HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Name the major nutrients in our food.
Answer:
The major nutrients in our food are:

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Dietary fibres and water.

Question 2.
Name the following :
(a) The nutrients which mainly gives energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eye sight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Answer:
(a) Carbohydrates and fats,
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins ‘A’
(d) Calcium.

Question 3.
Name two food each rich in :
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fibre
(d) Proteins.
Answer:
(a) (i) Butter, (ii) Ghee, (iii) Soyabean.
(b) (i) Rice (cooked), (ii) Dal (cooked), (iii) Peanuts.
(c) Whole grains and pulses. Fresh fruits.
(d) Milk, fish, cheese and eggs.

Question 4.
Tick (✓) the statements that are correct.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. ( )
(c) Balance diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. ( )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
Answer:
(a) Not correct
(b) correct
(c) correct
(d) not correct.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) _________ is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of _________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease known as _________.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of _________ in our food.
Answer:
(a) Rickets
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Scurvy
(d) Vitamin ‘A’.

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the essential nutrients for our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients.

Question 2.
Name any three sources of carbohydrates.
Answer:
Cereals – Sugar and sweet potato.

Question 3.
Name the disease caused due to lack of vitamin A.
Answer:
Night blindness.

Question 4.
Name two sources of animal proteins.
Answer:
Egg and milk.

Question 5.
Write two sources of plant protein.
Answer:
Pulses and beans.

Question 6.
Same mass of which nutrient gives more energy – Fats or carbohydrate?
Answer:
Fats.

Question 7.
Name two foods rich in dietary fibres.
Answer:

  • cabbage
  • spinach.

Question 8.
Name three foods rich in oil and fats.
Answer:
Butter, ghee, vegetable oils.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 9.
Name two protein-rich foods.
Answer:
Meat and milk.

Question 10.
Which food is needed for strong bones and teeth?
Answer:
Milk, fish, oils and eggs.

Question 11.
Which food is needed to prevent constipation?
Answer:
Juicy fruits and fresh vegetables.

Question 12.
Name the type of food which makes a balanced diet?
Answer:

  • Energy-providing
  • Growth- promoting
  • protective food.

Question 13.
What are protective foods?
Answer:
Foods which help in protection of body from disease like – minerals and vitamins.

Question 14.
Name three sources of fats.
Answer:
Coconut, ghee and groundnut.

Question 15.
What is the importance of proper food selection?
Answer:
By selecting food properly, we can have nutritious diet in less price.

Question 16.
What are the sources of vitamin ‘D’?
Answer:
Milk, butter, egg and fish liver.

Question 17.
What is the causal factor of scurvy?
Answer:
It is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What is the main cause of obesity?
Answer:
Excess eating of fried food is the main cause of obesity.

Question 19.
What are harmful effects of obesity?
Answer:
It causes heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Question 20.
Name four important minerals present in our body.
Answer:
Calcium, sodium, potassium and iron.
Calcium and phosphorus.

Question 21.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in children.
Answer:
Kwashiorkar and Marasmus.

Question 22.
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B2?
Answer:
Retarded growth, Pellegra.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 23.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of iron.
Answer:
Anaemia.

Question 24.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of phosphorus.
Answer:
Body weakness and bad bones and teeth.

Question 25.
Chapatis of wheat flour or maida?
Answer:
Chapatis of wheat flour give us more nutrients.

Question 26.
Vegetables and fruits with peels or without peels?
Answer:
Vegetables and fruits with peels give us more nutrients.

Question 27.
Dalia or noodles?
Answer:
Dalia gives us more nutrients.

Question 28.
Fruit juice or created spot drinks?
Answer:
Fruits juice gives us more nutrients.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency?
Answer:
Symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency are :
(i) Skin on the gums begins to crack and bleed.
(ii) Wounds in the body take a longer time to heal.
(iii) Cough and cold are caused due to its deficiency.

Vitamins Minerals
1. They are a special group of compounds. 1. These are special groups of inorganic compounds.
2. These are needed by our body in a very small quantity. 2. These are needed in small amounts.
3. They perform specific functions. 3. Each mineral is necessary for the growt hand development of the body.
4. They help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. 4. They help in maintaining a good health.

Question 2.
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
Difference between vitamins and minerals :

Question 3.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet containing all the essential requirements in right proportion, necessary for the growth and development of the body. These are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Sufficient amount of water and roughage should also be present.

Question 4.
What are protective foods? Give two examples.
Answer:
Those foods which help in the protection of body against diseases like vitamins and minerals.

Question 5.
Name the different components of food.
Answer:
The main components of foods are : Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Roughage and water are also needed in proper quantity.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 6.
List the functions of food.
Answer:
Functions of foods are:

  • To provide energy to do work.
  • To help in repairing of injured body part and growth.
  • To protect the body from infections and disease.

Question 7.
What is the importance of fats in our body?
Answer:
Fats are important for our body in the following ways:

  • They are used as fuels in the absence of carbohydrates.
  • Fats protect the internal organs from the external shocks.

Question 8.
Why is water essential for our life?
Answer:
Water is very essential for our body in the following ways :

  • It acts as medium for body reactions and functions.
  • It helps in transport of substances in the different parts of the body.
  • It helps in digestion of food.
  • It helps in removal of waste from the begins.
  • It helps in maintaining the body tempture constant.

Question 9.
Why are vitamins and minerals called protective food?
Answer:
Minerals are chemical compounds needed in small quantities for proper growth and function of the body. Vitamins are also very important for proper functioning of the body organs. They protect our body from many diseases and infections. So they are called protective foods.

Question 10.
What is roughage? How is it important for the body?
Answer:
The part of food containing cellulose which is undigestible in nature acts as roughage. It helps in removing all the undigested food, stored in the digestive tracts, outside the body.

Question 11.
What is malnutrition? What are its harmful effects?
Answer:
Malnutrition is caused by deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet. Protein deficiency causes kwashiorkar in which swelling in body occurs. Protein and carbohydrate deficiency cause marasmus in which leaves body parts leaning and person becomes thin.

Question 12.
What are the causal factors for scurvy and rickets?
Answer:
Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ‘C’. In this disease, gums and nose start bleeding. The body bleeds inside. Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D. In this disease, bones become soft and bend.

Question 13.
Explain the following with suitable examples:
(i) Obesity, (ii) Hypervitaminosis, (iii) Anaemia.
Answer:
(i) Obesity : It is caused by excess eating of fried foods. Fats and carbohydrates are stored in our body and cause obesity. In it too much fats are deposited in the body which is very harmful.

(ii) Hypervitaminosis : It is caused due to excess of vitamin ‘D’. In hypervita-minosis the foot becomes like elephant and becomes very thick.

(iii) Anaemia : It is caused by the deficiency of iron. It is needed for the formation of red-blood cells in our blood. Therefore by the deficiency of iron our body becomes yellow. In this disease, there is a loss of appetite, nails becomes white, swelling appears on our hands and feet and other body parts.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 14.
What is the importance of carbohydrates in our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates act as fuels in our body. It is the only nutrient which combusts frequently and produce energy. Our body use this energy in performing various body functions.

Question 15.
What is meant by P.E.M.? Name the disease caused by P.E.M.
Answer:
The elaborated form of P.E.M. is protein energy malnutrition. The diseases caused by P.E.M. are: (i) Kwashiorkar and (ii) Marasmus.

Question 16.
Explain the importance of proteins in the human body.
Answer:
Protein contains sufficient quantity of amino-acids to maintain a normal functioning of our body. It is required for growth and repairs in our body. It helps in building the new tissues. They also account for the tough fibrous nature of hair and nails. They are parts of our body and help in proper functioning of our body. It can also burn to provide energy in the time of emergency.

Question 17.
How would you test the presence of the following in the given food?
(a) Starch (b) Vitamin C.
Answer:
(a) Test for starch : The material is dissolved in water. To this solution, add some drops of iodine solution. If it turns blue, it shows the presence of starch.

(b) Test for vitamin C : The material is dissolved in water and add some drops of iodine solution in it. Now with the help of a dropper put drop by drop into the blue coloured iodine solution. If the blue colour disappears and brown colour appears, it shows the presence of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What happens when we eat lots of fried food?
Answer:
Fried foods such as noodles, pizza, burgers, potato wafers, chocolate, candies, ice-creams and soft drinks all are harmful to us if we take these in excess and regularly. These fast foods lack in minerals and vitamins. They cause obesity. They increase body weight.

Question 19.
Why do we have to drink lots of water?
Answer:
Water is required to perform several different functions. Our blood is mostly water. In dehydration, blood becomes thicker. Water helps in digestion. It dissolves waste products of the body and these could be removed through urine.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are vitamins? Write the sources of vitamin A, B, C and D. Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of these vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins are a special group of compounds which are needed by our body only in very small quantities. They do not provide any energy to us, but they are essential components of our diet as they perform specific functions in our body. Some vitamins are water-soluble and some are fat-soluble. Vitamin ‘A’ is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its good sources are fish oil, milk, milk products and carrots. Its deficiency causes night blindness.

Vitamin ‘B’ is water-soluble. It is found in wheat, rice, yeast extract, liver and kidney. Lack of vitamin ‘B’ causes beri-beri.

Vitamin ‘C’ is water-soluble. It is found in citrus fruits, (orange, lemon, lime) and in many fresh vegetables. Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.

Vitamin ‘D’ is fat soluble. It is found in fish oil, eggs, milk and milk products. Its deficiency causes rickets.

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

Question 2.
What are the sources and importance of the following minerals:
(a) Calcium, (b) Magnesium, (c) Potassium, (d) Zinc.
Answer:
(a) The main sources of calcium minerals are : Milk, cheese, eggs and green vegetables. It is also found in flour and breads. It helps in formation of bone, teeth and blood clotting. It also helps in muscles activity.

(b) Magnesium is found in cheese and green vegetables. It is found in whole meal bread, milk and fish. It helps in energy transfer and muscles activity. Magnesium is also helpful in bone and teeth formation. It works with calcium and vitamin C.

(c) Potassium is found in meats, fruits and vegetables. It is also found in milk, eggs, cheese, beef and potatoes. Its main function is to maintain balance in blood and tissues fluid. It also helps in nerve impulse conduction.

(d) Zinc is mainly found in onions, liver and green vegetables. Its importance in our diet is that it is an important part of hormone insulin.

Components of Food Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. We get energy from the food we eat. It gives us energy to work and play. It helps us to grow.

2. Food helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues. It also protects our body from diseases and infections.

3. Food is an absolute necessity for sustaining body functions.

4. Food has many components; such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. All these are called nutrients.

5. Water and roughage are also necessary for our diet. They play a vital role in our diet.

6. On the basis of functions, they perform, the components of food may be classified as:

  • Energy-giving food: carbohydrates and fats.
  • Body-building food : proteins.
  • Protective food: vitamins and minerals.
  • Roughage and water: roughage helps in digestive system and water’ is essential for the body.

7. Carbohydrate is the main source of energy in our body. Proteins help in repairing of tissues, body building and many other functions.

8. Minerals and vitamins are very essential for our body. They are required in minor quantities for proper growth and body functions.

9. Vitamins are protective foods which are necessary for the well being of the body. They are needed in small quantities for carrying out various biological functions.

10. We should take a balanced diet means which contains all nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in proper proportion. No single food can provide all the nutrients.

11. Over eating is also not good for a person, as he becomes fat and obese. Obesity may cause many diseases.

12. Sources of carbohydrates in our diet are; cereals grains such as corn and sorgham, peas, beans, sugarcane, sugar beet and many fruits such as banana, mango, melons and vegetables.

13. Many processed foods are rich in carbohydrates including breads. Pizzas, burgers, jams and jelleys, dried fruits, sugar and jaggery are also carbohy-drates.

14. Fats are obtained either from animals or from plants. Butter and ghee are obtained from animals. Groundnut oil, soyabean oil and mustard oil are derived from plants. Fats give more energy than carbohydrates.

15. Protein is obtained from animals and from plants both. Milk, fish, meat, ghee and eggs are main sources of animal proteins. Pulses and beans are sources of plant proteins.

16. Children suffering from protein—deficiency have light brown hair, oldman like face, always hungry and have distended stomach.

17. Proper amount of vitamins helps our body to function normally. Lack of vitamin A causes deficiency disease such as night blindness. Deficiency of vitamin B causes beri-beri and deficiency of vitamin ‘C’ causes scurvy.

18. Fibres and roughage is mainly given by plant foods : grains flour, cereals, potatoes, fresh fruits and raw and cooked vegetables provide roughages in our food.

19. If a person does not get adequate food or his/ her diet does not contain all the nutrients, he becomes weak and said to be suffering from malnutrition. Enough food without enough protein causes rickets.

20. Food may be vegetarian/non-vegetarian, balanced or unbalanced, simple or spicy, nourishing or junk food. Deep fried and roasted foods usually loose their nutritive value.

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