HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

HBSE 9th Class Social Science History Nazism and the Rise of Hitler TextBook Questions and Answers

HBSE 9th Class History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Question 1.
Describe the problems faced by the VVeimer Republic.
Answer:
The following were the problems faced by the Weimer Republic.
1. Economic Crisis – Immediately after World War I, both the people and the government faced adverse economic problems. Industrial development was low; agriculture was in a bad shape and the German mark began to fall. Inflation rose high; unemployment was unprecedented; loan raised during the war was to be paid in gold.

2. Reparation – Germany was declared war guilty. She Was to pay the huge war bill. The Weimer Republic inherited this problem; it Was to pay 6 billion pounds. As Germany’s economic position was dwindling, it was not possible for her to pay the annual installment, that she was to pay to the victorious: countries.

3. Adverse effects of War – The Weimer Republic had to face the adverse effects of the war. The Weimer Republic lost her overseas territories; her forces were reduced to the point of national security.

4. Political Radicalism – The Weimer Republic witnessed a revolutionary, uprising of the Spartacist League who wanted Germany to have Soviet-style governance; their opponents wanted to make Germany a democratic state.

Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler History HBSE 9th Class Question 2.
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer:
Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930. The Nazis promised the people of Germany to get them everything they lost during World War I. They inculcated in them the spirit of German nationalism, restoring the dignity of the German people. They also promised employment and all economic recovery. They assured them that they would weed out all foreign influences and resist all foreign conspiracies against Germany.

Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Chapter 3 HBSE 9th Class History Question 3.
What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer:
The chief features of Nazi thinking can be stated as under:

• The state is above all. According to fo this Nazi philosophy, “People exist for the state rather the state, for the people.”
• It was in favor of ending all types of parliamentary institutions and glorifying the rule of a great leader.
• It extolled war and glorified the use of force.
• It was in favor of completely rooting out liberalism, socialism, and communism.
• It preached extreme hatred against the German Jews who were responsible, for the economic misery of the people.
• It was in favor of crushing any types of opposition and all sorts of party formations.
• It aimed at increasing the German empire and acquiring all the colonies which she had been occupying before the war.
• It aimed at increasing the German military power and wanted to increase the German influence all over the world.

Question 4.
Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating hatred for the Jews.
Answer:
Nazi propaganda was very effective in creating hatred for the Jews. The Jews were projected as undesirable. They were accused of killing Christ; dubbed as ritual, murderers and usurers. Accordingly, they were thought to be the enemies of the Germans and hence were to be condemned to death camps. Hitler thought of the Jews as belonging to the lowest race, and the Aryans, to the finest one.

Question 5.
Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph impairing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Answer:
The role of women in Nazi society was insignificant as compared to men. Women were considered inferior to men in every respect in Hitler’s regime. Hitler thought of German women as bearers of the Aryan culture: He once said, “We do not consider it correct for the woman to interfere in the world of man. He continued saying that the woman gives in eternal self-sacrifice, in eternal pain and suffering.” In Germany, women who produced racially desirable children were awarded, and those bearing racially undesirable children were punished.

As compared to the women of the French Revolution days, the German women of Hitler’s days were confined to the four walls of the house, producing children of racially high quality. The women of the French Revolution took part in public life in so far as they participated in the struggle for liberty and equality. Unlike the wqmefn of Nazi. Germany, the women of the French Revolution days took part in political activities. The German women, during the times of Hitler, were treated secondarily and as second-rate citizens.

Question 6.
In what way did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer:
The Nazi state sought to establish total control over its people in numerous ways. Some of tire major ways, in this regard, can be stated briefly as under:

• Through the Enabling Act of March 1933, a dictatorship was established in Germany. Hitler got all powers through decrees.
• All political parties and trade unions were banned except the Nazi party.
• The state established complete control over the economy, media, army, and judiciary.
• Security forces were created to control and order society in ways the Nazis wanted. Gestapo, the secret state police, began functioning effectively; it could detain people in torture chambers.

HBSE 9th Class Socia Science History Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Important Questions and Answers 

Question 1.
Who were ‘Nazis’?
Answer:
Persons who had no faith in democracy and socialism and believed in a dictatorship. They were very brutal.

Question 2.
Who was the leader of ‘The Nazis’?
Answer:
Hitler.

Question 3.
Name the party which was founded by Hitler.
Answer:
National Socialist German Worker’s Party (for short, Nazi Party).

Question 4.
When the Nazi Party was founded?
Answer:
In 1921. .

Question 5.
In which year Hitler was appointed as the Chancellor of Germany?
Answer:
Hitler was appointed as the Chancellor of Germany by the President of Germany on 30 January 1933.

Question 6.
What is meant by ‘Reichstag’?
Answer:
The German Parliament was known as the ‘Reichstag’.

Question 7.
In which year Hitler become the President of Germany?
Answer:
In 1934.

Question 8.
Mention the countries and places Nazi Germany occupied between 1937 and 1939. –
Answer:

• Rhineland. (March 1936)
• Austria (March 1938)
• Switzerland (September, 1938)
• Czechoslovakia (March, 1939)
• Poland (September, 1939)

Question 9.
Name the axis powers during World War-II.
Answer:
Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Question 10.
Name the Allied Powers of the World War II.
Answer:
France, Great Britain and later joined
by the USSR and the USA and other friendly nations.

Question 11.
What is genocidal war?
Answer:
The’ vvar Germany had waged against the selected groups and the civilians: of Europe.

Question 12.
Name the treaty signed after World War-I between and victorious countries.
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles.

Question 13.
Why is called the German Republic called as the Weimer Republic?
Answer:
A national assembly had met at a place called Weimer to establish a democratic polity’. That is why it is called the Weimer I Republic.

Question 14.
Who are called the November Criminals?
Answer:
The supporters of the Weimer Republic were called the November Criminals.

Question 15.
Explain the rise of Nazism in Germany.
Answer:
Germany had imperial ambitions and thus had sought to satisfy her imperial ambitions through war but she had suffered defeat. The outbreak of revolution in Germany towards the end of the First World War led to the collapse of the German monarchy. However, even though Germany became a republic, the forces behind the monarchy – the industrialists, the big landowners and the officers of the army remained quite powerful. The government of the German republic was not able to destroy their power. These forces began to turn to the anti-democratic forces represented by Nazism to extend their power and to check the power of the socialist movement. By 1933, Nazis became the ruler of Germany’.

Question 16.
Discuss the reasons that motivated Hitler to conquer Czechoslovakia in violation of the Munich Pact
Answer:
Germany coveted Czechoslovakia because it was very important due to her industries. The area also had strategic importance of the expansion of Germany in the east toward the Soviet Union. Sudetenland, which was, a part of Czechoslovakia, had a substantial German population. This area formed about one-fifth of the area of Czechoslovakia and had one of the largest ammunition factories in the world. As per the Munich Pact, Britain and France had agreed to Hitler’s occupation only of Sudetenland arid not the whole of Czechoslovakia.

Question 17.
Briefly describe the characteristics of the Weiner Constitution.
Answer:

• A German Republic Federation was to be established in the country which was to be called ‘Reich’.
• The Federal government would have the right to look after safety; education, cinema, transport and some other subjects.
• The fundamental rights Were given to the citizens.
• The men and women of more than twenty years of age were granted the right of voting.
• The real power of the executive was vested in the Council of Ministers which was responsible to the Parliament.
• There were arrangements for a referendum, initiative and. recall in this constitution.

Question 18.
Give an account of the genocide committed by the Nazis.
Answer:
The genocide committed by the Nazis had no parallel in the history of the world. During Hitler’s regime, the number of people killed included 6 million Jews, 200,000 Gypsies, 1 million Polish civilians, 70,000 Germans who were considered mentally and physically disabled, besides innumerable political opponents. Putting to death such a large number of people had required the mass-scale gassing of humans in various killing centres like Auschwitz.

Question 19.
Evaluate the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles also called peace treaty 1919, was signed between Germany on the one hand, and the Allied powers on the other. The peace treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 percent of its territories, 75 per net of its iron and 26 per cent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.

The Allied Powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power. The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages the Allied countries suffered. Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting’ to £ 6 billion. The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhinelarid for much of the 1920s.

Question 20.
What was the impact of World War I on Europe, and especially on Germany?
Answer:
The war had a devastating impact on the entire continent both psychologically and financially. From a continent of
creditors, Europe turned into one of the debtors. Unfortunately, the infant Weimar Republic was being made to pay for the sins of the old. empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation.

Question 21.
State the two major defects of the Weimer constitution and its effects.
Answer:
The Weimer constitution had some inherent defects, which made it unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. One was proportional representation. This made achieving a majority by any one party a near impossible task, leading to a rule by coalitions. Another, defect was Article 48, which gave the President the powers to’ impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree.

Question 22.
How did the common people react to Nazism ?
Answer:
Many common people saw Nazism through Nazi eyes and spoke their language. They had hatred for the Jews, marking their Jews neighours as suspicious ones.. But every German was not a Nazi. Many organised active resistance to Nazism. The large majority of the Germans’were passive onlookers and apathetic witnesses. They were too scared to act, to differ, to protest.

Question 23.
Who was Hitler ? How could he rise to power ?
Answer:
Bom in 1889 in Austria, Hitler, called as Fuhrer; spent his youth in poverty. When the First World War broke out, he enrolled for the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a corporal, and earned medals for bravery. The German defeat horrified him and the Versailles Treaty made him furious, In 1919, he joined a small group called the German Workers Party. He subsequently took over the organization arid renamed it the National Socialist German Workers Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party.

Hitler was a powerful speaker. His. passion and his words moved people. He promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people. Hitler devised a new style of politics. He understood the significance of rituals and spectacles in mobilising people. Nazis held massive rallies and public meetings to demonstrate their support for Hitler and instil a sense of unity among the people. The Red banners with the Swastika, the Nazi salute, and the ritualized rounds of applause after the speeches were all part of this spectacle of power.

Nazi propaganda skillfully projected Hitler as a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had arrived to deliver people from their distress. It is an image that captured the imagination of a people whose sense of dignity and pride had been shattered, and who were living in a time of acute economic and political crises..

Question 24.
Describe briefly the policies and programmes of the Nazi Party.
Answer:
The programme and policies of Nazi Party was:
1. To establish a vast German empire.
2. To end up the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles.
3. To increase the economic and military power of Germany.
4. To ban the coming of the foreign influence on Germany.
5. To recapture the lost colonies of Germany in the first world war.
6. Not to recognise jews as the citizens of Germany and to boycott them and not to give them important posts.
7. To put an end to those parties which propagated against nationalism.
8. To oppose communism.
9. Not to set up parliamentary system of Government that was detrimental to the interest of country.

Question 25.
Give a brief account of Hitler’s foreign policy. How did he launch his offences ?
Answer:
In foreign policy, Hitler did acquire a measure of success. He left the League of Nations in 1933; reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936; arid integrated Austria arid Germany in 1938 under the slogan, one people, one empire, one leader. He then went on to wrest German speaking Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, and gobbled up the entire country.

In all of this he had the unspoken support of England, which had considered the Versailles verdict too harsh. These quick successes at home and abroad seemed to reverse the destiny of the country. Hitler chose war as the way out of approaching economic crisis. Resources were to be accumulated through expansion of territory. In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. He started a war with France and England. In September 1940, a Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany, Italy, and japari, strengthening Hitler’s claim to international power.

Puppet regimes, supportive of Nazi Germany, were installed in a large part of Europe. By the end of 1940, Hitler was at the pinnacle of his power. Hitler now moved to achieve his longterm aim of conquering Eastern Europe. He wanted to ensure food suplies and living space for GermAnswer: He attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941. In this historic blunder Hitler exposed the German western front to British aerial bombing and the easten front to the powerful Soviet armies.

Question 26.
‘With Hitler coming to the power, democracy in Germany was systematically destroyed’. Explain the statement.
Answer:
On 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg offered the chancellorship, the highest position in the cabinet of ministers,
to Hitler. Having acquired power, Hitler set out to dismantle the structures of democratic rule. A mysterious fire broke out in the German Parliament building. Hitler held the communists responsible for it, repressing them severely. On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by decree. All political; parties and trade unions were harmed except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.

Apart from the already existing regular police in green uniform and the SA or. the Storm Troopers, these included the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), criminal police and the Security Service (SD). It was the extra-constitutional powers of these newly organised forces that gave the Nazi state its reputation as the most dreaded criminal state.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct (✓) and the wrong (✗) from the following:
(i) Germany fought the World War I as . one the central powers.
(ii) The defeated Germany signed the peace treaty at London.
(ui) The Weimer Republic belongs to France.
(iv) Hitler was bom in 1889 in Germany.
(u) The name of the party founded by Hitler was popjularly known as the Fascist Party.
Answer:
(i) (✓)
(ii) (✗)
(iii) (✗)
(iv) (✗)
(y) (✓)

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks from the words given in the brackets:
(i) …………. was a nation fought as the allied power. (Britain, Germany)
(ii) ………… Adolf Hitler wrote the book, called (Doctrine of Fascism, Mein Kampf)
(iii) The Nazi party was opposed to the ……….. (Jews, Aryans)
(iv) Reichstag was the name of the …………….. parliament (French, German)
(v) The Treaty of Versailles was signed in …………. (1918,1919)
Answer:
(f) Britain
(ii) Mein Kampf
(iii) Jews,
(iv) German
(vi) 1919.

Question 3.
Select the correct answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Sudetenland, a part of the following, was taken away by Germany through the Munich Pact:
(a) Yugoslavia
(b) Czechoslovakia
(c) France
(d) Britain
Answer:
(b) Czechoslovakia

(ii) Germany attacked the USSR in the following year:
(a) May, 1941
(b) June, 1941
(e) July 1941
(d) August 1941
Answer:
(b) June, 1941

(iii) The USA had bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki which are the two cities of the following:
(a) China
(b) France
(c) Japan
(d) Italy
Answer:
(c) Japan

(iv) Hitler was a racist and was influenced by:
(a) Darwin
(b) Marx
(c) Hegal
(d) Rousseau
Answer:
(a) Darwin

(v) The war criminals were tried at the following place:
(a) Berlin
(b) Bonn
(c) Nuremberg
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Nuremberg

(vi) Hitler became chanceller of Germany in:
(a) 1933
(b) 1934
(c) 1935
(d) 1936
Answer:
(a) 1933

(vii) According to the. Nazi propaganda, one of the dangers was the German capitalism, the following was the other:
(a) Bolshevism
(b) Anarchism
(c) Liberalism
(d) None of the these
Answer:
(a) Bolshevism