Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements
HBSE 10th Class Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Intext Questions and Answers
Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 60-61)
Popular Struggles And Movements Class 10 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
Are you suggesting that strike, dharna, bandh and demonstration are good for democracy ?
Answer:
In a democracy, everyone is free to express their demands. For the purpose, he can adopt the methods of strike, dharna, bandh and demonstration. But these methods should be used only for the demands that are just or proper.
Popular Struggles And Movements Class 10 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 2.
Does it mean that whichever side manages to mobilise a bigger crowd gets away with whatever it wants? Are we saying that ‘Might is Right1 in a democracy?
Answer:
If an unjust demand is kept by a bigger crowd, the government is free to reject it. The government takes into consideration, only just demands andcan declare illegal, the ‘unjust1 demands. Hence, it is wrong to say that ‘Might is Right’ in a democracy.
Let Us Revise based Question (Page 61)
Popular Struggles And Movements HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of trees that were useful to the people. Suppose you belong to any of the following groups, what arguments would you put forward to defend your side : a local farmer, an environmental activist, a government official working in this company or just a consumer of paper.
Answer:
A Local Farmer : Eucalyptus plants destroy the trees growing in the vicinity. They will destroy the food of animals and after sometime the land would become barren. So, they should not be planted.
An Environmental Activist: The land area, where Eucalyptus is planted becomes barren after sometime. It also does not let other plants grow.
A Government Official Working in this Company: Being a Government official, my duty is to plant maximum possible eucalyptus plants.
A Consumer of Paper: I am glad that a company making paper pulp will be established. As a result, paper would be available at cheap cost.
Newspaper-based Question (Page 63)
HBSE 10th Class Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Question 4.
Can you identify the pressure groups functioning in the news clippings given here? What demand are they making?
Answer:
The pressure groups functioning in the news clippings are :
- AITUC union : It is protesting against the inclination towards U.S.A. in foreign policy. Journalists : The
- journalists are protesting against assault on a photographer.
- Delhi’s Traders : They are demanding timely refund of VAT dues to Delhi traders.
- Non-Governmental Organisations victims of Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
Cartoon-based Question (Page 66)
Question 5.
Do you think the cartoon exaggerates the obstructionist role of bureaucracy in the implementation of the Act?
Answer:
The cartoon shows that the Prime Minister is inaugurating ‘The Right to Information Act”. A person is trying to give information to the people, but in vain. The obstacles are government officials.
Newspaper-based Question (Page 66)
Question 6.
What are the social movements listed in these news clippings? What efforts are they making? Which sections are they trying to mobilise?
Answer:
The social movements listed in the news clippings are :
- M.P. Tribals are demanding unrestricted right to forest land.
- Social organisations are trying to unite the people of Rajasthan against administrative irregularities.
- The workers of the ‘Right to Information’ are trying to organise poor people against corruption in Public Distribution System.
- Tribals are protesting against their displacement from forests.
- KSSP is demanding for transparency in ADB loans.
Let Us Revise based Question (Page 68)
Question 7.
The Green democracy.
In the above passage, what relationship do you see between democracy and social movements? How should this movement respond to the government?
Answer:
In the passage, Wangari Maathai was encouraging the farmers for plantation. But she was very sad to know that the government had sold out the proposed land. This signified corruption by the government, and was also against democracy. According to her, a movement should be started against this corruption.
Cartoon-based Question (Page 68)
Question 8.
This cartoon is called ’News and No News’. Who is most often visible in the media? Whom are we most likely to hear about in newspapers?
Answer:
- Generally, a discussion is going on, regarding trader, minister, leader, player, etc.
- Day-to-day events.
HBSE 10th Class Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics by adopting the following methods :
- They carry out information campaigns, organise meetings, file petitions, etc. and try to influence media into giving more attention to these issues.
- They organise protest activities to force the government to take note of their demands.
- They take a political stance without being a party and have a political ideology and a political position on major issues.
Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.
Answer:
The relationship between pressure groups and political parties can take different forms :
- Sometimes, pressure groups are either formed or led by political leaders, and they act as extended arms of political parties.
- Sometimes, political parties grow out of movements. For example, the Asom movement, led by students against the foreigners led to the formation of the ‘Asom Gana Parishad’. The social reform movement (1930-40) of Tamil Nadu gave birth to political parties, the DMK and AIADMK.
- In most cases, the relationship between parties and pressure groups is not so direct. They often take positions that are opposite to each other.
Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:
The pressure groups have positive as well as negative impact on the functioning of a democratic government:
Negative Impact: Political parties get power after facing the people in election, so they are accountable to the people. However, since pressure groups do not get support from people therefore they are not accountable to the people.
Positive Impact: Government can often come under undue pressure from a group of rich and powerful people. Pressure groups or interest groups perform a useful role of countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the concerns of ordinary citizens.
Balancing Act: It means that if a group exerts pressure on government, another group will create counter pressure. No single group can achieve dominance over a society. This leads to balance of power.
Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
Pressure groups are organisations that tend to influence governmental policies. But, they do not control or share political power directly. Pressure groups are formed by the people of common occupation, interest and opinion to achieve a common objective. Examples are : ICCI (Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry), Labour Trade Unions, Students’ Unions, Vyapar Sangh, Women’s Unions, etc.
Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?”
Answer:
Political Party:
- A political party attains power in the country by contesting elections.
- Political parties have their own ideologies on the basis of which, they rule the country.
- Political parties have to remain very cautious as they have the responsibility to promote the interests of all sections of society.
Pressure Groups:
- Pressure Groups are formed by the people who have common occupations and common objectives.
- Pressure Groups attempt to influence government policies.
- Pressure groups are free from such type of responsibility.
Question 6.
Organizations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers and lawyers are called …………….. groups.
Answer:
Sectional Interest.
Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
Answer:
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do. Pressure groups do not seek to mobilize people, while parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
Question 8.
Match List I (organizations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1. Organisations that seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group. | A. Movement |
| 2. Organisations that seek to promote common interest. | B. Political Parties |
| 3. Struggles launched for the resolution of a social problem with or without an organisational structure. | C. Sectional Interest groups |
| 4. Organisations that mobilise people with a view to win political power. | D. Public Interest groups |
Options
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | C | D | B | A |
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
| (c) | D | C | B | A |
| (d) | B | C | D | A |
Answer:
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1. Pressure group | A. Narmada Bachao Andolan |
| 2. Long-term movement | B. Asom Gana Parishad |
| 3. Single issue movement | C. Women’s movement |
| 4. Political party | D. Fertilizer Dealers’ association |
Options
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | D | C | A | B |
| (b) | B | A | D | C |
| (c) | C | D | B | A |
| (d) | B | D | C | A |
Answer:
| (a) | D | C | A | B |
Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties :
A. Pressure groups are the organized expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B.
Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections were held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties, and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Answer:
In the beginning, political parties and governments paid no attention to the demand of the people of Mewat. But after some time, many pressure groups like Mewat Educational and Social Organisation, Mewat Saksharta Samiti, and Mewat Vikas Sabha, raised their voices in favor of this demand. Now, it became a movement. As a result, two major political parties of Haryana, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal also supported this movement. This put pressure on the government and due to the coming assembly elections, the government accepted the demand for a separate district of Mewat. On the other hand, Narmada Bachao Andolan could not get much support of any political party, so it could not achieve its objective.