HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

HBSE 10th Class Geography Water Resources Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 25)

Water Resources HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 1.
From your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water.
Answer:
We can conserve water in the following ways :

1. We can form a group of water-conscious people and encourage our friends and neighbours to be part of this group.
2. We can also promote water conservation in community newsletters and on bulletin boards.
3. We should close the tap after brushing our teeth or washing our face.
4. We should use the bucket and mug for bathing, instead of showers.
5. We should avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily.
6. We should make sure that our home is leak-free. Many houses have leaking pipes, that go’ unnoticed.
7. While washing the vehicles, we should use water from a bucket instead of hose pipe,
8. We should not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or pulses. It can be used to water plants or put for the birds to drink.

Textbook (Page No. 26)

Chapter 3 Water Resources Geography HBSE Question 2.
Find out more about any one traditional method of building dams and irrigation works.
Answer:
Do this activity yourself with the help of your teacher.

Textbook (Page No. 27)

Water Resources Chapter 3 Question and Answer HBSE Question 3.
Make a list of inter-state water disputes.
Answer:

1. The Krishna-Godawari dispute between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
2. The Kavery water dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
3. The Ravi-Beas water dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
4. The Yamuna water dispute between Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Textbook (Page No. 31)

Question 4.
Find out other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around your locality.
Answer:
The other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around our locality are:
(a) Pond
(b) Bawadi
(c) Rooftop collection
(d) Check dams
(e) Kundi
(f) Dug wells.

Textbook (Page No. 32)

Question 5.
Collect information on how industries are polluting our water resources.
Answer:
Industries are polluting our water resources:

1. By disposing their industrial sewage.
2. By toxic wastes of leather tanneries.
3. By chemicals and polluted water from industries.

Question 6.
Enact with your classmates a scene of water dispute in your locality.
Answer:
Do this activity yourself with the help of your teacher.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions :

(i) Based on the information given below, classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’:
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer:
(a) Not suffering from water scarcity.
(b) Suffering from water scarcity.
(c) Suffering from water scarcity.
(d) Suffering from water scarcity.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects, by regulating water flow, help to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and homes.
Answer:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacement and loss of livelihood.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and re-write them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority ” was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Answer:
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have not helped in proper utilisation of water resources but further, create a big water scarcity problem.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers affects the river’s natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot, when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Nowadays, in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is declining due to plenty of water availability from the perennial Rajasthan Canal.

Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Answer:
Water becomes a renewable resource through the hydrological cycle. Water evaporates from the rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc., and as a result of condensation, it once again falls down as precipitation or rainfall. .

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Answer:
Water Scarcity:
Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water scarcity. According to fa, I ken Mark, a Swedish expert, “Water stress occurs when water availability is less than 1000 cubic metre per person per day”.

Reasons (Factors) Responsible for the Scarcity of Water in India:

The following factors or reasons or causes are responsible for the growing scarcity of water in India

1. Increasing Population: Increasing population of India is one of the main factors responsible for the scarcity of water.
2. Industrialisation: Post-independence, India witnessed intensive industrialisation. The ever-increasing number of industries has made matters worse, by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources. Industries, along with being heavy users of water, require a lot of power, which is produced from water. This is one of the main factors responsible for the scarcity of water.
3. The commercialisation of Agriculture: After the success of green revolution, Indian farmers are producing many commercial crops. Commercial crops such as rice need more water.
4. Over-exploitation of Water Resources: Over-exploitation of water is another factor responsible for the scarcity of water. To facilitate higher food-grain production, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. There are many states, such as Punjab and Haryana, which have over-exploited their water resources.
5. Urbanisation: Post-independence, India witnesses intensive urbanisation. This is another factor which is highly responsible for the scarcity of water.
6. Pollution of Water: Pollution of water resources is another factor which is responsible for water scarcity. Domestic and industrial waste, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture are the main factors responsible for the pollution of water.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river projects.
Answer:
Multipurpose River Projects

Advantages:
(a) They are the main sources of power.
(b) Water stored in dams is also used for irrigation.
(c) Due to availability of water, crops can be grown even in water-scarce areas.

Disadvantages:
(a) They have an adverse impact on the environment.
(b) They have an adverse impact on the fertility of soil.
(c) Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions, with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
In the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting is carried out in the following ways :
(a) Particularly in Rajasthan, ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water.
(b) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures, that allowed water to stand and moisten the soil, like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
(c) Particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses, traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.
(d) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
(e) The first spell of rain was usually not collected, as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected.
(f) The rainwater could be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall, making it an
an extremely an reliable source of drinking water, when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summer.

(ii) Describe how modem adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
(a) In hilly and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels, like the ‘guts’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas, for agriculture.-
(b) ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.
(c) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
(d) In arid and semi – arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures, that allowed water to stand and moisten the soil, like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and the ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
(e) In the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.
(f) Bamboo drip irrigation system is also being used in some states.
(g) Moreover, nowadays, we are harvesting rainwater in tanks, dams, reservoirs etc.

Knowledge Basket

Question 1.
Collect information about flood-prone areas of the country.
Note:
In flood-prone areas, mainly Bihar, West Bengal, Assam and hilly areas of Uttarakhand are included.

Question 2.
Draw diagrams to show the techniques of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:

(a) Recharge through Abandoned Dugwell
(b) Recharge through hand pump

Question 3.
Enlist major river-valley projects as under the following heads:
Answer:

• River on which it is located
• State or states
• Irrigated area.

River Valley Project	River on which located	State/States	Irrigated Areas
1. Bhakra Nangal	Satluj	Punjab & Himachal Pradesh	14 lakh hect.
2. Narmada valley	Narmada	Gujarat & Madhya Pradesh
3. Damodar valley	Damodar	West Bengal & Jharkhand	5 lakh hect.
4. Hirakud	Mahanadi	Odisha	7-5 lakh hect.
5. Tungbhadra	Tungbhadra	Andhra Pradesh	4 lakh hect.
6. Kosi Project	Kosi	Bihar	8-73 lakh hect.
7. Nagarjuna Sagar	Krishna	Andhra Pradesh	8-67 lakh hect.
8. Chambal valley	Chambal	Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh & Rajasthan	5 lakh hect.