Class 6

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Answer:
No, we know that different organisms eat different kinds of food. For example: animals such as buffallow and cow eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf. Rat eats grains and leftovers. Lion and tiger eat other animals. Human being eats bread, rice, fruits and vegetables. House lizards eat small insects and crow eats meat and other food items. In this way we can say that different organisms eat different kinds of food.

Question 2.
Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Answer:

Question 3.
Match the items given in column ‘A’ with that in column ‘B’.

Answer:

• Milk, curd, paneer, ghee : are all animal products.
• Spinach, cauliflower carrot : are vegetables.
• Lions and tigers : eat other animals.
• Herbovorous : eat plants and plant products.

Question 4.
Fill up the blanks with the words given:
Herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore
(a) Tiger is a ________ because it eats only meat.
(b) Deer eats only plant products and so, is called ________.
(c) Parrot eats only ________ products.
(d) The ________ that we drink usually comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal products.
(e) We get sugar from ________.
Answer:
(a) Carnivore
(b) herbivore
(c) plant
(d) milk
(e) sugarcane.

Things To Think About

Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Does every one around us get enough food to eat? Why?
(b) Write three ways how to avoid wastage of food?
Answer:
(a) Everyone around us does not get enough food to eat, because in our country many people are very poor. Due to lack of money, they do not get sufficient food to eat. High population growth is another factor and our country does not produce enough food for large number of people.

(b) Wastage of food can be prevented by the following methods :

• Food should be kept in close containers to protect it from germs, flies and insects.
• Fruits and vegetables should be washed properly before preparing food or before eating.
• Heating prevents food from spoiling. Many food items can be preserved simply by drying them in the sun.
• Food should be kept in ice box or refrigerators to prevent them from bacterial attack.
• Fruits and vegetables are made into jams and jelleys and pickels.

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
If a person does not get food, how does he feel?
Answer:
If a person does not get food, he feels weak and tired.

Question 2.
Why do all living beings need food?
Answer:
All living beings need food for getting energy for doing physical work.

Question 3.
If we do not eat food for one day, what will happen?
Answer:
Our ability for doing physical work will go down.

Question 4.
Do all living beings eat same type of food?
Answer:
No, all living beings eat different types of foods.

Question 5.
Which types of foods are eaten by buffalo and cow?
Answer:
They eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf.

Question 6.
Name three animals which eat only plants.
Answer:

• Cow
• Deer
• Goat.

Question 7.
Name three animals which eat both plants and animals.
Answer:

• Man
• Dog
• Crow.

Question 8.
Name three animals which eat only other animals.
Answer:

• Tiger
• King-fisher
• Vulture.

Question 9.
What is the food of a house lizard?
Answer:
A house lizard eats houseflies, mosquitoes and other insects.

Question 10.
What is the food of a cat?
Answer:
A cat eats small animals, birds, milk, fish and rat etc.

Question 11.
What are those animals called which eat plants and their products only?
Answer:
They are called herbivorous.

Question 12.
Which food items provide us energy?
Answer:
Carbohydrate and fats.

Question 13.
Name two body-building foods.
Answer:

• Milk
• Pulses.

Question 14.
What do carnivorous animals eat?
Answer:
Carnivorous animals eat other animals.

Question 15.
Name three food products we obtain from animals.
Answer:

• Milk
• egg
• meat.

Question 16.
Name three animals that provide us food.
Answer:

• Cow
• buffalo
• goat.

Question 17.
Where do we get honey?
Answer:
We get honey from honey-bees, which is collected from juice of flowers.

Question 18.
Which animals provide us milk and eggs?
Answer:

• Cow and buffalo
• hen.

Question 19.
Write down the names of some edible parts of the plants.
Answer:
Stem, roots and leaves.

Question 20.
Why do we take cooked food?
Answer:
Cooked food can easily be consumed and absorbed by our body.

Question 21.
Name two plants which provide us grains.
Answer:

• Rice
• wheat

Question 22.
Name two oil-yielding plants.
Answer:

• Mustard
• sunflower.

Question 23.
Name three fruit plants.
Answer:

• Mango tree
• papaya
• grapes.

Question 24.
Which type of food eaten by Tamilnadu people?
Answer:
Idli, dosa, sambar and coconut oil.

Question 25.
Which type of food eaten by U.P. people?
Answer:
Chapati, pulses, rice, parantha and vegetables and fruits.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the different food products obtained from animals?
Answer:
Different food products obtained from animals are milk, egg, honey eat butter, honey, ghee, etc.

Question 2.
Name the animals which provide us milk, egg, meat, honey and fats.
Answer:
We get milk from cow, buffalo, goat and sheep. Eggs are provided to us from hens. Honey is obtained from honey-bees. Meat provided to us from cock, hen, deer, rabbit and buffalo etc. They also provide us fats such as pigs.

Question 3.
From which plants we obtained grains, pulses, oils and fruits? Name two each plants.
Answer:

• Grains : We obtain from rice, wheat and maize, etc.
• Pulses : We get from urad, moong, masoor and gram. etc.
• Oils: Oil yielding plants are mustard, sunflower etc.
• Fruits: Mango, orange, lichi and guava etc.

Question 4.
Name the plants from which we obtained vegetables?
Answer:
We obtain vegetables from carrot, radish, cauliflower, brinjal, cabbage and mustard plants. We obtained vegetables from their roots, stems leaves and fruits.

Question 5.
How is ghee prepared from cow milk?
Answer:
Cow milk is heated and curd is mixed in it. It is then centrifuged to obtain cream. Cream is converted to butter and after heating and filtering we obtain ghee.

Question 6.
Name six plant products which are useful to man.
Answer:
The products of plants which are useful to man are food : such as grains, pulses, oils, fruits and vegetables. We also get different type of spices from plants. We get wood, wax, lakh, silk and fibres from plants. There are so many products which are useful to mankind.

Question 7.
Name some animal products which are useful to man.
Answer:
We obtain many products from , animals. We obtain milk, eggs and meat from different animals. Many animals provide skin and ^ bones which we use in making shoes and fertilizers. Animal wastes are used as manures for improving ‘ soil fertility. They also provide us wool.

Question 8.
Why does our body need nutritious food?
Answer:
The nutritious food protects our body from many diseases and helps in building our body parts. It also helps in digestion and keep our body healthy.

Question 9.
What are the essential nutrients of our body?
Answer:
The essential nutrients of our body are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• fats
• vitamins
• minerals.

Question 10.
Why do we need carbohydrate?
Answer:
Carbohydrates such as wheat, rice, sugar and potato give us energy. We need energy for doing physical work. This energy is obtained . from carbohydrates. So it is necessary to take carbohydrates in our diet.

Question 11.
Which important mineral does milk give us? Why is it useful?
Answer:
Milk provides us an important mineral; proteins. It is necessary for the building of our ‘ body. Children’s growth and development depends upon proteins. Proteins also help in digestion. Protein also helps in the repairing of our body parts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write five steps to avoid wastage of food.
Answer:
Steps to avoid wastage of food :

• All concerned must ensure that at every stage of food production, it does not get wasted, spoiled or eaten away by birds, rats and insects.
• During storage it must be protected from spoilage or from being eaten away by rodents and insects.
• While taking our meals ensure that we take only that much quantity of food which we can eat. Nothing should be left in the plate.
• We should eat only that much food which is good for us. Excess intake of food causes obesity.
• We should eat food which is easily available in the region and is seasonal.

Question 2.
What food materials come from animals?
Answer:
Food obtained from animals includes meat, fish, milk, eggs and honey.

• Meat: We get meat from animals such as goat (mutton) and chicken.
• Fish: Many kinds of fish are eaten. Fishes may be fresh water or sea water fish. The quality of food of both types of fish is good.
• Milk : We get milk from animals such as cow, goat and buffalo. Milk is used to make products such as cottage cheese (paneer), cheese, butter, cufds and ghee.
• Eggs : We get eggs from birds such as hen, goose and duck.
• Honey : We get honey from the hive of. honey bees. Honey bees prepare honey using nectar from flowers.

Food: Where does it Come From Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. Food : All living things need energy to do work; they get this energy from the food they eat.

2. Food produces energy which is required to perform various functions to sustain life. It helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues.

3. It makes necessary materials for growth and development and reproduction. It also protects our body from disease and infections.

4. Nutrients: All the elements of food such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and water and vitamins are essential for maintaining the life process in human
beings, so they are also called nutrients. The amount of various nutrients are different in different foods.

5. Foods are classified on the basis of their action:

• Energy-giving foods (Carbohydrates and fats): Wheat, rice, sugar, potato, oil, ghee, butter, etc.
• Body-building food : (Proteins) : It provides to the body which helps in growth, development, repair and maintenance; milk, pulses, eggs, meat.
• Protective food: This kind of food protects us from some diseases. We get these from fruits, green vegetables and other vegetables.

6. (a) Carbohydrate-rich food : Wheat, rice, potato, sugar, etc.
(b) Protein-rich food: Egg, milk, meat, fish, pulses etc.
(c) Fat-rich food : Oil, ghee, butter, groundnut etc.
(d) Vitamin-containing food: Fruits, green leafy vegetables.
(e) Mineral-containing food: Meat, fish, egg, pulses, etc.

7. On the basis of food habits, animals are divided into three major divisions :
(a) Herbivorous animals : Animals which eat plants or plant products only are called herbivorous animals. Example : Buffalo, cow etc. .

(b) Carnivorous animals : Animals which eat animals that eat plants. Example: Lizard, tiger, frog, vulture etc.

(c) Omnivorous animals : Animals which eat both animals and plants are called omnivorous. Example : Man, crow, dog, cat, etc.

8. There is a variety in the kind of food consumed even within a state.

9. We should grow more food.

10. All of us should use easily and cheaply available food in the region.

11. The food that we produce should not get spoiled or eaten away by animals.

12. Meat, egg and milk are obtained from animals. There are many such animals which provide us food.

13. Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis and all animals depend for their food directly or indirectly upon plants.

14. Water constitutes 70% of our body weight and is an important constituent of all body cells.

15. Roughage: Fibrous indigestable materials present in a food is termed as roughage.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Body Movements Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Body Movements

HBSE 6th Class Science Body Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Joints of the bones help in the ________ of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilage form the ________ of the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ________ joint.
(d) The contraction of the ________ pulls the bones during movement.
Answer:
(a) movement
(b) skeletal
(c) balls socket
(d) muscles

Question 2.
Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences :
(a) The movement and locomotion of all animals is exactly the same.
(b) The cartilage is harder than bones.
(c) The finger bones move in one plane.
(d) The forearm has two bones.
(e) The cockroach have an exoskeleton.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) True.

Question 3.
Match the items in column I with appropriate items of column II.

Answer:
(i) (d)
(ii) (g)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (f)
(v) (c)

Question 4.
Answer the following:
(a) What is a ball and socket joint?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Why can our elbow not move backward?
Answer:
(a) The round end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone. Such a kind of joint allows movements in all directions. Such joints are called ball and socket joints.
Example : Joints between the upper arms and the shoulders; the thigh and hip joints.

(b) The facial bones of our skull comprises upper and lower jaw; in which lower jaws is movable.

(c) Our elbows have hinge joint. These joints allow movement only in one plane only like a door hinge and not more than 180 degrees.

HBSE 6th Class Science Body Movements Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define tissues.
Answer:
A group of similar cells to perform special functions are called tissues.

Question 2.
What is an organ?
Answer:
Different kinds of tissues group together to perform special function is called an organ.

Question 3.
Define organ system.
Answer:
A large number of related organs group together to form an organ system.
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ system → Human body.

Question 4.
Give two examples of organs.
Answer:
Heart, oesophagus.

Question 5.
Name two tissues.
Answer:
Muscles tissue, Nervous tissue.

Question 6.
Name any three sense organs of our body.
Answer:
Eyes, ears and nose.

Question 7.
What are the organs of respiration in man?
Answer:
Nostrils, trachea, bronchi, lungs and muscles.

Question 8.
Why do animals move?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another in search of food, mate and to defend themselves from enemies.

Question 9.
Where do the following animals live?
Whale, elephant and frog
Answer:
Water, forest, water.

Question 10.
Give the names of two vertebrate animals.
Answer:

• Man
• Horse.

Question 11.
Name two major groups of animals.
Answer:

• Vertebrate
• Non-vertebrate.

Question 12.
What is the function of hair in our nose?
Answer:
They prevent dust and smoke particles from entering enter our body.

Question 13.
Name the organs connected by food pipe.
Answer:
Larynx.

Question 14.
Name the pumping organ in our body.
Answer:
Heart.

Question 15.
Give the full form of RBC.
Answer:
Red blood corpuscles.

Question 16.
Name two single-celled animals.
Answer:
Amoeba, Paramecium.

Question 17.
Define the term “cell”.
Answer:
Structural and functional unit of life is called cell.

Question 18.
What is the normal rate of heart beat?
Answer:
70-72 beats per minute.

Question 19.
What are external organs?
Answer:
The organs which can be seen from outside are called external organs.

Question 20.
Name three external organs.
Answer:
Hand, leg and mouth.

Question 21.
How many organ systems do we have?
Answer:
We have ten organ systems.

Question 22.
What is our skeleton made up of?
Answer:
Our skeleton is made of bones and cartilage.

Question 23.
What is the main function of our skeleton system?
Answer:
It gives support to the body and protects the inner organs.

Question 24.
What are bones and cartilages?
Answer:
The hard structures are bones and cartilages are comparatively soft and elastic.

Question 25.
How many vertebrae are found in our back bone?
Answer:
The back bone is composed of 33 small ring-like vertebrae joined end to end.

Question 26.
What are the regions of a backbone?
Answer:
Back-bone has five regions. From the top they are neck, chest, belly, hip and tail.

Question 27.
Which bone forms the shoulder bone?
Answer:
Shoulder bone is formed by the collar bone and the shoulder blade.

Question 28.
Our forearm has bones.
Answer:
Two.

Question 29.
How are bones joined together?
Answer:
Bones are held together at joints by strong cords called ligaments.

Question 30.
What are hinge joints?
Answer:
These joints allow movement only in one plane not more than 180 degrees.,

Question 31.
How do muscles move the bones?
Answer:
The muscles move the bones by contraction.

Question 32.
Define movement.
Answer:
When organisms move their body parts without changing their position.

Question 33.
What is locomotion?
Answer:
When animals move from one place to another place. This kind of movement is called locomotion.

Question 34.
How do fishes move?
Answer:
They move with the help of tail fins and anal fins.

Question 35.
How does a cockroach move?
Answer:
Cockroach has distinct muscles attached with skeletal process. These muscles move the body.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define tissue, organ and organ system.
Answer:
→ Tissue : A group of similar cells to perform special functions. These group of cells are called tissues.

→ Organ: Groups of different kinds of tissues which perform special functions are called organs. Each organ of the body has a different structure.

→ Organ system: A large number of related organs together form an organ system. Cells → organ → organ system human body.

Question 2.
Give two examples of each : tissues and organs.
Answer:

• Tissues : Muscles tissues, Nerve tissues.
• Organ : Heart, stomach.

Question 3.
Why do animals move?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another place due to the following reasons:

• In search of food
• In search of mate and to protect from enemies.

Question 4.
What is the function of our brain?
Answer:
Brain controls our body activity. It is also the centre of memory and learning.

Question 5.
How does a cockroach move?
Answer:
Cockroach also walks and climbs on the wall and flies in the air. It has three pairs of joined legs attached to the breast region. These help in walking. It has distinct muscles in the breast region which move the wings during flight.

Question 6.
Are nails and hairs organs?
Answer:
No, our hairs and nails have important uses. They are produced by the skin, but they are not organs. Because as they grow, they become dead. They can be cut without pain or bleeding.

Question 7.
Define movement in snakes.
Answer:
Locomotion in snakes is like swimming on land. They make many loops at the sides. It is mainly the forward thrust to move forward. They also hitch the skin and body alternately dragging the ventral scales on the ground. Some snakes can swim well in water.

Question 8.
Define skeletal system.
Answer:
Our skeletal system is made up of many bones and cartilages. The bones are hard and cartilages are soft and elastic. It gives support to the body It protects internal organs. Together with muscles it gives shapes to our body. Narrow bone produces red blood cells and some white blood cells.

Question 9.
What are chest bones?
Answer:
Chest is a cone-shaped cage. It encloses the hearts and the lungs. At the back are the vertebrae 12 pairs of ribs curve round .the sides. Ribs are attached to the sides of each vertebrae. Ten of them are also attached by cartilage to the breast bone at the front. Two ribs are free. The ribs are joined in such a way that they allow the needed movement of the chest during breathing.

Question 10.
Define the bones present in our hand.
Answer:
The hand comprises the upper arm, fore-arm, wrist, palm and lingers. The upper arm has one long bone, and fore-arm has two long bones. Wrist is made up of several small bones. The palm is composed of fine slightly longer bones. There are three small bones in each finger.

Question 11.
What is the correct sitting postures?
Answer:
In correct position, one should sit straight and relaxed. One should not bend in front or lean backwards. The fore-arm should be at the same level. The feet should be in rest on the floor. Lower leg should be erect making a right angle at the knee.

Question 12.
Define the following:
(a) Fixed joints, (b) Ball and socket joints,
Answer:
(a) Fixed joints: Some attachments do not allow movements. They are fixed joints. Joint of cranium is a fixed joint.

(b) Ball and socket joints : The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone. Such a kind of joint allows movements in all directions. Examples : The joints between the upper arm and shoulder, the thigh and the hip joint.

Question 13.
What are bone joints and from what are they joint?
Answer:
The place where two bones or more than two bones meet together is called a joint. There are various kinds of joints. They are held together at joints by strong cords called ligaments.

Question 14.
What is locomotion? Where is it found?
Answer:
Animals move from one place to another for various purposes. This kind of movement is called locomotion. Locomotion is found only in animals. Locomotion helps them in search of food and shelter. It also helps them escape from their enemies.

Question 15.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is an organ system?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Which of the external organs are supported by cartilages?
(d) Draw and label the bones of the leg.
Answer:
(a) When several organs group together as a team to carry out a major activity, such a set of organs is called an organ system.

(b) The facial bones comprise the upper and lower jaws and a few other bones. The bones of lower jaw are movable.

(c) The back bone and its 24 vertebrae are joined by cartilages. Thus it forms a hollow bony tube. Nose, ear and various joints are joined by cartilage.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the locomotion in snail.
Answer:
The body of a snail is covered with a hard and flexible shell. It has an opening with a lid. Through the opening of the shell, a strong muscular foot and head comes out. The foot is a part of its belly. When it starts moving, the wavy motion of the foot can be seen. The movement is very slow.

Question 2.
How does an earthworm move?
Answer:
The body of a mature earthworm seems to be made of many rings joined end to end. From the paler under surface of the body a large number of minute bristles project out. The bristles are connected with muscles at their bases.

The bristles help to get a good grip on the ground. There are muscles in the body wall which help to extend and shorten the body. During movement, the earthworm first extends the front part of the body, keeping the rear fixed to the ground. Then it fixes the front end and releases the rear end. Thereafter it shortens the body and pulls the rear end forward. The earthworm follows this process repeatedly to move ahead. On a slippery surface, its movement is affected due to the loss of the grip on the surface.

Body Movements Class 6 HBSE Notes

• The various kinds of animals differ in shape, size and habitat. Therefore their body parts and their working also vary widely.
• The human body have many parts which have definite functions. They are called organs.
• Both external and internal (parts) organs are made of many cells and tissues, but every organ works as a single unit.
• The organs group together as a team to perform a major activity. A set of such organs forms an organ system.
• There are ten organ systems which in coordination with one another perform all the life activities.
• Hard structures such as bones and cartilages form the skeletal system of man. It gives the frame and shape to the body and help in movement. It protects internal organs and bones also form red blood cells and some white blood cells.
• The skeletal comprises of the skull, the back bone, ribs and the breast bone.
• The skeletal also includes the shoulder and hip bones and bones of hands and legs.
• Two bones are joined by tough cords called ligaments. The bones are joined to muscles by cord-like tendons.
• The bones are moved by alternate contractions and relaxations of two sets of muscles.
• The bone joints are of various kinds on the nature of joints and directions of movement they allow.
• Strong muscles and light bones work together to help the birds fly by flapping their wings. The fishes swim by forming loops alternately on two sides of the body. The tail pushes them forward and the vertebrates and muscles attached to them work for it. Similarly the snakes crawl on the ground by alternately looping sideways. A large no. of vertebrae and associated muscles push the body forward. The ventral scales also help in the process.
• The body and legs of insects have hard jointed coverings forming an exoskeleton. The muscles of the breast connected with three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings help the cockroach to walk and fly.
• The snails are moved by the muscular foot. The hard unjointed shell have no relation with the foot.
• The earthworm moves by alternate extension and contraction of the body effected by the muscles. The minute movable bristles help in gripping the ground.

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class English Solutions Honeysuckle & A Pact with the Sun

HBSE 6th Class English Solutions Honeysuckle

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Honeysuckle Prose

• Chapter 1 Who Did Patrick’s Homework?
• Chapter 2 How the Dog Found Himself a New Master?
• Chapter 3 Taro’s Reward
• Chapter 4 An Indian-American Woman in Space: Kalpana Chawla
• Chapter 5 A Different Kind of School
• Chapter 6 Who I Am
• Chapter 7 Fair Play
• Chapter 8 A Game of Chance
• Chapter 9 Desert Animals
• Chapter 10 The Banyan Tree

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Honeysuckle Poem

• Poem 1 A House, A Home
• Poem 2 The Kite
• Poem 3 The Quarrel
• Poem 4 Beauty
• Poem 5 Where Do All the Teachers Go
• Poem 6 The Wonderful Words
• Poem 7 Vocation
• Poem 8 What if

HBSE 6th Class English Solutions A Pact with the Sun

HBSE Haryana Board 6th Class English Supplementary Reader A Pact with the Sun

• Chapter 1 A Tale of Two Birds
• Chapter 2 The Friendly Mongoose
• Chapter 3 The Shepherds Treasure
• Chapter 4 The Old-Clock Shop
• Chapter 5 Tansen
• Chapter 6 The Monkey and the Crocodile
• Chapter 7 The Wonder Called Sleep
• Chapter 8 A Pact with the Sun
• Chapter 9 What Happened to the Reptiles
• Chapter 10 A Strange Wrestling Match

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From
• Chapter 2 Components of Food
• Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric
• Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups
• Chapter 5 Separation of Substances
• Chapter 6 Changes Around Us
• Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants
• Chapter 8 Body Movements
• Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings
• Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances
• Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection
• Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits
• Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets
• Chapter 14 Water
• Chapter 15 Air around us
• Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 भोजन: यह कहाँ से आता है?
• Chapter 2 भोजन के घातक
• Chapter 3 तंतु से वस्त्र तक
• Chapter 4 वस्तुओं के समूह बनाना
• Chapter 5 पदार्थों का पृथक्करण
• Chapter 6 हमारे चारों ओर के परिवर्तन
• Chapter 7 पौधों को जानिए
• Chapter 8 शरीर में गति
• Chapter 9 सजीव: विशेषताएँ एवं आवास
• Chapter 10 गति एवं दूरियों का मापन
• Chapter 11 प्रकाश: छायाएँ एवं परावर्तन
• Chapter 12 विद्युत तथा परिपथ
• Chapter 13 चुंबकों द्वारा मनोरंजन
• Chapter 14 जल
• Chapter 15 हमारे चारों ओर वायु
• Chapter 16 कचरा: संग्रहण एवं निपटान

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Sanskrit Solutions रुचिरा भाग 1

• Chapter 1 शब्द परिचयः 1
• Chapter 2 शब्द परिचयः 2
• Chapter 3 शब्द परिचयः 3
• Chapter 4 विद्यालयः
• Chapter 5 वृक्षाः
• Chapter 6 समुद्रतटः
• Chapter 7 बकस्य प्रतिकारः
• Chapter 8 सूक्तिस्तबकः
• Chapter 9 क्रीडास्पर्धा
• Chapter 10 कृषिकाः कर्मवीराः
• Chapter 11 पुष्पोत्सवः
• Chapter 12 दशमः त्वम असि
• Chapter 13 विमानयानं रचयाम
• Chapter 14 अहह आः च
• Chapter 15 मातुलचन्द्र

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Maths Solutions

HBSE 6th Class Maths Solutions in English Medium

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers

• Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers Intext Questions
• Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers Ex 1.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 2 Whole Numbers

• Chapter 2 Whole Numbers Intext Questions
• Chapter 2 Whole Numbers Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 Whole Numbers Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 Whole Numbers Ex 2.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers

• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Intext Questions
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.4
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.5
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.6
• Chapter 3 Playing With Numbers Ex 3.7

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas

• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Intext Questions
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.5
• Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas Ex 4.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes

• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Intext Questions
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.3
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.4
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.5
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.6
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.7
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.8
• Chapter 5 Understanding Elementary Shapes Ex 5.9

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 6 Integers

• Chapter 6 Integers InText Questions
• Chapter 6 Integers Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 Integers Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 Integers Ex 6.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

• Chapter 7 Fractions Intext Questions
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.5
• Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 8 Decimals

• Chapter 8 Decimals Intext Questions
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.3
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.4
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.5
• Chapter 8 Decimals Ex 8.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 9 Data Handling

• Chapter 9 Data Handling Intext Questions
• Chapter 9 Data Handling Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 Data Handling Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 Data Handling Ex 9.3
• Chapter 9 Data Handling Ex 9.4

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 10 Mensuration

• Chapter 10 Mensuration Intext Questions
• Chapter 10 Mensuration Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 Mensuration Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 Mensuration Ex 10.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 11 Algebra

• Chapter 11 Algebra Intext Questions
• Chapter 11 Algebra Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 Algebra Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 Algebra Ex 11.3
• Chapter 11 Algebra Ex 11.4
• Chapter 11 Algebra Ex 11.5

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion

• Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion Intext Questions
• Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion Ex 12.2
• Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion Ex 12.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 13 Symmetry

• Chapter 13 Symmetry Intext Questions
• Chapter 13 Symmetry Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 Symmetry Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 Symmetry Ex 13.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 14 Practical Geometry

• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Intext Questions
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.4
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.5
• Chapter 14 Practical Geometry Ex 14.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Solutions in Hindi Medium

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी

• Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी Intext Questions
• Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी Ex 1.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ

• Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ Intext Questions
• Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 पूर्ण संख्याएँ Ex 2.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना

• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Intext Questions
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.4
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.5
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.6
• Chapter 3 संख्याओं के साथ खेलना Ex 3.7

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ

• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Intext Questions
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.5
• Chapter 4 आधारभूत ज्यामितीय अवधारणाएँ Ex 4.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना

• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Intext Questions
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.3
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.4
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.5
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.6
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.7
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.8
• Chapter 5 प्रारंभिक आकारों को समझना Ex 5.9

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 6 पूर्णांक

• Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Intext Questions
• Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 पूर्णांक Ex 6.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 7 भिन्न

• Chapter 7 भिन्न Intext Questions
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.5
• Chapter 7 भिन्न Ex 7.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 8 दशमलव

• Chapter 8 दशमलव Intext Questions
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.3
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.4
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.5
• Chapter 8 दशमलव Ex 8.6

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन

• Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन Ex 9.3
• Chapter 9 आँकड़ों का प्रबंधन Ex 9.4

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति

• Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति Intext Questions
• Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 क्षेत्रमिति Ex 10.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 11 बीजगणित

• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Intext Questions
• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Ex 11.3
• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Ex 11.4
• Chapter 11 बीजगणित Ex 11.5

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात

• Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात Intext Questions
• Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात Ex 12.2
• Chapter 12 अनुपात और समानुपात Ex 12.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 13 सममिति

• Chapter 13 सममिति Intext Questions
• Chapter 13 सममिति Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 सममिति Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 सममिति Ex 13.3

HBSE 6th Class Maths Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती

• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Intext Questions
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.4
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.5
• Chapter 14 प्रायोगिक ज्यामिती Ex 14.6

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage In, Garbage Out Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage In, Garbage Out

Exercises

Question 1.
(a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the red-worms?
(b) Have you seen any other organisms, besides red worm, in your pit, if yes, try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these.
Answer:
(a) Garbage such as pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers, nails, old shoes and broken toys etc. not into compest by red warms.
(b) Yes, there are other organisms in a pit of compesting such as bacteria and some fungi which decompose the biodegradable wastes.

Question 2.
Discuss:
(a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?
(b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage?
Answer:
(a) No, the garbage disposal is our responsibility also. Because clear air, water and locality helps us to make healthy. So every citizen should care for waste disposal. We should not throw wastes carelessly. We should use less and reuse them and recycle the wastes. We should collect garbage carefully in dustbins and should save environment to pollute. It is our duty to keep our environment healthy and clean.

(b) Problems related to garbage disposed can be reduced easily, if we think carefully for disposal of wastes. We should collect, our kitchen or shop garbage in separate bags and dispose of in municipal dustbin. We should not throw any waste materials in the gali or on road. Everyone of us should use separate dust bins. Industry should use effluent plants for their waste disposal. Organic and agricultural wastes should be used for composting garbage should be properly discarded into landfill.
If we properly follow these action then disposal problem can be reduced.

Question 3.
(a) What do you do with the leftover food at home?
(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter at a party, which one would you prefer and why?
Answer:
(a) The left over food in our home is known as kitchen wastes. It comes in group—I category, which wastes are biodegradable by micro-organisms into useful products. Left over food at home is dumped into compost pits with other wastes such as rag, papers, and peels of vegetables which converted into manure after some days and used as food for plants.

(b) In a party I and my friend choose to eat in a banana leaf platter, due to the following reasons:
Banana leaf platter is an agricultural waste and it can be converted into compost after use. Compost is a manure, which is used by plants and crops for getting necessary nutrients. By using banana platter we also save our environment and surroundings to become pollute. Which is helpful for our health and healthy environment.

Question 4.
(a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled?
(b) With the help of a lense look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you see any difference in the materials of recycled paper and a new sheet ofpaper?
Answer:
(a) Pieces of newspapers, magezines, used envelops, note books, shiny plastic coated papers and shiny paper which are waxy in nature. From all these types of papers, plastic coated paper and shiny paper, could not be recycled. But paper pieces like newspapers, used envelops, notebooks, maga-zines, etc. cam be recycled and be converted into useful products, which are harmless for our society.

(b) When we see the recycled paper with the help of lense, we find that there is no great difference between them. The recycled paper quantity decrease upto some levels and there are roughness in recycled paper. This type of paper can be used for making carrybags and other packing materials.

Question 5.
(a) Collect different kinds of packaging materials. What was the purpose for which each one was used? Discuss in groups.
(b) Give an example in which packing could have been reduced?
(c) Write a story on how packing increases amount of garbage?
Answer:
(a) Collect different types of packaging materials such as, plastic cords, plastic bags, strips, jute bags and cords, clothes strips and any packaging materials from your locality and market shops. Discuss with your class mate in groups, in which each packaging materials used and write in your notebook.

(b) The shopkeepers should buy large amount of goods like nuts or coffee. By doing so they reduce the waste and packaging materials. They should buy goods in bulk and bigger quantities in a single box pakage. For exaple we can buy the large package of sugar, rice, cereals, tooth-pestes and detergents, etc. This type of shopping will reduce the wastages.

(c) Packing increases the amount of garbages. Every good or things are sold in small packets of plastic materials which are thrown out after use. This increases the garbage. Plastic bags, cans, aluminium foils and many other packaging materials are used and thrownout after use. These packaging materials increase garbage. Soft drinks, tooth-pastes and many other goods now-a-days are sold in plastic cans and aluminium cans.

Now-a-days every thing/goods such as ghee, refined, soaps, detergents, cereals and all eatable goods are sold in small packets. This increases the garbage upto a large extent. In this way we can say that packaging materials increases the amount of garbage.

Question 6.
Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers? Why?
Answer:
We think that compost is better to use instead of chemical fertilisers because compost provides much nutrients to crop plants. It is easily absorbed by plant roots. Compost is cheaper than chemical fertilisers. It increases the fertility of the soil. On the other hand chemical fertilisers do not get decomposed by natural methods and they increase water and soil pollution. Chemical fertilizers are easily solunle in water. By leaching they reache the underground water and pollute water.
Therefore, we can say that compost is better use instead of chemical fertilisers.

HBSE 6th Class Science Garbage In Garbage Out Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name any two garbage.
Answer:
Plastic bags and cans/tins.

Question 2.
Define garbage.
Answer:
Any materials which is discarded by us or which is of no use for us is called garbage.

Question 3.
What is landfill?
Answer:
A low lying open area in which garbage is thrown.

Question 4.
Are all garbage harmful to us?
Answer:
No, all garbage not harmful to us.

Question 5.
What type of garbage are used for composting?
Answer:
Garbage of our kitchen like fruits & vegetable peels, egg cells, waste food and tea leaves are used for composting.

Question 6.
Name some garbage which are not used as composting.
Answer:
Garbage, like, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers and old shoes are not used for composting.

Question 7.
Define composting.
Answer:
The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called, ‘composting’.

Question 8.
Which type of dustbin is used for collecting garbage which is used again?
Answer:
Blue colour dustbin.

Question 9.
What type of garbage is collecting in green colour dustbin?
Answer:
Materials such as kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.

Question 10.
Should we bum the dried leaves?
Answer:
No, we should not bum the dried leaves.

Question 11.
Define ‘Vermicomposting’.
Answer:
The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called ‘Vermicomposting’.

Question 12.
What type of food red worm need?
Answer:
Red worms need food like, vegetable and fruits wastes, coffee and tea remains.

Question 13.
Which type of wastes is not used as red worm food?
Answer:
Wastes such as salt containing pickels, oil, vinegar, meat and milk should not be used as redworm food.

Question 14.
How redworms grind the food?
Answer:
Red worms do not have teeth for grinding food. They have a structure called gizzards for grinding their food.

Question 15.
What is the suitable season for the survival of red worms?
Answer:
They need normal temperature, not very hot nor very cold. They also need moisture around them.

Question 16.
What is ‘Papier mache’?
Answer:
It is a paste made of clay and paper and some rice husk.

Question 17.
Name few things we use that are made of plastics.
Answer:
Toys, shoes, bags, pens, combs and tooth brushes, etc. are few things that we use in daily life made of plastics.

Question 18.
How plastics are harmful for our health?
Answer:
Burning of plastics give out harmful gases, which may cause many health problems including cancer in humans.

Question 19.
How plastic bags are harmful for stray animals?
Answer:
Stray animals look for food in these bags, they end up swallowing these, sometimes they die due to this.

Question 20.
What are the problems we face. When plastic bags thrown away on roads?
Answer:
When we throw away plastic bags on roads or other places, they get into drain and sewer system. As a result drain get choked and water spills on the road.

Question 21.
Name one method by which we minimise garbage.
Answer:
We make a minimum use of plastic bags. We reuse the bags whenever it is possible to do so without any adverse affects.

Question 22.
What do you know about wastes?
Answer:
Wastes are the useless and unwanted materials discarded by humans.

Question 23.
Define domestic wastes.
Answer:
Domestic wastes include sewage, kitchen wastes, and garbage, etc.

Question 24.
What is incineration?
Answer:
The process of burning of wastes in a large furnace is called incineration.

Question 25.
Define vermieulture.
Answer:
The process of getting manure from biodegradable wastes by adding earthworms to the compost, is called vermieulture.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types wastes can be divided?
Answer:
On the basis of physical, chemical and biological characteristic wastes can be divided into the following categories:
(a) Biodegradable wastes: Wastes which comprise of materials which has the ability to break down sofely and quickly by micro-organisms for example, dead and decaying remains of plants and animals, faecal remains water etc.

(b) Non-biodegadable wastes: Which do not breakdown into simple and harmless products by natural agents like bacteria and fungi are called non- biodegadable wastes. For example, metallic oxides, murcury, lead, DDT and radioactive wastes.

Question 2.
Define municipal wastes.
Answer:
Municipal wastes referred as garbage, etc. Municipal wastes is a combina-tion of wastes. They are papers, food wastes, plastics, metals, ash, glass, and others.

Question 3.
What are biodegradable wastes?
Answer:
Biodegradable wastes comprise of material which has the ability to break down safely and quickly by microorganisms. These originate from natural organic sources animals and plant based products.

Question 4.
Define the term domestic wastes.
Answer:
Human beings discard many things in our day to day life activities. They are considered as domestic wastes. Domestic wastes are:
(i) Sewage
(ii) kitchen wastes
(iii) garbage
(iv) others.
Human excreta and wastes from bathroom and kitchen come in category of sewage. Vegetables, fruits and other food wates are kitchen wastes whereas papers, rags, hairs, and house dust come in garbage category and plastic bags and rubber things are come in other categorties.

Question 5.
Burning of lianes are harmful to us. Explain.
Answer:
Garbage heaps of dried leaves are burnt most of the time. Farmers too often burn the husk dried leaves and part of crop plants in their fields. Burning of these, produces smoke and gases that are harmful to our health.

Question 6.
How earthworms are called farmers’ friends?
Answer:
Earthworms are farmers friends because they help to increase the fertility of the soil. They eat dust and make soil fertile. They are used to prepare vermicopot, which gives many nutrients to soil and ultimately to crop plants. So they are called farmers’ friend.

Question 7.
How do you prepare vermicompost?
Answer:
Vermicompost is prepared by the help of redworms. A pit of 30 cm deep is dug and a comfortable home is made for the redworms in it. Spray a thick layer of sand in it, stalk of plants’ husk or green leaves spread over the sand layer. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet. Now put some redworms in this pit. Cover it with a sheet of cloth over the pit. Redworms eat fruits wastes’ coffee and tea remains. They grind their food. They eat equal to their weight. After 3/4 weaks soil like material is seen in the pit. This is vermicompost. Remove it from the pit and use after dried in sunlight.

Question 8.
Define recycling of paper.
Answer:
Collect old newspapers, magazines, used envelops, note-books and other papers and take a frame fitted with a net. Tear the paper into small pieces, put them in a tub and pour water over it. Let the paper remain submerged in water for a day. Make a thick paste of paper by pounding it.

Now spread the wet pastes on the wire mesh fixed to the frame. Put it gently to make the thickness of layer of paste as uniform as possible. Wait till waste drains off. Now remove the layer of paste from the frame, spread it on a sheet of newspaper by putting some weights so that these do not curl up. Thus recycled paper is prepared.

Question 9.
What is meant by the spoilage of landscape
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape is directly related to the improper waste management specially solid waste. The solid wastes may be slag heaps from mines, in paper mills, sugar mills, fertilizers and our household. They make our surrounding unhygenic. These spoils the landscape and destroy greenary of some areas. Soil becomes toxic in nature wastes accumulated places often becomes home of rats, house flies, mosquitoes and bacteria. These things destroy the beauty and usefulness of the place.

Question 10.
What are the health problems faced by the rag-pickers?
Answer:
Rag-pickers manually separate non- biodegradable wastes from the heap of garbage in the cities. These people are always exposed to biomedical wates like tape worms, liver flube eggs, sharp materials, broken glass, used syringes, needles etc. which can harm them to a great extent.

Some of the occupational hazards associated with these wastes handling are infectious of different types like skin and eye and respiratory, intestinal. Some diseases also result due to bites of animals. Exposer to dust and can result in cancer. Exposer to toxic agents is usually followed by its absorption and entry into the blood cancer.

Question 11.
List the various steps practiced in waste management.
Answer:
Various steps practiced in waste management are broadly divided into four steps:
(i) collection of wastes
(ii) segregation of waste
(iii) reduction and resource recovery
(iv) treatment and disposal.

Question 12.
How does a landfill basically works?
Answer:
The basic working of a landfill involves three steps:
(i) Deposit the refuse.
(ii) Compact it with buldozers.
(iii) Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep of soil after each day operation and with a final cover of 2 feet when the area is full.

Question 13.
What should be taken into consideration while selecting a landfills?
Answer:
While selecting a landfill the following points must be considered:
(i) Land requirements and its cost: The quantity of solid wastes, degree of compaction to be obtained, ratio of compacted wastes to the cover materials and depth of the fill determine the area of land and hence its cost.

(ii) Accessibility: The place where the disposal of wastes is to be done should be located either centrally or near the source generation. Also the landfill should be downward from the community.

(iii) Cover material: A sanitary landfill requires at least 15 cm cover of thick compacted soil at the end of each day work.

(iv) Climate: The frequency of rainfall, the velocity and direction of prevailing wind, and our all temperature time relationship are the factors to be considered for a particular site.

(v) Tropography: Any tropography may be used for the site of a landfill. However different site will pose special operational and design problems.

Question 14.
What are composting? What are its benefits?
Answer:
Composting is defined as the decomposition if heterogeneous matter in a mixed microbial population in the moist, warm and aerobic environment. The micro-organisms convert organic waste into humus which has a significant value for crops. The end product is called compost. It consists of nutrients and minerals like n, p, k and other trace elements.

Compost has the following benefits:
(i) It increases the fertility of the soil, rich in nutrients.
(ii) It also contains trace elements like copper, manganese and molybdenum etc. essential for growth of plants.
(iii) It improves the texture of the soil and increases the water absorption capacity of the soil.

Question 15.
Write short notes on:
(i) Incineration
(ii) Bio-methanation.
Answer:
(i) Incineration:
Incineration is the process of burning of wastes in a large furnance. It reduces the volume of waste by 20 to 30% of original volume and makes the products stable. It helps to eliminate any infectious organisms which may be present while reducing the volumes of wastes to be disposed of. If wastes is not segregated properly, incineration produces toxic ash and its leakage can pollute pond water.

(ii) Bio-methanation:
In this method organic matter like vegetable wastes, crop residues and animal excreta like cow-dung are decomposed in the absence of air and presence of water to produce biogas which is rich in methane. Biogas can be used to produce electricity, to cook to light streetlamps. It is pollution free method of dispoal of organic wastes in which leftover and slurry can be used as a manure.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What can we do to minimise overuse of plastics and deal with garbage?
Answer:
(i) We make a minimum use of plastic bags. We re-use the bags wherever it is possible to do so without any adverse effects.
(ii) We insist shopkeepers use proper bags. We carry a cloth or jute bags when we go out for shopping.
(iii) We do not use plastic bags to store eatables.
(iv) We do not throw plastic bags here and there, after use.
(v) We never burn plastic bags and other plastic materials.
(vi) We do not put garbage in plastic bags and throw it away.
(vii) We use vermicompacting at home and dead with other kitchen wastes carefully.
(viii) We recycle papers.
(ix) We use both sides of paper to write. We use a slate for rough work. We use blank sheet of papers left in our note-books for roughworks.
(x) We make our family friends and others to follow proper practices for disposing different kinds of wastes.
The most important point to know and think about is that—more garbage we generate, more difficult it will be to get rid of it.

Question 2.
What we can do to manage waste?
Answer:
The following are some of the things we can do to manage waste:
(i) Throwing garbage in the correct bin.
(ii) Segregating household garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
(iii) Reducing the use of plastics.
(iv) Using materials that can be recycled.
(v) Buying things with least amount of packaging to avoid generation of waste.

Garbage In Garbage Out Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Landfill is an area where the garbage collected from a city or town is dumped.
• Converting plant and animal wastes including that from kitchen, into manure, is called composting.
• The method of making compost from kitchen garbage using red warms is called vermicomposting.
• Paper can be recycled to get useful products.
• Plastic cannot be converted into less harmful substances by the process of composting.
• We need to generate less wastes and find ways of dealing with the increasing amount of garbage in our surroundings.
• Wastes may be soiid wastes. Industrial wastes, Biomedical wastes, Agricultural wastes commercial wastes and radioactive wastes.
• Wastes are harmful but all are not for example soil is a waste when it is discarded from our homes.
• Proper disposal of wastes must, ensure that it does not pose a threat to people and the environment.
• Domestic wastes are sewage, kitchen wastes, Garbage and others.
• Sewage wastes can be divided into three categories: (i) Natural wastes (ii) Road traffic wastes and (iii) Behavioural wastes.
• Industrial wastes are from manufacturing industry, nuclear reactor, metallur-gical mining, textile, food processing, petroleum and other industries.
• Commercial wastes are generated in shops, restaurants, hotels, institutions, etc. A large quantities of plastic packing bottles, cans and clothings are discarded by these places.
• Commercial wastes may be of the following types: (i) Budding waste, (ii) Restaurants and shope waste, (iii) Wastes from printing.
• Bio-medical wastes generated by medical institutions and hospitals even day. It includes discarded cotton, bandages, plasters, syringes, medicines, saline bottles, hot water bags, and needles, tissues, bloods, fresh x- ray films etc.
• Agricultural wastes are farm animal waste fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides.
• Wastes may be biodegradable and non- biodegradable. It may be toxic and non-toxic.
• Bio-array use of some organisms to know the biological effects of a sustance or factor.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

Exercises

Question 1.
What is the composition of air?
Answer:
The major components of air are:
(i) Nitrogen (78%)
(ii) Oxygen (21%)
(iii) Noble gases (0.9%)
(iv) Carbon dioxide (00.3%)
(iv) Other gases, dust particles and water vapours (0.01%) by volume.

Question 2.
Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration?
Answer:
Oxygen gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration.

Question 3.
How will you prove that air supports burning?
Answer:
Take two plastic bottles and remove their base with the help of a sharp knife. Take two candles and coverthese two burning candles with the plastic bottles. After some time, candles stop burning and water level rises up in the plastic bottles.

Now make several holes in one plastic bottle and cover the lighting candle with this bottle. We see that candle burns continuously. This candle gets air from different holes and burns continuously till it is completely finished. This activity shows that air supports burning.

Question 4.
How will you show that air is dissolved in water?
Answer:
Take some water in a beaker and heat it slowly on a tripod stand with gas burner. We see that tiny bubbles are sticking on it. These
bubbles are mainly of oxygen gas present in air, i which is dissolved in water. When we heat water, the air dissolved in water escapes out in the form of bubbles.
This shows that air is dissolved in water.

Question 5.
Why does cotton lump get sunk T in water?
Answer:
Cotton lump contains air in it. There are various spaces in which air is filled. When cotton lump is put into water, air present in the vacant space dissolved in water and cotton lump sank.

Question 6.
The layer of air around the earth is known as
Answer:
The layer of air around the earth is known as atmosphere.

Question 7.
The component of air used by green plants to make their food is
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is needed by green 1 plants to make their food.

Question 8.
List five activities that are possible due to presence of air.
Answer:
Activities that are possible due to presence of air are as follows:
(i) Windmill.
(ii) Movements of sailing yachts.
(iii) Flying of aeroplanes, birds, etc.
(iv) Dispersal of seeds.
(v) Watercycle.

Question 9.
How do plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Plants and animals help each other in exchange of gases. They are interdependent on each other. All the animals require oxygen for their survival. It helps breaking down digested food in the body and release energy. This process is called respiration. During respiration, carbon dioxide gas is produced.

Plants consume this carbon dioxide gas for preparing their own food and release oxygen. They also use some oxygen for respiration. This oxygen gas is used for animals in their respiration process. In this way, plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere.

HBSE 6th Class Science Air around us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where do we get air?
Answer:
We get air from the atmosphere.

Question 2.
What is the use of air pressure?
Answer:
Air pressure is used in pumps.

Question 3.
The cover of air around the earth is called
Answer:
Atmosphere.

Question 4.
Air occupies and
Answer:
Space, mass.

Question 5
forms the earth atmosphere.
Answer:
Air.

Question 6.
What gases are found in the air?
Answer:
Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases and water vapours.

Question 7.
Which gas forms the largest part of the air?
Answer:
Nitrogen.

Question 8.
What part of the air is oxygen?
Answer:
Oxygen is l/5th part of the air.

Question 9.
What is the use of nitrogen in air?
Answer:
Nitrogen slows down the process of combustion.

Question 10.
State one biological importance of air dissolved in water.
Answer:
Dissolved air helps aquatic animals for breathing.

Question 11.
During photosynthesis, which gas is consumed?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide gas.

Question 12.
Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
Answer:
Oxygen gas.

Question 13.
Which gas is helpful for combustion?
Answer:
Oxygen gas.

Question 14.
When do plants release oxygen?
Answer:
Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.

Question 15.
Name two variable components of air.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oyxgen.

Question 16.
Name two objects which are inflated by air.
Answer:
(i) Cycle tyre
(ii) Balloons.

Question 17.
Give the percentage composition of nitrogen and oxygen by volume in air.
Answer:
Nitrogen – 70% and oxygen – 21%.

Question 18.
Name two inert gases present in the air.
Answer:
(i) Argon
(ii) Neon.

Question 19.
Why do we need extra oxygen supply at high altitude?
Answer:
Because at high altitude air is thin.

Question 20.
Excepting oxygen and nitrogen, name two other gases present in the air.
Answer:
(i) Carbon dioxide
(ii) Argon.

Question 21.
Which component of the air is used in fire extinguishers?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide gas.

Question 22.
State one way in which air enters the air.
Answer:
Through respiration.

Question 23.
Why do we call neon and argon as inert gases?
Answer:
Because they do not react with any ; other element or compound in ordinary conditions.

Question 24.
Name two gases which can – damage historical monuments.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen dioxide
(ii) Sulphur dioxide.

Question 25.
What is called wind?
Answer:
The moving air is called wind.

Question 26.
Name two properties of air.
Answer:
(i) Air occupies space
(ii) It has mass.

Question 27.
Write two importances of air in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) Air helps rotate wind-mill which is used to draw water from tube-wells.
(ii) Air helps in dispersion of seeds and ; pollen grains of flowers of several plants.

Question 28.
Give one important use of .! nitrogen.
Answer:
Nitrogen is used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

Question 29.
Name two major gases of air.
Answer:
Two major gases of air are:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the names of four main constituents of air.
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon dioxide
(iv) Water vapours.

Question 2.
What are the uses of oxygen present in air?
Answer:
Uses of oxygen:
(i) Animals use oxygen for breathing and respiration.
(ii) Aquatic animals and plants use oxygen for breathing.
(iii) Mountaineers inhale oxygen at heights where air is thin.
(iv) Pure oxygen is used for artificial breathing in hospitals.
(v) Oxygen is used in oxy-acetylene torch for welding and cutting purposes.
(vi) Liquid oxygen is used as rocket fuels.

Question 3.
How can you show that air contains carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Take some lime water in a watch glass and keep it for a few hours in open air. A white crust is formed on the upper surface of the lime water. Lime water turns milky due to the presence of carbon dioxide in the air. This shows that air contains carbon dioxide.

Question 4.
Show that one-fifth volume of air is oxygen.
Answer:
Take a glass trough. Fill it about half with water. Add a few drops of ink to make the water coloured. Fix a candle on a solid iron rectangular block and place the block in water. Take a glass cylinder and mark it into five equal parts by passing a thin strip of paper at equal distance on its outer surface. Light the candle and invert the glass cylinder over it.

The flame of candle starts burning, then becomes and finally stops burning. Coloured water rises up in the glass cylinder and is filled one fifth with water. Thus one fifth of air is used in burning. Hence one fifth volume of air is oxygen.

Question 5.
How will you show that air contains water vapour?
Answer:
Put some ice blocks in a glass tumbler and keep it in the open air. Drops of water appear on the outer surface of glass tumbler after a few minutes. Air in contact with the tumbler gets cooled and the water vapour present in it condenses to give drops of water.

Thus we can see that water is present in air in the form of its vapours.

Question 6.
Explain why air is considered a mixture.
Answer:
Air is considered a mixture because:
(i) The composition of air varies from place to place and at depths and heights.
(ii) The constituents of air such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapours etc. can be separated by simple physical methods.
(iii) The properties of air are the average of its constituents.
(iv) No energy is evolved or absorbed when various components of air (gases) are mixed to obtain air.

Question 7.
Mention five uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of air:
(i) Air is used by humans for respiration.
(ii) Air is necessary for burning.
(iii) Air is used for inflating the tyres of vehicles.
(iv) Balloons and balls can be used only when they are inflated with air.
(v) Compressed air is used in the break system for stopping trains.

Question 8.
How will you show that air is present in a lump of soil?
Answer:
Take a lump of dry soil in a beaker or glass tumbler. Adding water to it, we see that bubbles come out from the soil. This shows that soil contains air.

Question 9.
What will happen if the amount of oxygen in the air is increased?
Answer:
If the amount of oxygen in the air is increased, the burning of thing will not stop and fire will spread into large area which will be dangerous to humans and for the nature.

Question 10.
Why is nitrogen important for living organisms?
Answer:
Nitrogen in air is used for manufacturing food by the nitrogen fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates which mixes with the soil and plants absorb these as their food. So it is necessary and important for living organisms.

Question 11.
How can we see upto a long distance after it rains?
Answer:
When it rains, the dust in the atmosphere settles down to the ground. This is why we can see upto a long distance just after rain.

Question 12.
How do you know that solid particles are floating in air?
Answer:
Choose a sunny room in your home, now close all the doors and windows to make the room dark. Now open the window/door facing the sun just a little in such a way that it allows sunlight to enter the room only through a slit.

Now look the incoming sunlight slants carefully. We see some tiny shining particles moving rapidly in the slanting beam of sunlight. This shows that air contains dust particles.

Question 13.
Describe the process by which oxygen is naturally produced.
Answer:
Oxygen is naturally produced by the process of photosynthesis. Fill a beaker to about 3/4th with pond water and put a small plant in it. Cover it with a funnel. In this beaker now add a pinch of sodium bicarbonate.

Invert a test tube filled with water on the stem of funnel so that air bubbles get in the test tube.

Now put the apparatus in sunlight and observe after sometime. You will see that some gas has been collected in the test tube. Let half the test tube be collected with this gas. Now remove the test tube by putting thumb at the mouth of the test tube. Bring a splinter in the test tube. Splinters burn rapidly which show that it is oxygen gas.

Question 14.
What is liquid air? How can it be made?
Answer:
When air is cooled under reduced pressure, it is convert into liquid form. This air is called liquid air. Air is cooled under reduced air changes into liquid form.

Question 15.
What would happen if plants stop taking carbon dioxide?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food with the help of carbon dioxide. They take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and consume all the carbon dioxide released by animals through the process of respiration.

If plants stop taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere and the temperature of atmosphere will increase due to green house effect. Due to this, glacier will melt and there will be flooding on the earth. The nature living organisms will die.

Question 16.
Why do divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them?
Answer:
Divers and mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them because at higher altitude and in oceans, the amount of air/oxygen is very thin. Therefore breathing becomes very difficult.

The divers and mountainears inhale oxygen from these cylinders so that they can breate easily. Therefore, they carry oxygen cylinders with them.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Point out different uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of various constituents of air:
1. Uses of Nitrogen:
(i) It helps to slow down the process of combustion.
(ii) It dilutes the concentration of air.
(iii) On a very large scale nitrogen is used for the manufacturer of ammonia, which is used to make fertilizers and nitric acid.
(iv) Due to inertness nitrogen is used to produce a blanketing atmosphere during the processing of food to prevent oxidation which causes food to spoil and affects the natural taste.
(v) Nitrogen is used with argon for filling electric lamps.
(vi) Nitrogen is used for making explosive such as TNT and nitro cellulose.

2. Uses of Oxygen:
(i) Without oxygen, animal life is not possible. It is used for breathing and respiration.
(ii) Mountaineers inhale oxygen at heights, where oxygen is thin, from the cylinders they carry on their backs.
(iii) Fish and other aquatic animals use dissolved oxygen for breathing and respiration.
(iv) It is used in hospitals in many diseases for artificial respiration.
(v) Oxygen with acetylene is used as oxy- acetylene torch as welding and cuttings.
(vi) Liquid oxygen is used as rocket fuels.

3. Uses of Carbon dioxide:
(i) Carbon dioxide is used by plants for making their food.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers.
(iii) It is used in soft drinks such as campa and limca.
(iv) Alcoholic beverages such as bear contains carbon dioxide.

4. Uses of Inert gases:
(i) Inert gas argon is filled in bulbs for the protection of filament of the bulb.
(ii) Helium is used to obtain low temperature.
(iii) Neon is used in special electric bulbs called neon-signs.
(iv) Radon gas is used in the treatment of cancer.

Instead of is used in inflating vehicle tyres, such as cars, scooters and motor-cycles. It is used in compressed form for digging, mining and breaking stones in machines. It is used in drying process for agricultural products such as grains, pulses etc. Air current makes the wind-mill to rotate. Wind-mill is used to draw water from the wells and tube-wells. Air is used for sailing gliders and aircrafts. It also helps in dispersal of seeds.

Air around us Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Air is found everywhere. When air is in motion, it is called wind.
• We cannot see air but we can feel it.
• Air occupies space. It is present in water and soil.
• Air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and few other gases, water vapours and dust particles.
• Oxygen is necessary for burning and breathing.
• The cover of air surrounding the earth is known as atmosphere.
• Atmosphere is essential for the life on the earth.
• Aquatic animals use dissolved oxygen/air in water for respiration.
• Plants use carbon dioxide to produce their food and release oxygen.
• The plants and animals are inter dependent for gaseous exchange.
• Air is useful in many ways. It is used for inflating tyres, balloons, and for winnowing.
• Air is also used in several musical instruments.
• Without oxygen, animal life is not possible. Mountaineers inhale oxygen at height, where air is thin from the cyclinders of oxygen.
• Oxygen is a supporter of combustion. Ice presence increases the burning process.
• Plants and animals exchange air and are interdependent on each other.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill up the blanks in the following:
(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ……………. .
(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………… .
(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ………….. in that region.
(d) Excessive rain may cause …………. .
Answer:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Condensation
(c) Drought
(d) Flood.

Question 2.
State for each of the following whether it is due to evaporation or condensation.
(a) Water drops appear on the outer surface of a glass containing cold water.
(b) Steam rising from wet clothes while they are ironed.
(c) Fog appearing on a cold winter morning.
(d) Black board dries up after wiping it.
(e) Steam rising from a hot girdle when water is sprinkled on it.
Answer:
(a) Condensation
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) Evaporation
(e) Evaporation.

Question 3.
Which of the following statements are “true”?
(a) Water vapour is present in air only during the monsoon.
(b) Water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers, and lakes but not from the soil. water level would lower down. It will result into drought.
(c) The process of water changing into its vapours, is ailed evaporation.
(d) The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight.
(e) Water vapour condenses to form tiny droplets of water in the upper layers of air where it is cooler.
Answer:
(c) True
(d) True
(e) True.

Question 4.
Suppose you want to dry your school uniform quickly. Would spreading it near an anghiti or heater help? If yes, how?
Answer:
Yes, if we want to dry our school uniform quickly, we should spread our clothes near a anghiti or heater. Because near anghithi or heater, temperature is more, which helps water evaporation from the clothes and they dry quickly.

Question 5.
Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table. After some time you notice a puddle of water around it. Why?
Answer:
When we keep a bottle of water taking out from refrigerator we notice some puddles of water around it. This is because the water-vapour near the surrounding atmosphere, condenses and deposites around the cooled water bottle. Water vapour always remains in the atmosphere.

Question 6.
To clean their spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them wet. Explain why the glasses beomes wet?
Answer:
When we breathe on the spectacles, water vapours comes out from our breathe, and they condenses into water droplets when they come in contact of glass, because the glasses are cooler than the water vapours. So the glasses becomes wet, due to water puddles.

Question 7.
How does clouds formed?
Answer:
The water vapours that goes into air rises up along with air. As the air moves up, it gets cooler and cooler. At sufficient heights, air becomes so cool that the water vapour present in it condenses to form tiny drops of water called droplets. These droplets are very small, much smaller than even a grain of sand. These droplets are so small that lakhs of them together would form a drop of water.

These tiny droplets remain suspended in the air and moves along with it. When these water droplets in the air come closers they may combine to form slightly bigger droplets. In this way their sizes may become larger. Once the size of the droplets become larger than a definite size, they appear to us as clouds.

Question 8.
When does a drought occur?
Answer:
If it does not rain in a region for a year or more. The soil continues to lose water by evaporation and transpiration. Since it is not being brought back by rain, the soil becomes dry. The water level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up. The ground water may also become scarce. This may lead to drought.

HBSE 6th Class Science Water Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the term ‘cycle’.
Answer:
It is an event or phenomenon which repeats itself after sometime.

Question 2.
Name some activities in our daily life where we use water.
Answer:
We use water in our daily life in various activities such as: drinking, bathing and washing of clothes.

Question 3.
What is the main source of water?
Answer:
Oceans are the main source of water.

Question 4.
Define the term ‘evaporation’.
Answer:
The process of changing water from its liquid form to its vapour is known as evaporation.

Question 5.
Is evaporation a slow process or fast process?
Answer:
Evaporation is a slow process.

Question 6.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Plants lost their excess water through their leaves into the air in the vapour form. This process is called transpiration.

Question 7.
Name two processes through which water vapour add conti-nuously into the air.
Answer:
The two processes are:
(i) Evaporation
(ii) Condensation.

Question 8.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapours into liquid form of water is called ; condensation.

Question 9.
What is fog?
Answer:
The fog in winter is due to condensation of water vapour in air near the , surface of the earth.

Question 10.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
When water drops come together in the air becomes heavy and begin to fall, Falling of water drops is called precipitation.

Question 11.
How is snow or hails formed?
Answer:
When water droplets freeze in the air and begin to fall is called hails or snow.

Question 12.
Define water cycle.
Answer:
The water in its vapour form goes to air by evaporation and transpiration forms cloud and then comes back to the surface of the earth through the process of condensation and precipitation. This process is called water cycle.

Question 13.
Name three states of water.
Answer:
The three states of water are:
(i) liquid
(ii) solid
(iii) gaseous state.

Question 14.
What is the importance of convertibility of water from one state to another state?
Answer:
The easy convertibility of water from one state to another state makes its availability in all parts of the earth and throughout the year.

Question 15.
What is the percentage of water that is available for our use?
Answer:
Only a tiny fraction about 0.01% of total water is used by human beings.

Question 16.
What would happen if we do not water plants?
Answer:
Water is essential for plants for their food preparation. So the plants will die without water.

Question 17.
List two sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
(i) Underground water
(ii) surface water.

Question 18.
Where do we get water for our daily use?
Answer:
We get water from well, rivers and ponds.

Question 19.
During melting of ice, the temperature of the system changes/remains unchanged.
Answer:
Remains unchanged.

Question 20.
List the sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
Sources of water on the earth are: Rivers, ponds, lakes, well, spring and rain water.

Question 21.
Write the chemical formula of water.
Answer:
H₂O.

Question 22.
Name two sources of natural water.
Answer:
(i) River water
(ii) Lake water.

Question 23.
Name two solid forms of water.
Answer:
Snow, hails and frost.

Question 24.
Name universal solvent.
Answer:
Water is a universal solvent.

Question 25.
What is saline water?
Answer:
A sample of water contains more than 2% dissolved salts are called saline water.

Question 26.
Name the process by which saline water is made potable.
Answer:
Desalination process.

Question 27.
What do we use water for?
Answer:
We use water for drinking, bathing and cleaning purposes.

Question 28.
Give two uses of water in your home.
Answer:
(i) Cooking of food
(ii) Cleaning of utensils.

Question 29.
What is the use of water in agriculture?
Answer:
In agriculture, water is required to produce grains.

Question 30.
From where do we get fresh water supply?
Answer:
The ultimate source of fresh water supply is oceans.

Question 31.
Who supplies water to lakes and ponds?
Answer:
Oceans supply water to lakes and ponds.

Question 32.
What will happen if we do not water the plants in the pot?
Answer:
Water is essential for plants, for the preparation of their food. Without water, the plants will die.

Question 33.
List the sources of water for your daily use.
Answer:
We get water for daily use from wells, lakes, rivers, ponds and streams.

Question 34.
List the sources of water on the earth.
Answer:
Sources of water on the earth are: Rivers, lakes, ponds, well, spring, sea water, rain water and ocean water.

Question 35.
List the salts that can be obtained from the sea.
Answer:
Common salt, sodium bromide, magnesium chloride and potassium iodide.

Question 36.
Explain the term ‘salinity’.
Answer:
The rain water dissolves large amounts of salts, and it becomes salty. This is called salinity of water.

Question 37.
Write two uses of water in plants.
Answer:
(i) They use water in photosynthesis.
(ii) Water is essential for germination of seeds.

Question 38.
Name two sources of natural water.
Answer:
River water, lake water and stream water.

Question 39.
Name two solid states of water.
Answer:
(i) Snow
(ii) Ice
(iii) Frost.

Question 40.
What is saline water?
Answer:
A sample of natural water which contains more than 2% of dissolved salts, especially common salt is called saline water.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do fish and aquatic plants survive in water?
Answer:
Fish and aquatic plants needs oxygen to survive. Oxygen is slightly soluble in water. They get this dissolved oxygen for their survival.

Question 2.
How are clouds formed?
Answer:
Water vapours being lighter, rise up in the atmosphere. At the upper layer, they are condensed into tiny water droplets and form clouds. These clouds while falling down cause rains.

Question 3.
Give four physical properties of water.
Answer:
Physical properties of water:
1. It is a colourless liquid.
2. It freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
3. Bad conductor of electricity.
4. It has a maximum density ofll cm3 at 4°C.

Question 4.
Define water cycle.
Answer:
Evaporation of water from oceans, ponds, rivers and lakes and from roads and streets to form cloud by condensation at higher altitude. When clouds rain, the rain water flows into the seas and oceans through rivers and streams. Some water percolates into the soil to form underground water. It comes again out in the form of spring and well. This is called water cycle.

Question 5.
Water is called a universal solvent. Give reasons.
Answer:
Water is called universal solvent because it dissolves any things in it. Many things dissolve in water as the time passes. So it is called universal solvent.

Question 6.
State different uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water:
(i) We use water for drinking, bathing, cooking and cleaning of clothes.
(ii) Water is used in agriculture to produce food.
(iii) It is used in industries for carrying out various activities.
(iv) It is used for making electricity from flowing water.
(v) In thermal power stations, water is used to rotate generators through steam to produce electricity.
(vi) In railways, it is used to move railway engines. In factories, it is used in boilers to produce hot water and steam for running machines.

Question 7.
What are the different sources of water?
Answer:
Different sources of water are:
(i) Oceans
(ii) Seawater
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Lakes
(v) Streams
(vi) Well and dam water.

Question 8.
Write importance of water for sustaining life.
Answer:
Importance of water:
(i) Water is used by the organisms to transport soluble food materials to the cells.
(ii) It carries waste materials produced within the cells which are excreted out by the living beings.
(iii) It carries oxygenated red bloods to cells and tissues ofliving beings and brings back carbon dioxide produced during respiration and excreted out from the body.
(iv) Plants use enormous water during photosynthesis.
(v) It maintains body temperature.
(vi) Water is essential for germination of seeds.

Question 9.
How does rain water become saline?
Answer:
Water is a universal solvent, because it dissolves a large number of substances. When rain falls, it dissolves common salts and many other substances and minerals present on the earth. The rain water passes through different layers of earth, rocks, dissolves large amount of salt and other minerals. Thus it becomes salty.

Question 10.
How will you show the presence of water in air? .
Answer:
Take some pieces of ice in a beaker and keep it for sometime. After some time, we will observe that small water drops are formed on the cold outer surface wall of the beaker. These water drops are formed by the condensation of those water vapours which were present in air around beaker. This shows that water is present in air.

Question 11.
What are natural calamities?
Answer:
The conditions of floodings and drought ai’e called natural calamities.

Question 12.
What are the factors responsible for flooding?
Answer:
There are many factors for flooding like intensity and duration of rainfall, soil condition and presence of plants or trees on the grounds.

Question 13.
Give some uses of water in our houses.
Answer:
We use water in our houses for “many purposes; we need it for drinking, bathing, washing our clothes. We also use water for cooking, cleaning of utensils, watering of plants and other everyday activities.

Question 14.
How is water essential for plants?
Answer:
Water is essential for agriculture to produce grains; It is also required for growing plants that gives us fibres of cotton and jute. Water is required for the growth and in the process of photosynthesis for preparing their food. Germination of seeds requires water.

Question 15.
Who supplies water to rivers, lakes, ponds and wells?
Answer:
Oceans and seas are major sources of water on the earth. The water cycle fully depends upon oceans and seas. Rain is possible only due to water cycle and supplies water to rivers and ponds etc. Indirectly, ocean supplies water to these resources.

Question 16.
Define ground water.
Answer:
‘The ground water is actually rain water which mainly comes from seepage of water accumulated under the ground. Rain water percolates into the soil and reaches under the ground where water quantity increases and air decreases. This reserve water under the ground is called ground water.

Question 17.
We should use ground water judiciously. Why?
Answer:
If large quantity of ground water is taken out for various purposes, the water level goes down. Thus there will be shortage of water and it is not possible if we continuously use this water. So we should use ground water very carefully.

Question 18.
How are lakes and ponds formed?
Answer:
Lakes and ponds are small reservoirs of water. These are created by collection of rain water in low lying areas. Seepage from the ground water reserves also adds to the water in lakes and ponds.

Question 19.
What will happen if there is no rain at all?
Answer:
Rain is an important source of natural water. If there is no rain, the soil will lose its water by evaporation and become dry. Water will also be lost through transpiration process of plants. Rivers, ponds and wells will dry and the water level would lower down. All this will affect animals, humans and wild plants. If it continues for one or tw o years in continuation, it results into drought.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by water cycle in nature?
Answer:
Water constantly moves from the earth to the air and back again. The constant circulation of water is known as the water cycle.

The water in seas, rivers, lakes, ponds „r streams evaporates because of the heat of the sun. Plants also give out large amounts of water from their leaves. The water vapour rises up. The air higher’ up in the atmosphere is cooler. This cools the water vapour and it condenses to form tiny drops of water on dust particles. These drops of water together form clouds. As the clouds get cooled further, the water drops become bigger and heavier. When they become too heavy, they fall to the earth as rain.

The rain water enters the seas, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams and then evaporates again. Thus the water cycle in nature goes on.

Question 2.
How can we conserve the precious water?
Answer:
Water can be conserved by the following methods:
(i) We should use water very judiciously.
(ii) We should not waste water during its consumption.
(iii) We should not use drinking water in garden for watering plants.
(iv) We should not throw waste products into water resources.
(v) Water is used through pipes and spraying in agriculture.
(vi) Industrial wastes and effluents should not be released into rivers.
(vii) Ground water should be used when necessary. Leakage of taps should be stopped. In this way, we conserve water.

Water Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Water is essential for all living beings. Water is essential for sustaining life. Water vapour is always present in the air.
• Evaporation of water changes it from its liquid to gaseous state. Evaporation is a slow process.
• Evaporation of water is a continuous process that takes places at all places.
• Large amount of water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds and other water bodies and also from the soil.
• Plants release water vapours into air by the process of transpiration.
• The process of conversion of water vapour into liquid water is called condensation. Water vapours condense to form tiny droplets of water in the upper layers of air where it is cooler.
• Clouds appear in the sky when water droplets in air become larger than certain size.
• Falling of water drops from the clouds is called precipitation.
• The process of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation of water and its down hill flow to the oceans constitute the water cycle.
• Cycling of water between oceans and land ensures availability of water for all living organisms on the earth.
• Water exists in three states, that is solid, liquid and gaseous.
• Lakes, ground water and ice caps are some sources of water. Well water and spring water are examples of ground water.
• Water is a universal solvent, because it dissolves a large number of substances.
• Ocean water is highly saline. This water is harmful for agricultural purpose, animals and for human use.
• Pure water is colourless, odourless and tasteless liquid. Water becomes tasty due to dissolving of some gases such as C02 in it.
• Water dissolves oxygen gas due to which aquatic plants and animals respire. Presence of dissolved carbon dioxide is a source of food for aquatic plants.
• Water cycle helps in replenishing water sources and maintaining global weather.
• Evaporation of water from sea and other water bodies forms clouds at higher altitude. Clouds give rains and rain water flows back into the sea in the form of streams and rivers. Some rain water percolates through the soil to form underground water. This underground water comes up again and rushes out in the form of springs or is drained out as well water. This is called water cycle.
• There are two main natural sources of water: (i) Underground water, (ii) Surface water. Underground water is free from impurities.
• It is mainly of two types: (i) Well water, (ii) Spring water.
• Surface water is present on the surface of the earth. It is of three types: (i) rain water, (ii) river and lake water, (iii) sea water.
• Water is precious. It is one of the most wonderful gifts of nature.
• The total amount of water on the earth remains same but its distribution in different regions is different.
• We need water for various purposes, like drinking, bathing, washing our clothes, for cooking food, cleaning of utensils, watering of plants and other everyday activities.
• Water is required in agriculture to produce grains. It is also necessary for growing plants that gives us fibres and jute. Fibres are used for making clothes.
• Oceans and seas contain most of the water on the earth.
• Oceans and sea water is not fit for drinking and for agriculture purposes due to large amount of salt in it.
• Snow is another source of water. Snowmelts slowly and this water flpws down in the form of streafhs and rivers. Streams and rivers are another source of water.
• Most of the water which human beings use for drinking, washing and farming comes from rivers and streams.
• Water below the ground is known as underground water. This is mainly rain water that comes from seepage of water accumulated under the ground. The level below the ground where air is very less and only water is present is called water table.
• Lakes and ponds are small reservoirs of water. These are created by collection of rain water in low laying areas.
• Rain is a very important source of water for us. All resources of water are fed mainly by rains.
• If it does not rain for one or two years, soil will lose its water by evaporation and become dry. Rivers, ponds and lakes will dry and the
• The results of drought may be that no crops, food and fodder will decrease and humans and animals will die.
• In case of heavy rains, water level increases and flood occurs. Due to lack of air in soil due to heavy rains animals suh as earthworm, rats and snakes come out from the soil. Due to heavy rains, crops are also destroyed.
• Conditions of flood and drought are called natural calamties.
• Conservation of water is essential for sustaining life on the earth. Due to increasing population and increasing industrialisation and urbanisation, water requirements are also increasing.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

HBSE 6th Class Science Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the following:
(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as ………… and ………… .
(ii) The materials which are attracted towards magnet are called ………… .
(iii) ………… is not a magnetic material.
(iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction suspending a piece of ………… .
(v) A magnet always has ………… poles.
Answer:
(i) bar magnet, horse-shoe magnet and round, shaped magnet
(ii) magnetic materials
(iii) leather
(iv) suspended magnet.

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.
(ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
(iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.
(iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnets when it is brought near them.
(v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction.
(vi) A compass can be used to find East-West directions at any place.
(vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) False
(vii) False.

Question 3.
It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet, although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
Answer:
A pencil sharpner is made up of iron metals-which is attracted towards the magnet. To some parts of it are made of iron/cobalt; which are magnetic materials.

Question 4. Column I show different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed ner that of the other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks:

Answer:

Question 5.
Write any two properties of a magnet.
Answer:
Properties of a magnet:
1. A magnet attracts magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt and nickel towards it.
2. When a magnet is suspended freely, it stands always in North-South direction.
3. Magnetic influence can pass through a screen of cloth, plastic and papers.

Question 6.
Where are poles of a bar magnet located?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always:omes to rest in one direction i.e., North-South direction.

The end pint of themagnet pointing towards north is called north pole and end pointing towards south is called south pole. Thus we an see that a magnet has two poles:
(i) North-pole
(ii) South-pole.
North and South poles are marked on the magnet.

Question 7.
A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its pole. How would you find out near which end is its north pole located?
Answer:
We take a bar m agnet and tied it with a thread in the middle. Now it is suspended freely tied the thread in a stand. We find that bar magnets stay in North-South directions.

The pole which is towards north is called north pole of the bar magnet. Thus we can find the poles of a magnet.

Question 8.
You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?
Answer:
Method of making an iron strip , a magnet: Take the iron strip and place it on the table. Strike it with one pole of a bar magnet in one direction. When you reach the other end of the iron stick, leave the magnet and bring the same pole back to the starting end of the iron stick. Strike again in the same direction. Repeat this process about 30-40 times. Check whether the iron piece has now become a magnet. If not, continue the process for some more time. Remember that the pole and the direction of the magnet is not to be changed. In this way, an iron stick can be converted into a magnet. (See Fig. 13.3.)

Question 9.
How is a compass used to find directions?
Answer:
A compass is made on the property of a magnet, staying in north-south direction. This is a small glass case containing a magnetised needle pivoted on a nail. The needle can rotate freely. Whenever it is kept, its needle always rests in north-south direction, (See Fig. 13.4.)

Normally the north pole of the needle is painted red or some other indication is given to identify north and south poles. So using this needle, north and south can be identified.

Question 10.
A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in water in a tub. Affect observed in each case is stated in column I. Possible reasons for the observed affects are mentioned in column II. Match the statements given in column I with those in column II.

Answer:
(A)-(d).
(B)—(c).
(C)—(b)
(D)—(a),
(E)—e).

HBSE 6th Class Science Fun with Magnets Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two places where magnets are used in your daily life.
Answer:
(1) Refrigerators
(2) Small pencil box.

Question 2.
Why do chess pieces stick to metallic card board?
Answer:
Because chess pieces are fitted with magnets.

Question 3.
What was the name of Greek shephered?
Answer:
His name was Magnes.

Question 4.
Magnetic ludo is not displaced with movement of vehicle. Why?
Answer:
Because the ludo is fitted with magnet.

Question 5.
From what materials magnets are made of?
Answer:
Magnets are made of from magnetic materials. .

Question 6.
Name two magnetic materials.
Answer:
(i) Iron
(ii) Cobalt.

Question 7.
Which, from the following objects, are attracted towards magnet?
Iron ball, plastic scale, wood stick, glass strip, pins.
Answer:
Iron ball and pins are attracted towards magnet.

Question 8.
What are non-magnetic materials?
Answer:
Materials which do not attract towards magnets are called non-magnetic materials.

Question 9.
Name some non-magnetic materials.
Answer:
Leather, plastic, cloth and paper etc.

Question 10.
What is a magnet?
Answer:
A magnet is an object which attracts pieces of iron, cobalt and nickel.

Question 11.
What happens when the north pole of a magnet ip brought near the north pole of a freely suspended magnet?
Answer:
They repel each other.

Question 12.
What happens when the north pole of a magnet is brought near the south pole of a freely suspended magnet?
Answer:
They attract each other

Question 18.
Can we have an isolated north pole or south pole?
Answer:
We cannot have an isolated north pole or south pole. They always exist in opposite direction.

Question 14.
Which iron is used for making a permanent magnet?
Answer:
Hard steel and alloys.

Question 15.
Which iron is used for making a temporary magnet?
Answer:
Soft iron.

Question 16.
Why are artificial magnets preferred to natural magnets?
Answer:
Artificial magnets are very strong in comparison with natural magnets.

Question 17.
In which direction does a freely suspended bar magnet come to rest?
Answer:
North-South direction.

Question 18.
Why does a magnetic needle get deflected when placed near a current carrying conductor?
Answer:
Due to magnetic field produced by current.

Question 19.
A bar magnet attracts iron fillings more strongly at two ends. What are these ends points called?
Answer:
These end points of the bar magnet are called its poles.

Question 20.
Name two devices where electromagnets are used?
Answer:
Electric bell and loud-speaker.

Question 21.
What type of magnet is used in an electric bell?
Answer:
U-shaped magnet is used in an electric bell.

Question 22.
What is the instrument in which directive property of a magnet is used?
Answer:
Mariner’s compass.

Question 23.
What is a temporary magnet?
Answer:
A magnet which retains its properties of magnet for a short time period is called temporary magnet.

Question 24.
How is a magnet demagnetised?
Answer:
(i) By heating
(ii) by hammering the magnet violently.

Question 25.
Two like poles of magnets are brought near each other. Will they attract or repel each other?
Answer:
They will repel each other.

Question 26.
What is a natural magnet?
Answer:
A natural magnet is a naturally occuring ore of iron which has attractive and directive property.

Question 27.
Can we have a magnet with a single pole?
Answer:
No, because unlike poles of equal strength exist together.

Question 28.
What is a sure test of magnetism?
Answer:
Repulsion is a sure test of magnetb.m.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between a temporary magnet and a permanent magnet?
Answer:

Question 2.
Give two applications of electromagnets.
Answer:
(i) They are used in cranes to lift heavy loads of scrap iron and iron sheets.
(ii) They are used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances.

Question 3.
What are the properties of a magnet?
Answer:
There are two main properties of a magnet:
(i) Attractive property.
(ii) Directive property.

Question 4.
Define attractive and directive property of a magnet.
Answer:
(i) Directive property: On suspanding a bar magnet freely with a thread we find that at rest it always points towards north- south direction.
(ii) Attractive property: Magnet has the property to attract iron, cobalt and nickel towards it. These substances are called magnetic substances.

Question 5.
How will you distinguish two identical bars of iron as a permanent magnet and an ordinary piece of iron?
Answer:
To identify the real magnet bring a third magnet near each end of the identical bars. In case of ordinary bar, both its end should be attracted towards magnet. But in case of a permanent magnet, one of its ends would be repelled.

Question 6.
What is the difference between the magnetic properties of soft iron and steel?
Answer:

Question 7.
Explain that induction precedes attraction.
Answer:
When iron piece is brought near a magnet, the iron is first temporarily magnetised by induction. Thus being two opposite poles, there is attraction. The iron piece first converts into a magnet having opposite poles, near its magnetised pole. Thus induction precedes attraction.

Question 8.
What is the difference between an electromagnet and a magnet?
Answer:
A magnet is a natural magnet with fixed magnetic effects. It is obtained from nature in the form of mineral. An electromagnet is a soft iron piece which shows magnetic effects only when eletric current is passed through it. Its magnetic effects can be increased or decreased by increasing electric current through conducting wire round the core.

Question 9.
What is a magnetic compass? What are its uses?
Answer:
A magnetic compass is a device which has a magnetic needle which is free to move on a pivot at the centre of a round box. It is used by sailors and navigators to find the directions. The compass needle is free to rotate and aligns in the north-south direction. Its free end that points north is marked red. (See Fig. 13.4.).

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a compass? Describe the construction of a compass with the help of a labelled sketch. How is a compass used to find directions?
Answer:
The compass is an instrument to find the directions of a place. The compass has a tiny magnet in the form of a needle which can rotate freely on a pivot (or pin). The pivoted magnetic needle of the compass is enclosed in a small brass box having a glass top. The compass has a circular dial with various directions marked on it. The needle of compass always conies to rest along the north-south directions. The north pole of compass needle is painted with different colour to distinguish it from the south pole.

In order to find the directions at a place, the compass is kept on a flat surface at that place. The needle of compass will soon come to rest along the north-south direction. The compass is then rotated until the painted end of needle is towards N (North) mark on the dial and the other end of needle is towards S (South) mark on the dial. We can now find any direction by looking at the dial of the compass.

Fun with Magnets Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Some materials such as magnetite show magnetic properties. These are called natural magnets.
• Magnet attracts some materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel. Such materials are called magnetic materials.
• The materials such as paper, cloth, leather etc. which are not attracted towards magnets are called non-magnetic materials.
• Magnetic attraction is maximum near the ends of the magnet. These ends are called magnetic poles.
• When suspended freely, a magnet always aligns in N—S direction.
• When suspended freely one pole of the magnet always points towards North. This is known as North pole.
• The other pole which points towrds South, is known as South pole.
• Opposite poles of two magnets attract each other whereas there is repulsion between similar poles.
• Magnetic influence can pass through screens of some substances like cloth, plastic, paper, glass etc.
• While travelling on the sea or air, a magnet can be used to find the directions. In olden days sailors used this property of magnet for finding directions when they were at sea.
• Compass is a small glass case, containing a magnetised pivoted on a nail. The needle can rotate freely.
• Wherever it is kept its needle always rests in North-South direction.
• On heating, or hammering magnetic property is destroyed.
• To keep it safe, store bar magnets in pairs with unlike poles together, separated by a bit of wood and two pieces of soft iron across the ends. For horse-shoe magnet, keep one iron piece across the poles.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Separation of Substances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 5 Separation of Substances

HBSE 6th Class Science Separation of Substances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Why do we need to separate different substances present in a mixture? Give two examples.
Answer:
We need to separate different substances present in a mixture due to the following purposes:

• To remove the unuseful or harmful component for example removing tea leaves after making tea.
• To obtain the useful components – for getting wheat or rice grains after separating.
• To remove impurities for getting a pure sample. For example obtaining sugar crystals from jaggery (Gur) or salt from sea water.

Examples:

• Tea leaves age separated from liquid with a strainer while preparing tea.
• Grain is separated from stalks, while harvesting.

Question 2.
What is winnowing? Where is it used?
Answer:
The process of separating lighter and heavier particles from a mixture is called winnowing. In this process/method heavier particles of grains are separated from lighter particles of husk. The husk particles are carried away by wind and separate heap away from that of the heavier particles of grains of wheat is formed. This method is used by farmers in fields as well as at a flour mill (atta chakki).

Question 3.
How will you separate husk or dirt particles from pulses before cooking?
Answer:
The husk particles or dust particles are separated from pulses by the method of hand picking. Since the undesired particles are present in small quantities and the total amount of pulses to be separated is generally not very- very large. So they are separated by hand picking before cooking the pulses.

Question 4.
What is sieving? Where it is used?
Answer:
Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different size. The undesirable particles in the form of husk remain on the seive and fine particles of flour pass through the holes of the sieve. Sieving flour before consuming is not a good practice, because during sieving husk remains on the seive, which provides us roughage which is useful for our body.

Question 5.
How will you seperate sand and water from their mixture?
Answer:
A mixture of sand and water can be separated by decantation method. Take a glass tumbler half filled with the given sample of water. Stir the water thoroughly. Now keep the tumbler undisturbed for sometime. We must see that sand being heavier than water has settled down at the bottom of the tumbler. This process is sedimentation. Now pour the. clear water into another tumbler, without disturbing the layer of sand and with the help of a glass rod. This process is decantation. In this way, mixture of sand and water can be separated.

Question 6.
Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it?
Answer:
Yes, it is possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour. The mixture of sugar & wheat flour can be separated by sieving. The wheat fine particles separates by strainer and sugar particles being bigger in size remains on the strainer. Thus sugar can be separated from the mixture of sugar and wheat flour.

Question 7.
How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
Answer:
We can separate clear water from muddy water by loading process. Take a beaker half filled with muddy water and take a piece of alum. Tie the alum piece by a cotton thread.

Now dip the alum in water and move it slowly in a circular path for about one minute. Remove the alum and keep the beaker undisturbed for a few minutes. We find that dust particles that are responsible for making the water muddy settle down readily. Alum dissolves in water very easily. The fine dust particles get loaded and become heavier and settle down at the bottom of the beaker. The clear water may be decanted. This activity combines two methods loading and decantation.

Question 8.
Fill up the blanks :
(a) The method, of separating seeds of paddy from its stalk is called ________.
(b) When milk is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream(malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of ________.
(c) Salt is obtained from sea water by the process of ________.
(d) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept over night in a bucket. The clear water was then poured of from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called ________
Answer:
(a) Winnowing
(b) filtration
(c) Evaporation
(d) Decantation.

Question 9.
True or False?
(a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
(b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the proces of winnowing.
(c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
(d) Grain and husk can be separated with ‘ the process of decantation.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d)True.

Question 10.
Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish j to ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after dissolving sugar? In which cash would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?
Answer:
We should add ice in lemonade after dissolving sugar in it, because sugar dissolve more before adding ice. It would be possible to dissolve more sugar before adding ice in the lemonade, because it dissolve more into hot than in cold.

HBSE 6th Class Science Separation of Substances Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a pure substance?
Answer:
A pure substance is one that consists of a single element or compound.

Question 2.
How will you separate a mixture of iron fillings and sulphur powder?
Answer:
The mixture can be separated by using a magnet. The iron fillings are picked out by the magnet and sulphur powder remains behind.

Question 3.
Name the method used to separate butter from milk.
Answer:
Centrifugation/churning method.

Question 4.
Name two materials used as filters.
Answer:

• Cotton cloth
• Filter paper.

Question 5.
Which method will you use to separate blue vitriol (Neela thotha) from its solution?
Answer:
Crystalization method.

Question 6.
What is meant by the term ‘mixture’?
Answer:
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more elements or compounds, physically mixed in any ratio.

Question 7.
Give three examples of mixture.
Answer:
Tea, milk and air.

Question 8.
Write two properties of mixtures.
Answer:

• Ratio of constituents is not fixed.
• Does not have definite m.p. or b.p.

Question 9.
Name the process of obtaining ; iron from waste materials.
Answer:
Magnetic separation.

Question 10.
How can you obtain distilled water?
Answer:
By distillation process.

Question 11.
Name the process to separate two immiscible liquids.
Answer:
Decantation process by separating funnel.

Question 12.
Name a gaseous mixture.
Answer:
Air.

Question 13.
Name three mixtures found in nature.
Answer:

• Sea water/pond water/lake water.
• Air

Question 14.
What is winnowing?
Answer:
It is the process of separation of grains from husk and hay with the help of wind.

Question 15.
What is centrifugation?
Answer:
It is a method of separating suspended solid particles from a liquid.

Question 16.
Name the method of separating two immiscible liquids.
Answer:
Decantation or By separating funnel.

Question 17.
What is sublimation?
Answer:
It is a process in which a solid gets converted into its gaseous state.

Question 18.
What is loading?
Answer:
The process of setling down solid particles quickly.

Question 19.
What is churning?
Answer:
Churning is a method of making butter.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a mixture? Give two examples.
Answer:
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more elements or compounds, when physically mixed in any ratio.
(i) Gun powder (ii) Salt in water.

Question 2.
How will you prepare a big crystal of sugar from powdered sugar?
Answer:
Prepare sugar solution in hot water and allow it to cool. Filter the solution. Now hang a crystal of sugar with the help of a thread and a glass rod leave the solution undisturbed for four days. Now we see that crystals slowly begin to grow on the crystal.

Question 3.
How is common salt obtained from sea water?
Answer:
Sea water is run into shadow ponds and allowed to evaporate to dryness in hot sun. Water evaporates and solid common salt is left behind. The salt is then collected in heaps.

Question 4.
How will you separate a mixture of sulphur in water?
Answer:
Take the mixture of water and sulphur in a beaker. Pour the mixture on the filter paper with the help of a glass rod so that the liquid stands below the edge of the cone. The residue that remains on the filter paper is sulphur. Now dry it to get sulphur and water is collected in beaker.

Question 5.
How will you separate a mixture of naphthalene and salt?
Answer:
Naphthalene and salt mixture can be separated by the process of sublimation. Naphthalene sublimates and is collected on inverted keep and salt remains behind in the dish.

Question 6.
What do you mean by decantation? What are its uses?
Answer:
Decantation is a process by which we can remove a liquid without disturbing the solid settled down in the bottom.
Uses: This method can be used to separate a mixture of

• sand and water
• mixture of two liquids – water and oil.

Question 7.
How will you separate a mixture of water and kerosene oil?
Answer:
Mixture of kerosene oil and water can be separated by using separating funnel. Take the mixture in separating funnel and allow it to stand for some time. After sometime, two different layers form. Kerosene oil being lighter forms upper layer and water forms lower layer. By opening the stop cock, we obtain water and kerosene remains on the funnel.

Question 8.
What do you mean by distillation? How can you separate a mixture of alcohol and water?
Answer:
Distillation is the process in which liquid is heated to get vapours and then cooling the various to get back liquids. It is used to separate a mixture the components of which have different boiling points.

The mixture of alcohol and water is taken in a round bottom flask. Alcohol boiling point 80°C, evaporates first on heating as compared to water with boiling point 100°C. Now alcohol vapours are condensed by cooling in a separate container. It gets converted back to alcohol liquid and water remains in flask.

Question 9.
How will you separate a mixture of iron dust and sulphur powder?
Answer:
A mixture of iron dust and sulphur can be separated by the magnetic separation method. Iron dust is attracted towards the magnet and separated in a container and sulphur remains behind in the container.

Question 10.
How will you separate a mixture of iodine and sand?
Answer:
A mixture of iodine and sand can be separated by sublimation. The mixture is taken into a china dish and covered with inverted funnel. A cotton plug prevents the vapours from escaping into atmosphere. On heating, iodine sublime and collected on the cool inner surface of funnel. Sand is left behind in the disc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How will you separate a mixture of iron fillings, common salt, sand and sulphur?
Answer:
Iron fillings are separated from the mixture by using a magnet. The remaining mixture of salt,-sand and sulphur is stirred with water when salt is dissolved in it. On filtration salt solution is obtained as a filtrate and the residue contains sand and sulphur.

Sand and sulphur mixture is shaken with carbon disulphide, when sulphur dissolves in it but sand remains undissolved. On filtration, sand is obtained as residue and sulphur as filtrate. On evaporating the filtrate carbon disulphide is removed and sulphur is obtained.

Question 2.
How you will purify common salt obtained from sea water?
Answer:
The lumps of impure common salt obtained from sea water, are crushed to get powdered salt. The powdered common salt is dissolved in water to prepare a solution. The solution of common salt is filtered to remove insoluble impurities.

The clear solution of common salt is evaporated by heating to remove some of the water to obtain a concentrated solution. The hot concentrated solution of common salt is allowed to cool. On cooling, the hot solution crystallises and crystals of pure common salt are obtained.

Separation of Substances Class 6 HBSE Note

1. We use some materials like sugar, common salt, water, milk as such in our daily life. In many materials, we have to separate the useful components from the unwanted or sometimes harmful components before we can use them. For example we peel off the skins of mangoes and bananas before using them.

2. Pure substances : A pure substance is one that consists of a single element or compound. All its constituents have similar properties. Examples are copper, iron, water, common salt, sugar etc.

3. Mixtures : A mixture contains two or more types of constituents which are present in any ratio. For example, air around us contains many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and dust particles. Thus air is a mixture. Sea water, pond and river water are also mixtures. Gun powder and brass are other examples of mixtures.

4. Need for separation : We know that a mixture contains two or more components. We want to be very sure about the purity of the food we take in. Even the water we drink should be pure. We can say that we carry out the separation of substances with the following purposes:

• To remove the un-useful or harmful component.
• To obtain the useful component.
• To remove impurities for getting a pure sample.

5. Principle of separation : Different materials have different properties and we can use these property differences to separate mixtures. The components of a mixture can be separated by one method or by a combination of various methods.

6. Method of separation : Often, in mixtures, we are able to see the different components present. There are several methods used for separating the constituents of a mixture. The choice of the method used depends upon the nature or the properties of the constituents. Some common methods for the separation of the components of a mixture are as follows :

7. Hand Picking: This method is use for separating small particles of dust, stone, husk etc. from the grains of wheat, rice and pulses etc. Since these unwanted components are present in small quantities and total amount of grains to be separated is not very-very large, so they are separated by hand picking.

8. Sieving: Sieving of wheat flour (atta) is a common practice. Sieving a wheat flour through a sieve allows fine particles of the flour to pass through the holes of the sieve while the bigger husk particles remain on the sieve.

Sieving is used when two components of a mixture have different sizes. Sand can be separated from stone by seiving.

9. Winnowing : This method of separation is commonly used to separate lighter particles from heavier grains of wheat.

In this method, the wheat grains containing husk are allowed to fall down from some height while the wind is blowing. Since husk is lighter than grains, it gets carried away by wind and heaps of grains and husk are formed separately.

10. Sedimentation and decantation : This method of separation is used for a mixture consisting of an insoluble solid and a liquid. The process of settling down of heavier insoluble particles in a mixture of water and insoluble substances is called sedimentation (Fig 5.5). The process of transferring the clear liquid (after sedimentation) without disturbing the sedimentation insoluble heavy particles is called decantation. Fig. 5.5. (6).

Decantation can also be used for separating two immiscible liquids such as oil and mixture. Oil and water do not mix with each other and form separate layers. They can also be separated by using separating funnel.

11. Loading : In rainy season we get muddy water from wells, taps or other sources of drinking water. This muddy water can be made clear by loading. If a piece of alum, tied

with a thread, is swirrled in such a water, then after some time the water becomes clear on standing. (Fig 5.7) The water becomes clear because the mud particles get loaded by the alum particles and become heavy and settle down at the bottom of the container and water can be decanted for further use.

12. Filtration : Filtration is used to separate solid impurities from a liquid. In our homes, tea is filtered to separate tea leaves and shikanji (lemo-nade) is filtered to separate the seeds of the lemon.

13. Evaporation : The process of separating any salt from its solution by removing water is called evaporation. This process is largely used to obtain common salt from sea water. When sea water is allowed to stand in shallow pits, water slowly turns into water vapours by absorbing the heat of the sun, leaving behind solid salt.

14. Magnetic separation : This process of separation is used when one of the components in the mixture is iron. For example a mixture of iron fillings and sand can 5.10. “Magnetic, separation”

be separated by moving a magnet in the mixture. The Magnet picks out only iron fillings from the sand. This process is called magnetic separation (Fig 5.10)

15. Churning: This process is used to separate cream from milk. When milk is churned for some time, the lighter cream particles float on its surface from where they can be separated. Churning can be done by hand or by using a mixi. (Fig 5.11.)

16. When one method of separation is not sufficient to separate the different substances present in a mixture, we use more than one methods. (See Fig 5.13) For example if we have a mixture of salt, water and sand and we want to separate all the three substances, we use two methods-decantation and evaporation.