HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resourcer Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Economics People as Resource Intext Questions and Answers

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Social Economics Class HBSE 9th Class Question 1.
Do you notice any difference between the two friends? What are those?
Answer:
Yes there was a difference between two friends Sakai and Vilas. Sakai was a healthy boy whereas Vilas was a patient of arthritis.
Sakai had done a vocational course in computers which helped him in getting a job in a private firm. Both his parents were eager to teach him. On the other hand, Vilas was illiterate. Vilas, did not have father. His mother earned a meager income of Rs. 20 to 30 a day. There was no family to support him. Therefore he could not go to school. As such he like his mother started selling fish therefore, could earn only a meager income.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

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People As Resource Question Answer HBSE 9th Class Question 1.
Study the graph below and answer the following questions?
1. Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
2. In which year India has the highestliteracy rates?
3. Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?
4. Why are women less educated than men?
5. How would you calculate literacy.
6. What is your projection about India’s literacy rate in 2010?

Number of institutions of higher education enrolment and faculty.
HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource - 1

Answer:
1. Literacy rates have increased from 18% in 1951 to 65% in 2001.
2. Literacy rate is highest in the year 2001.
3. Literacy rate is high among males of x India because from the very beginning girls are neglected. Equal opportunities are not given to them. In our society it is thought that boys are the bread earners, therefore, they enjoy many privileges.
4. Women are less educated because it is thought their work is to perform household chores. They are not given equal opporunities
5. Do it yourself.
6. The government of India has started

many policies to increase literacy rate in India. Policies like Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, back-to- school camps, mid-day meal etc, could add to literate population of India. With such policies it seems that we will be able to achieve 100% literacy rate by 2010 at least in the age group of six to fourteen years.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

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People As Resource Solutions HBSE 9th Class Question 1.
Discuss this table in the classroom and answer the following questions.
(i) Is the increase in number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of strident.
(ii) Do you think one should have more number of universities?
(iii) What is the increase noticed among the teachers in the year 1998-99.
(iv) What is your idea about future college and universities?
Number of institutions of higher education enrolment and faculty

Year Number of colleges Number of universides Students Teachers
1950-51 750 30 2,63,000 24,000
1990-91 7,346 177 49,25,000 2,72,000
1996-97 9,703 214 67,55,0003 21,000
1998-99 11,089 238 74,17,000 3,42,000

Answer:
(i) Over the past fifty years, there has been a significant growth in the number of university and institutions of higher learning in specialized areas. But still as compared to the number of students the number of universities is not adequate.
(ii) Yes, we should have more number of universities.
(iii) There has been a tremendous and manifold increase in the number of teachers. In the year 1950-51, there were only 24,000 teachers. By the year 1998-99 it rose to 3,42,000.
(iv) The future college’s and universities should focus more on quality of education. They should encourage vocational courses, networking and information technology which helps in getting direct jobs* They should also focus on distant education.

Economics 9th Class Chapter 2 HBSE Question 2.
Study the table 2.2 and answer the following questions,
(i) What is the percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951 to 2001?
(ii) What is the percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 1951 to 2001?
(iii) Do you think the increase in the number of doctor and nurses adequate for India ? Why?
(iv) What other facilities would you like to provide in a hospital?
(v) Discuss about the hospital you have visited ?
(vi) Can you draw graph using this table.
Health infrastructure over the years.

1951 1981 2001
SC/PHC/CHC 725 57,363 1,63,181
Dispensaries and Hospitals 9,209 23,555 43,322
Beds 1,17,198 5,69,495 8,70,161
Doctors (Allopathy) 61,800 ‘ 2,68,700 5,03,900
Nursing personnel 18,054 1,43,887 7,37,000

Answer:
(i) The percentage increase in dispensaries from 1951 to 2001 is 370.43.
(ii) The percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 1951 to 2001 is 715.37 and 3982.2.
(iii) Over the past five decades India has built up a vast health infrastructure and man¬power required at primary secondary and tertiary care in government as well as private’ sector. But still as compared to our population growth the increase in number of doctprs and nurses is inadequate. For a population of above 100 crores we have only 5,03,900 doctors and 7,37,000 nurses.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

(iv) Apart from routine check up and curing of illness, health centres like hospitals should provide information on nutritional values, family welfare, health awareness etc specially among underprivileged segment of population. Health centres should organise camps to provide information regarding hygiene, nutritious diet, viral diseases etc.
(v) Students are required to do it themselves
HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource - 2

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Economics People as Resource Textbook Questions and Answers

People As Resource HBSE 9th Class Question 1.
What do you understand by people as a resource?
Answer:
People as a resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Like other resources population is Iso a resource. This is looking at the positive de of population. When the existing human resource is developed by providing good education and health facility it is called as human capital formation.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 HBSE Question 2.
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer:
Human capital is superior to other resources like land and physical capital. It can make use of land and capital. Infact, land and capital cannot become useful on its own. Skilled and educated population make the efficient use of other resources like land and capital.

Question 3.
What is the role of education in human capital formation ?
Answer:
Education plays a vital role in human capital formation. Education opens new horizon, provides aspiration and develop values of life. It contributes towards the growth of society. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and increase the efficiency of governance. Investment in human capital through education yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This, can be seen directly in the form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or better trained persons.

Question 4.
What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer:
A healthy person has higher produc-tivity than an unhealthy person. The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes the liability for an organisation which hires him. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s own well being. Investment in human capital via health yields greater return in future therefore, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Question 5.
What part does health play in the individual’s working life.
Answer:
A healthy person has higher produc-tivity than an unhealthy person. The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes the liability for an organisation which hires him. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s own well being. Investment in human capital via health yields greater return in future therefore, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country.

Question 6.
What are the various activities are undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer:
The various activities undertaken in different sectors are as follows-
(i) Primary sector-It includes agriculture, fishing, poultry farming and mining.
(ii) Secondary sector-Quarrying and manufacturing are included in the secondary sector.
(iii) Tertiary sector-This sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services etc.

Question 7.
What is the difference between economic activities? and non-economic activities?
Answer:
An activity which results in the generation of income is called an economic activity, for example, workers working in factories, banks etc. On the other hand, an activity which does not give any income is called a non-economic activity, for example, a woman performing domestic chores. Economic activities add to national income whereas noneconomic activities do not add to it.

Question 8.
Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Answer:
Education and skill are the major determinants of the earnings of any individual in the market. A majority of women have meagre education and low-skill formation. Therefore, women are paid low compared to men.

Question 9.
How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer:
Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at existing wages cannot find jobs. Unemployment can be of many types. In India, two types of unemployment are prominent seasonal and disguised unemployment. Unemployment leads to the wastage of resources and is detrimental to the growth of an economy.

Question 10.
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer:
Disguised unemployment is a situation in which number of people engaged in an activity are more than actually required for it. On the other hand, when some people get work only for s^me part of the year and remain unemployed for the remaining part due to seasonal nature of work, it is called as seasonal unemployment.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Question 11.
Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India.
Answer:
In India, in case of urban areas educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find job. The unemployment of graduate and post-graduate has increased faster than among matriculates. A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as surplus of manpower in-certain categories co-exist with shortage of manpower in others. There is unemployment among technically qualified person on one hand, while there is a dearth of technical skills required for economic growth.

Question 12.
In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity.
Answer:
India can build the maximum employment opportunity in tertiary sector. Now various new services are appearing like biotechnology information technology and so on.

Question 13.
Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed ?
Answer:
Following are some measures to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed –
(i) to start vocational courses which can provide immediate job.
(ii) government can provide loan at low interest rate to help unemployed youth to start their own business.
(iii) by allowing foreign companies to set up their industries in India. This will help absorb the man-power. themselves. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. They accordingly look after their children’s need for education and good health. A virtuous cycle is thus created in this case. In contrast, a vicious cycle may be created by disadvantaged parents who, themselves uneducated and lacking in hygiene, keep their children in a similarly, disadvantaged state.

Question 13.
Discuss economic activities.
Answer:
The activities that add value to the. national income are called as economic activities. Economic activities are classified into two parts-market activities and non-market activities: Market activities involve, remuneration to any one. who performs i.e. activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services including government service. Non¬market activities are the production for self consumption, These can be consumption and production of primary product and own account of production of fixed assets.

Question 1.4.
Clarify the division of labour between men and women.
Answer:
Due to historical and cultural reasons there is a division of labour between men and women in the family. Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields , WOmencook food, clean utensils, wash clothes, clean the house and look after children. They are not paid for these services. Therefore, her services are not included in national income. On the other hand, men produce goods and services to sell in the market and earn money for the family. But nowadays even women go out to work. They are paid for their work. Their earnings like that of the male are determined on the basis of education and skill.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Question 15.
Explain seasonal and disguised unemployment.
Answer:
Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. Certain months do not provide much work to the people dependent on agriculture. But in case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. It is most common in agriculture sector. In agriculture the work which can be performed by five workers is mostly done by eight people. Three workers are extra. If these three are removed the productivity of the field will not decline. These three are disguisedly unemployed.

Question 16.
What role does health and education play in human capital formation ? What provisions have been made in India for improving health and education standards ?
Answer:
Investment is made in human resource viz. health and education and this investment yields return in future in the form, of higher productivity. Education and health adds to the quality of labour. This enhances the total productivity of a person. Total productivity adds to the growth of the economy. Educated people get better paid jobs. Also, a person who is physically fit is able to perform his work better than the one who is physically unfit.

The people who are educated and;have good health are able to make efficient use of other resource like land and capital. In India provisions have been made for providing universal access, retention-and quantity in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls. There’s also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district. Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number1 of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.

The government has started various policies to increase literacy rates. For example, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, back-to-school camps mid-day meal scheme. As a result literacy ’rates have increased from 18% in 1951 to 65% in 2001. Sirhilarto education health is necessary for performing duties adequately. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s well being.

Henceforth, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of a the country. Our national policy too, aimed at improving the accessibility of health care, family Welfare and nutritional services with special focus on underprivileged segment of population. In last fifty years India has built up a vast.health infrastructure and man-power required at primary secondary and tertiary care in government as well as in the private sector.

Question 17.
Write a shortnote on unemployment.
Answer:
Unemployment is a situation when people who are willing, to work at the existing Wages are note able to find job. Unemployment can exist in both urban and rural areas. However, the nature of the unemployment differs in rural and urban areas. In case of rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens when people who are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. In case of disguised unemployment, number of persons performing, the work are more than actually required for it.

HBSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource and tends to increase economic overload. People who are. an asset for the economy turn into a liability. There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. Due to unemployment the dependence on the working .population increases. The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of depressed economy.

Question 18.
Discuss the employment scenario in the three sectors of the economy.
Answer:
The-three sectors of the economy are primary or agriculture, secondary and tertiary sector. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing’sector of the economy. But it is characterised with disguised unemployment. In case of agriculture, the whole family works in the field even though not-everybodv is really needed. So there is disguised unemployment in the agriculture sector.

In recent years there has been a decline in the dependence of population on agriculture partly because, of disguised unemployment. Some of the surplus labour has moved to either the secondary or the tertiary sector. In the secondary sector, small scalejnanufacturing is the most labour absorbing. In case of the tertiary sector, various new services are now appearing like biotechnology, information technology and so on.

Some Important Facts:

1. Human capital-Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge: embodied in the population.
2. Human capital formation-When the existing human resource’ is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, we call it human capital formation. It adds to the productive power of the country.
3. Economic activities-The activities that add value to the national income are called as economic activities.
4. National income-National income is sum total of goods and services produced in a country.
5. Unemployment-Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the existing wages cannot find jobs.
6. Seasonal unemployment-When people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year, it is called as seasonal unemployment.
7. Disguised unemployment-When more than one person performs a work that can be performed by one person, it is called as disguised unemployment.

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