो। गाँव/शहर से बाहर जंगल हो। वन को काटने पर प्रतिबंध हो। आने-जाने के मार्ग सुलभ हों। प्रदूषण रहित वातावरण हो। इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य सुविधाएँ उपलब्ध हों।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
सही विकल्प चुनो:
(i) सजीव प्राणियों का संसार:
(क) जैविक
(ख) अजैविक
(ग) जैवमंडल
उत्तर:
(क) जैविक।

(ii) निर्जीव पदार्थों के संसार में सम्मिलित हैं:
(क) पादप
(ख) जंतु
(ग) स्थल
उत्तर:
(ग) स्थल।

(iii) पर्यावरण शब्द की उत्पत्ति एनवायरोनेट से हुई है, जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है:
(क) आस-पास
(ख) पड़ोस
(ग) प्रकृति
उत्तर:
(ख) पड़ोस।

(iv) मानव निर्मित पर्यावरण का उदाहरण है:
(क) स्थल
(ख) जीव
(ग) स्मारक
उत्तर:
(ग) स्मारक।

(v) पृथ्वी की ठोस पर्पटी कहलाती है:
(क) स्थलमंडल
(ख) जलमंडल
(ग) वायुमंडल
उत्तर:
(क) स्थलमंडला

प्रश्न 2.
सत्य और असत्य बताएँ:
(i) हमारा पर्यावरण स्थायी है।
(ii) विभिन्न प्रजातियाँ जैव विभिन्नता कहलाती हैं।
(iii) लोग जैवमंडल के अंग नहीं हैं।
(iv) जल वायुमंडल में भी पाया जाता है।
(v) जैवमंडल एक संकीर्ण क्षेत्र है।
उत्तर:
(i) असत्य
(ii) सत्य
(ii) असत्य
(iv) सत्य
(v) सत्य।

प्रश्न 3.
रिक्त स्थान भरें:
1. पौधे, …………….. और मनुष्य पर्यावरण से प्रभावित होते हैं।
2. …………….. विशाल जलराशि है।
3. दोनों पर्यावरण …………….. हैं।
4. सभी ………………. एक-दूसरे से जुड़े हैं।
5. ……….. वायु की पतली परत है।
6. स्थलमंडल ……………….. की परत है।
उत्तर:
1. जानवर
2. महासागर
3. एक-दूसरे से संबंधित
4. महासागर
5. वायुमंडल
6. जैवमंडल।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्न के जोड़े बनाएँ:

उत्तर:
1. (क)
2. ग)
3. (घ)
4. (ख)
5. (ङ)

HBSE 7th Class Geography पर्यावरण Important Questions and Answers

अति लघु उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
पर्यावरण के दो प्रमुख घटक लिखिए।
उत्तर:
पर्यावरण के दो अवयव हैं:

• जीविय
• अजीविय।

प्रश्न 2.
स्थल, जल तथा वायु से बने पर्यावरण का प्रकार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
भौतिक पर्यावरण।।

प्रश्न 3.
पौधों तथा जानवरों से बने पर्यावरण का नाम बताएँ।
उत्तर:
जैविक पर्यावरण।

प्रश्न 4.
पर्यावरण क्या है?
उत्तर:
हमारे आस-पास पाई जाने वाली प्रत्येक अवस्था को सम्मिलित रूप से पर्यावरण कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
पर्वत क्या है?
उत्तर:
समतल भूमि से अधिक ऊँचे उठे भाग पर्वत कहलाते हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
महासागर से आप क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर:
विस्तृत क्षेत्र में फैली जलराशि को महासागर कहते हैं।

लघु उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
जैव विभिन्नता क्या है? समझाएँ।
उत्तर:
हमारी पृथ्वी ही सौर मंडल में केवल एक ऐसा ग्रह है जिस पर जीवन पाया जाता है। शताब्दियों से रह रहे जीवन में विभिन्नता गई है। इस प्रकार की विभिन्नता की प्रक्रिया में विभिन्न प्रकार की प्रजाति उत्पन्न हो गई हैं। विभिन्न प्रजातियों के कारण

प्रश्न 2.
पर्यावरण की परिभाषा दें।
उत्तर:
हमारे आसपास की सभी वस्तुएँ और दशाएँ पर्यावरण कहलाती हैं। पर्यावरण हमारे जीवन का आधार है। इससे हमें वायु, जिसमें हम साँस लेते हैं, पीने के लिए जल, रहने के लिए भूमि मिलती है। पर्यावरण स्थान-स्थान पर भिन्न होता है। उदाहरण के लिए भारत के विभिन्न भागों में पर्यावरण की दशाएँ भिन्न हैं। कहीं मरुस्थल है तो कहीं पर अधिक वर्षा वाले क्षेत्र। यह प्राकृतिक व मानव निर्मित परिघटनाओं का मिश्रण है।

प्रश्न 3.
भौतिक पर्यावरण या अजीविय पर्यावरण के बारे में आप क्या जानते हैं?
उत्तर:
भौतिक पर्यावरण हमें प्राकृतिक दशाएँ प्रदान करता है जिनमें भूमि, जल तथा वायु सम्मिलित हैं। भूमि पर पर्वत, पठार, मैदान और घाटियाँ पाई जाती हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
खान-पान की आदतें पर्यावरण पर क्यों निर्भर
उत्तर:
लोगों की खान-पान की आदतें पर्यावरण पर निर्भर करती हैं। जो वस्तुएँ हमें पर्यावरण से प्राप्त होती हैं उन्हीं के अनुसार हमारी आदतें बनती हैं। यहाँ तक कि वस्त्र भी पर्यावरण के भोजन में मछली प्रमुख है।

दीर्घ उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
हमें अपने पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा क्यों करनी चाहिए?
उत्तर:
हमें अपने पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा करनी चाहिए क्योंकिः
1. पर्यावरण हमारे जीवन का आधार है। यह हमें साँस लेने के लिए हवा, पीने के लिए पानी, खाने के लिए भोजन तथा रहने के लिए भूमि प्रदान करता है।

2. यह प्राकृतिक संसाधन प्रदान करता है। जैसे-ईंधन और खनिज।

3. पर्यावरण के कई भागों को संसाधनों के असावधानीपूर्वक प्रयोग से क्षति पहुंच चुकी है। जैसे वनों का प्रयोग, खनिजों का प्रयोग आदि।

4. बहुत सी मानव क्रियाएँ एक या दूसरे प्रकार से पर्यावरण को क्षति पहुँचाती हैं।

5. यदि यह क्षति इसी प्रकार चलती रही तो पर्यावरण की क्षति इतनी अधिक हो जाएगी कि उसके परिणाम घातक सिद्ध होंगे।

प्रश्न 2.
पर्यावरण में जैवमंडल के कार्य का वर्णन करें।
उत्तर:
जैविक प्रक्रिया अपनी ऊर्जा के लिए सूर्य किरणों पर निर्भर करती है। जैवमंडल का विकसित होना तथा जीवित रहना ऊर्जा के स्थानांतरण तथा पदार्थ पर ही निर्भर करता है। किसी क्षेत्र में पाए जाने वाले जीव-जंतु तथा पौधे वहाँ के भौतिक पर्यावरण से संबंधित होते हैं। एक क्षेत्र में रहने वाले सभी प्राणी एक-दूसरे पर निर्भर करते हैं। इस प्रकार एक क्षेत्र के प्रणी तथा वनस्पति न केवल भौतिक पर्यावरण में रहते हैं बल्कि एक-दूसरे पर निर्भर करते हैं। यह घटना जैवमंडल में ही घटती है।

पर्यावरण Class 7 HBSE Notes in Hindi

1. प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण (Natural Environment) : प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में प्राकृतिक घटक जैसे भूमि, जल और वायु तथा पेड़-पौधे, जानवर, मनुष्य आदि सम्मिलित हैं।

2. पर्यावरण के भाग (Spheres of Environment) : पर्यावरण के चार भाग हैं:

• वायुमंडल
• स्थलमंडल
• जलमंडल
• जैवमंडल।

3. पारितंत्र (Ecosystem) : वह तंत्र जिसमें समस्त जीवधारी आपस में एक-दूसरे के साथ तथा पर्यावरण के उन भौतिक एवं रासायनिक कारकों के साथ परस्पर क्रिया करते हैं जिसमें वे निवास करते हैं। ये सब ऊर्जा और पदार्थों के स्थानांतरण द्वारा संबद्ध हैं।

4. मानवीय पर्यावरण (Human Environment) : मानव अपने पर्यावरण के साथ अपनी आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार परिवर्तन करता है। मानव पर्यावरण के उदाहरण हैं-पुल, बाँध, उद्योग, स्मारक आदि।

Haryana Board HBSE 8th Class Maths Solutions

HBSE 8th Class Maths Solutions in English Medium

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 1 Rational Numbers

• Chapter 1 Rational Numbers InText Questions
• Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable

• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.5
• Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.6

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals

• Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals InText Questions
• Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 4 Practical Geometry

• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry InText Questions
• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Ex 4.5

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling

• Chapter 5 Data Handling InText Questions
• Chapter 5 Data Handling Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 Data Handling Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 Data Handling Ex 5.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots

• Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots InText Questions
• Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 Square and Square Roots Ex 6.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 7 Cube and Cube Roots

• Chapter 7 Cube and Cube Roots InText Questions
• Chapter 7 Cube and Cube Roots Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 Cube and Cube Roots Ex 7.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities

• Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities InText Questions
• Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities

• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities InText Questions
• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Ex 9.3
• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Ex 9.4
• Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Ex 9.5

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 10 Visualizing Solid Shapes

• Chapter 10 Visualizing Solid Shapes InText Questions
• Chapter 10 Visualizing Solid Shapes Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 Visualizing Solid Shapes Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 Visualizing Solid Shapes Ex 10.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 11 Mensuration

• Chapter 11 Mensuration InText Questions
• Chapter 11 Mensuration Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 Mensuration Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 Mensuration Ex 11.3
• Chapter 11 Mensuration Ex 11.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers

• Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers InText Questions
• Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 13 Direct and Inverse Proportions

• Chapter 13 Direct and Inverse Proportions InText Questions
• Chapter 13 Direct and Inverse Proportions Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 Direct and Inverse Proportions Ex 13.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 14 Factorization

• Chapter 14 Factorization InText Questions
• Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs

• Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs InText Questions
• Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs Ex 15.1
• Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs Ex 15.2
• Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs Ex 15.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 16 Playing with Numbers

• Chapter 16 Playing with Numbers InText Questions
• Chapter 16 Playing with Numbers Ex 16.1
• Chapter 16 Playing with Numbers Ex 16.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Solutions in Hindi Medium

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 1 परिमेय संख्याएँ

• Chapter 1 परिमेय संख्याएँ InText Questions
• Chapter 1 परिमेय संख्याएँ Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 परिमेय संख्याएँ Ex 1.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण

• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.5
• Chapter 2 एक चर वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 2.6

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना

• Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Intext Questions
• Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Ex 3.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती

• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Intext Questions
• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 4.5

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन

• Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन Intext Questions
• Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन Ex 5.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल

• Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल Intext Questions
• Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 वर्ग और वर्गमूल Ex 6.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 7 घन और घनमूल

• Chapter 7 घन और घनमूल Intext Questions
• Chapter 7 घन और घनमूल Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 घन और घनमूल Ex 7.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 8 राशियों की तुलना

• Chapter 8 राशियों की तुलना Intext Questions
• Chapter 8 राशियों की तुलना Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 राशियों की तुलना Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 राशियों की तुलना Ex 8.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ

• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Intext Questions
• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.3
• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.4
• Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.5

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 10 ठोस आकारों का चित्रण

• Chapter 10 ठोस आकारों का चित्रण Intext Questions
• Chapter 10 ठोस आकारों का चित्रण Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 ठोस आकारों का चित्रण Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 ठोस आकारों का चित्रण Ex 10.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति

• • Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Intext Questions
  • Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 11.1
  • Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 11.2
  • Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 11.3
  • Chapter 11 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 11.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 12 घातांक और घात

• Chapter 12 घातांक और घात Intext Questions
• Chapter 12 घातांक और घात Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 घातांक और घात Ex 12.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात

• Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात Intext Questions
• Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात Ex 13.2

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन

• Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Intext Questions
• Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.4

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 15 आलेखों से परिचय

• Chapter 15 आलेखों से परिचय Intext Questions
• Chapter 15 आलेखों से परिचय Ex 15.1
• Chapter 15 आलेखों से परिचय Ex 15.2
• Chapter 15 आलेखों से परिचय Ex 15.3

HBSE 8th Class Maths Chapter 16 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना

• Chapter 16 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Intext Questions
• Chapter 16 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 16.1
• Chapter 16 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 16.2

Haryana Board HBSE 8th Class Hindi Solutions वसंत भाग 3

• Chapter 1 ध्वनि
• Chapter 2 लाख की चूड़ियाँ
• Chapter 3 बस की यात्रा
• Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती
• Chapter 5 चिट्ठियों की अनूठी दुनिया
• Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिये
• Chapter 7 क्या निराश हुआ जाए
• Chapter 8 यह सबसे कठिन समय नहीं
• Chapter 9 कबीर की साखियाँ
• Chapter 10 कामचोर
• Chapter 11 जब सिनेमा ने बोलना सीखा
• Chapter 12 सुदामा चरित
• Chapter 13 जहाँ पहिया हैं
• Chapter 14 अकबरी लोटा
• Chapter 15 सूरदास के पद
• Chapter 16 पानी की कहानी
• Chapter 17 बाज और साँप
• Chapter 18 टोपी

HBSE 8th Class Hindi Vyakaran व्याकरण

• वर्ण-विचार : उच्चारण और वर्तनी
• संधि
• शब्द-विचार
• शब्द-निर्माण
• संज्ञा
• संज्ञा के विकार
• सर्वनाम
• विशेषण
• क्रिया
• काल
• अव्यय (अविकारी शब्द)
• शब्द-ज्ञान (भंडार)
• वाक्य-विचार
• वाक्य-रचना की अशुद्धियाँ
• वाच्या
• पद-परिचय
• विराम-चिह्न
• मुहावरे-लोकोक्तियाँ
• अलंकार

HBSE 8th Class Hindi Rachana रचना

• पत्र-लेखन
• निबंध-लेखन
• अनुच्छेद लेखन

HBSE 8th Class Hindi अपठित बोध

• अपठित गद्यांश

Haryana Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions in Hindi Medium

HBSE Class 9 Social Science History: India and The Contemporary World – I (इतिहास-भारत और समकालीन विश्व-I)

• Chapter 1 फ्रांसीसी क्रांति
• Chapter 2 यूरोप में समाजवाद एवं रूसी क्रांति
• Chapter 3 नात्सीवाद और हिटलर का उदय
• Chapter 4 वन्य समाज एवं उपनिवेशवाद
• Chapter 5 आधुनिक विश्व में चरवाहे
• Chapter 6 किसान और काश्तकार
• Chapter 7 इतिहास और खेल : क्रिकेट की कहानी
• Chapter 8 पहनावे का सामाजिक इतिहास

HBSE Class 9 Social Science Geography: Contemporary India – I (भूगोल-समकालीन भारत-I)

• Chapter 1 भारत-आकार वे स्थिति
• Chapter 2 भारत का भौतिक स्वरूप
• Chapter 3 अपवाह
• Chapter 4 जलवायु
• Chapter 5 प्राकृतिक वनस्पति एवं वन्य जीवन
• Chapter 6 जनसंख्या

HBSE Class 9 Social Science Civics (Political Science): Democratic Politics – I (राजनीति विज्ञान-लोकतांत्रिक राजनीति-I)

• Chapter 1 समकालीन विश्व में लोकतंत्र
• Chapter 2 लोकतंत्र क्या? लोकतंत्र क्यों?
• Chapter 3 संविधान निर्माण
• Chapter 4 चुनावी राजनीति
• Chapter 5 संस्थाओं का कामकाज
• Chapter 6 लोकतांत्रिक अधिकार

HBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics (अर्थशास्त्र)

• Chapter 1 पालमपुर गाँव की कहानी
• Chapter 2 संसाधन के रूप में लोग
• Chapter 3 निर्धनता : एक चुनौती
• Chapter 4 भारत में खाद्य सुरक्षा

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions in English Medium

Haryana Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions History: India and The Contemporary World – I

• Chapter 1 The French Revolution
• Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
• Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
• Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism
• Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World
• Chapter 6 Peasants and Farmers
• Chapter 7 History and Sport: The Story of Cricket
• Chapter 8 Clothing: A Social History

Haryana Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Geography: Contemporary India – I

• Chapter 1 India-Size and Location
• Chapter 2 Physical Features of India
• Chapter 3 Drainage
• Chapter 4 Climate
• Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
• Chapter 6 Population

Haryana Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Civics (Political Science): Democratic Politics – I

• Chapter 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World
• Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
• Chapter 3 Constitutional Design
• Chapter 4 Electoral Politics
• Chapter 5 Working of Institutions
• Chapter 6 Democratic Rights

HBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics

• Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur
• Chapter 2 People as Resource
• Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter 4 Food Security in India

Haryana Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions in Hindi Medium

HBSE Class 10 Social Science History: India and The Contemporary World – II (इतिहास-भारत और समकालीन विश्व-II)

• Chapter 1 यूरोप में राष्ट्रवाद का उदय
• Chapter 2 इंडो-चाइना में राष्ट्रवादी आंदोलन
• Chapter 3 भारत में राष्ट्रवाद
• Chapter 4 भूमंडलीकृत विश्व का बनना
• Chapter 5 औद्योगीकरण का युग
• Chapter 6 काम, आराम और जीवन
• Chapter 7 मुद्रण संस्कृति और आधुनिक दुनिया
• Chapter 8 उपन्यास, समाज और इतिहास

HBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography: Contemporary India – II (भूगोल-समकालीन भारत-II)

• Chapter 1 संसाधन एवं विकास
• Chapter 2 वन और वन्य जीव संसाधन
• Chapter 3 जल संसाधन
• Chapter 4 कृषि
• Chapter 5 खनिज और ऊर्जा संसाधन
• Chapter 6 विनिर्माण उद्योग
• Chapter 7 राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था की जीवन रेखाएँ

HBSE Class 10 Social Science Civics (Political Science): Democratic Politics – II (राजनीति विज्ञान-लोकतांत्रिक राजनीति-II)

• Chapter 1 सत्ता की साझेदारी
• Chapter 2 संघवाद
• Chapter 3 लोकतंत्र और विविधता
• Chapter 4 जाति, धर्म और लैंगिक मसले
• Chapter 5 जन-संघर्ष और आंदोलन
• Chapter 6 राजनीतिक दल
• Chapter 7 लोकतंत्र के परिणाम
• Chapter 8 लोकतंत्र की चुनौतियाँ

HBSE Class 10 Social Science Economics: Understanding Economic Development (अर्थशास्त्र-आर्थिक विकास की समझ)

• Chapter 1 विकास
• Chapter 2 भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के क्षेत्रक
• Chapter 3 मुद्रा और साख
• Chapter 4 वैश्वीकरण और भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था
• Chapter 5 उपभोक्ता अधिकार

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions in English Medium

Haryana Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions History: India and The Contemporary World – II

• Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• Chapter 2 Nationalism in India
• Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World
• Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation
• Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World

Haryana Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography: Contemporary India – II

• Chapter 1 Resource and Development
• Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Water Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
• Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Haryana Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics (Political Science): Democratic Politics – II

• Chapter 1 Power Sharing
• Chapter 2 Federalism
• Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity
• Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste
• Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
• Chapter 6 Political Parties
• Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy
• Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

HBSE Class 10 Social Science Economics: Understanding Economic Development

• Chapter 1 Development
• Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
• Chapter 3 Money and Credit
• Chapter 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
• Chapter 5 Consumer Rights