Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India
HBSE 10th Class History Nationalism in India Intext Questions and Answers
Activity (Page No. 31)
Class 10 History Chapter 2 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 1.
Read the text carefully. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean when he said satyagraha is active resistance ?
Answer:
Gandhiji meant that satyagraha does not mean to inflict pain on the enemy, rather it is the pure soul force. Truth is the substance of soul and so, it is the substance of satyagraha. It does not mean destruction, but it means to clear the minds of enemies and convert destructive thoughts into constructive ones, by showing them love, compassion and truth. Hence, satyagraha is active resistance.
Activity (Page No. 34)
Nationalism in India Class 10 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
The year is 1921. You are a student in a government-controlled school. Design a poster urging school students to answer Gandhiji’s call to join the Non-cooperation Movement.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of the textbook.
Activity (Page No. 35)
Class 10 History Chapter 2 HBSE Question 1.
If you were a peasant in Uttar Pradesh in 1920, how would you have responded to Gandhiji’s call for Swaraj? Give reasons for your response.
Answer:
If I were a peasant in Uttar Pradesh in 1920,1 would have responded to Gandhiji’s call for Swaraj in a positive non-violent manner because, in many places, local leaders told me that Gandhiji had declared that no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed among the poor.
Activity (Page No. 36)
Question 1.
Find out about other participants in the National Movement who were captured and put to death by the British. Can you think of a similar example from the national movement in Indo-China (Chapter 2)?
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Activity (Page No. 48)
Question 1.
Look at textbook Figs. 12 and 14. Do you think these images will appeal to all castes and communities? Explain your views briefly.
Answer:
No, I don’t think these images will appeal to all castes and communities of India, because these images show Bharat Mata in the incarnation of Hindu goddess. This gives a religious outlook to the image. The image should reflect the nationalist idea of unity of all castes and communities.
Discuss (Page No. 43)
Question 1.
Why did various classes and groups of Indians participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer:
To enhance their limited benefits, various classes and groups of Indians participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Their participation had the following reasons :
- For the rich peasant communities, the meaning of the movement was the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue.
- Poor peasants considered Swaraj as the time when they would have their own land, and would not have to pay rents or do begar.
- To businessmen, Swaraj meant a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist, and trade and industry would flourish without any obstruction.
- Working class dreamt of high wages and excellent working conditions.
- Women took Swaraj as the attainment of elevated status, and equality with men in Indian society.
Discuss (Page No. 45)
Question 1.
Read the Source D carefully. Do you agree with Iqbal’s idea of communalism ? Can you define communalism in a different way?
Answer:
No, I do not agree with Iqbal’s idea of communalism because it was based upon the thought that India is a land of racial and religious diversity. Therefore, it needs a separate electorate for Muslims. I think, communalism is controlled by, and limited to a specific or local community. It does not have any element of nation in it, which was the motive of nationalists’ struggle for independence of India.
HBSE 10th Class History Nationalism in India Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Explain :
(a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.
(b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.
(c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.
(d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement.
Answer:
(a) (i) In India, as in other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism, provided a shared bond, that tied many different groups together.
(ii) The European powers considered their culture to be more civilised, modern and superior. They forcefully started imposing their culture on the colonies. This also aroused the feeling of nationalism.
(iii) The anti-colonial movement was a united struggle by the people against the foreigners. The united struggle was responsible for arousing and developing the spirit of nationalism.
(b) (i) Heavy loss of men and materials in first world war created new political and economic situations in the country.
(ii) During the war, the villagers were forcibly recruited in army and had to do begar, that led to widespread anger among Indians.
(iii) Failure of crops at the same time and no support from the government created extra discontent among the people.
(iv) The war led to a huge increase in defence expenditure, that forced government to generate more revenue by imposing taxes.
(c) (i) Rowlatt Act gave the British government enormous powers to repress political activities. Under this Act, detention of political prisoners without trial, for two years, was allowed. This led to widespread discontent among Indians.
(d) Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement in 1922, due to violent incident of Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, in which, 22 policemen were burnt alive by the angry crowd.
Question 2.
What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?
Answer:
- Satyagraha was a non – violent method of mass agitation against the oppressor.
- It emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, there was no need for physical force to fight the oppressor.
- Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
- People, including the oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.
- By this struggle, truth was bound to be victorious.
Question 3.
Write a newspaper report on:
(a) The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(b) The Simon Commission
Ans.
(a) On 13 April 1919, large crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi. Some people came to protest against the new repressive measures adopted by the British government, that is, imposition of Rowlatt Act. General Dyer, the Commander, in order to teach the people a lesson for violating the martial law, came in with a small military force and fired upon the unarmed citizens, women and children too, killing hundreds of them.
(b) The Simon Commisson was constituted by the Tory Government in Britain under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The objective of the commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India, and suggest changes. But, nationalists in India opposed the commission. This was because it had not a single Indian member. They were all Britishers. Therefore, when the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan ‘Go Back Simon’. All parties, including Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.
Question 4.
Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in chapter 1.
Answer:
Image of Bharat Mata:
- It was the symbol of Indian nation.
- It was painted by Abanindranath Tagore in year 1905.
- In this picture, the mother figure is shown as dispensing learning, food and clothing. The garland in one hand emphasises her ascetic quality.
- Bharat Mata is shown as a calm, composed, divine and spiritual lady.
Image of Germania:
- It was the symbol of German Nation.
- It was painted by Philip Veit in year 1848.
- In this picture, Germania is shown carrying a sword in one hand and a flag in another hand.
- Germania is shown as a brave and courageous lady, who is protecting her nation.
Discuss
Question 1.
List all the different social groups which joined the Non-cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.
Answer:
(i) The different social groups which joined the Non-cooperation Movement of 1921 are :
(a) Middle-class people in towns, like students, teachers, doctors, lawyers, etc.
(b) Political parties except the Justice Party of Madras, the party of Non-Brahmans.
(c) Peasants in rural areas.
(d) Plantation workers.
(e) Tribal people.
(ii) (a) Middle – Class People in Towns : The middle-class people in cities responded to the call of Swaraj. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. Foreign goods were boycotted by middle class people The middle-class people in the towns took part in this movement because they saw the movement as a way to freedom from foreign domination.
(b) Peasants in Rural Areas : From several rural areas, peasants joined the Non¬cooperation Movement. The movement was primarily against landlords and talukdars. They had taken part in this movement because they hoped that by doing so, they would be saved from both, the oppressive landlords and the high revenue taxes of the British Colonial Government.
(c) Plantation Workers : Plantations workers joined the movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. They also stood to gain by this movement. They had taken part in this agitation with the hope that they would get the right to move freely in and outside the confined space of the plantation. They hoped that once swaraj came everyone would be given land in his own village.
Question 2.
Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism. (CBSE 2017. 2018, Delhi outside!
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhiji launched his Civil Disobedience Movement with his famous Dandi March (or Salt March) on March 12, 1930. The Salt March started from Sabarmati Ashram. Gandhiji marched on foot to a small village Dandi (Gujarat), on the Western Coast of India. He was accompanied by 78 followers. He reached Dandhi on April 6, 1930 and there, he broke the salt laws.
1. To break any British law was surely an important step against colonialism. Especially, when such a law, as salt law was broken, it had a far wider repercussion on the whole structure of colonialism because salt, being a commodity of every individual’s consumption, was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly was seen as an oppressive act of the colonial government.
2. Over the whole journey of 240 miles from Gandhiji’s Ashram in Sabarmati to Dandi, thousands of people came daily to hear Mahatma Gandhi, who told them the meaning of Satyagraha and Swaraj and urged them to defy the British peacefully.
3. On April 6, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi and his volunteers manufactured salt by boiling sea water. It was an open challenge to the British laws. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Thus, the Salt March proved to be an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
Question 3.
Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.
Answer:
When I walked with thousands of the like-minded women in a march under the Civil Disobedience Movement, the feeling of having done something for my beloved country came to my mind. I also participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign clothes and liquor shops. Like other women, I also went to jail. During the movement, I found that basically, women in urban areas from high caste families were more active, while in rural areas, they came from rich peasant households. While I marched on Gandhiji’s call, I also began to realize service to the nation as my sacred duty. Like other women, I also felt that some radical change in the position of women was visualized. I felt, that this movement put the women at par with Indian men, in company of a great guide – Mahatma Gandhi.
Question 4.
Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?
Answer:
Political leaders represented the different classes and communities of Indian society. For example, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar led oppressed classes or Dalits of India. Similarly, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represented muslim social group of Indians. These leaders wanted to uplift the status of their followers by securing some special political rights, securing separate electorates for them. But in Congress party, especially Gandhiji believed that separate electorates would adversely affect the unity of India. He was against it, and took fast unto death at a point of time. That’s why, the political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates.
Knowledge Basket
Find out about the anti-colonial movement in Indo-China. Compare and contrast India’s national movement with the ways in which Indo – China became independent.
Answer:
Anti-Colonial Movement in Indo – China: Indo-China is a part of the Asian continent. Indo – China comprises the modem countries of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Its early history shows many different groups of people living in this area under the shadow of the powerful empire of China. Even when an independent country was established in what is now northern and central Vietnam. Its rulers continued to maintain the Chinese system of government as well as Chinese culture. The colonization of Vietnam by the French brought the people of the country into conflict with the colonizers in all areas of life. Nationalism in Vietnam emerged through the efforts of different sections of society to fight against the French, and all they represented.
Comparison between India’s National Movement with that of Indo-China :
- India was a colony of the British while Indo-China was a colony of the France.
- Both countries carried on struggle for many years against colonial power.
- One leader of freedom struggle of India was Mahatma Gandhi, while the leader of Indo-China freedom struggle was Ho-ch-Minh.
- In both countries, peasants played a great role in the freedom struggle.
- Both India and Vietnam underwent turbulent pertitions.