HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resource

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resource Important Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resource

Multiple Choice Questions

Class 10 Water Resources Important Questions HBSE Question 1.
Which of the following is a source of fresh water?
(a) Surface run-off
(b) Groundwater
(c) Both of these
(d) Ocean.
Answer:
(c) Both of these

Class 10 Geography Water Resources Important Questions HBSE Question 2.
Through which of the following is the freshwater continually being renewed and recharged :
(a) Oxygen cycle
(b) Nitrogen cycle
(c) Life cycle
(d) Hydrological cycle.
Answer:
(d) Hydrological cycle.

Important Question Of Water Resources HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
What percentage of the total water exists as oceans?
(a) 20 per cent
(b) 97-5 per cent
(c) 28-60 per cent
(d) 99-10 per cent.
Answer:
(b) 97-5 per cent

Question 4.
What percentage of the earth surface is covered with water?
(a) About 1/2
(b) About 3/4
(c) About 1/4
(d) About 2/3.
Answer:
(b) About 3/4

Question 5.
Which of the following is the reason of water scarcity?
(a) Over-exploitation
(b) Over-utilisation
(c) Unequal distribution
(d) About 3/4
Answer:
(d) About 3/4

Question 6.
Which one of the following is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment?
(a) Multipurpose Project
(b) Dam
(c) Embankment
(d) Bridge.
Answer:
(b) Dam

Question 7.
Hirakud dam is on the river
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Satluj
(c) Narmada
(d) Krishna.
Answer:
(a) Mahanadi

Question 8.
Which of the following is not true with reference to multipurpose river projects?
(a) The building of multipurpose projects leads to the salination of the soil.
(b) These have led to many social movements like Narmada Bachao Andolan.
(c) These increase unemployment.
(d) The big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.
Answer:
(c) These increase unemployment.

Question 9.
Who proudly proclaimed the dams as the “temples of modern India” ?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) Dr Rajendra Prasad
Answer:
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 10.
On which of the following rivers is the Tehri Dam constructed?
(a)Ganga
(b) Yamuna
(c) Bhagirathi
(d) Satluj.
Answer:
(c) Bhagirathi

Question 11.
With which of the following rivers is the Sardar Sarovar Project associated?
(a) Narmada
(b) Mahanadi
(c) Krishna
(d) Kaveri.
Answer:
(a) Narmada

Question 12.
In which of the following states did people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) West Bengal
(c) Punjab
(d) Haryana.
Answer:
(b) West Bengal

Question 13.
Rainwater harvesting system in mountain regions is known as :
(a) Tank
(b) Guls or Kuls
(c) Canal
(d) Rooftop.
Answer:
(b) Guls or Kuls

Question 14.
In which of the following states is rooftop rainwater harvesting commonly practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Assam
(d) Bengal.
Answer:
(b) Rajasthan

Question 15.
Which of the following regions in India suffers most from water scarcity?
(a) Western Rajasthan
(b) North-East States
(c) Flood Plains
(d) Coastal regions.
Answer:
(a) Western Rajasthan

Question 16.
Which of the following is not true with reference to rainwater harvesting?
(a) It solves the problem of water scarcity.
(b) It is an environment-friendly technique.
(c) It is very cheap.
(d) It can be used to generate electric power.
Answer:
(d) It can be used to generate electric power.

Question 17.
Which of the following states is the first and only state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory for all houses across the state?
(a) Kerala
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
(d) Tamil Nadu.

Fill In the blanks

1. All water moves within the ……………. cycle ensuring that water is a …………. resource.
Answer:
hydrological, renewable.

2. We find that ……………. water resources are being over …………. and have caused their depletion in several of the cities.
Answer:
fragile exploited.

3. Dams were ………….. built to impound rivers and collect …………. that could be used later to irrigate ……….. fields.
Answer:
traditionally, rainwater, agricultural.

4. Irrigation has also changed the cropping ……….. of many regions with farmers shifting to water-intensive and crops.
Answer:
pattern, commercial.

5. The floods not only …………… life and property but also cause extensive soil
Answer:
devastate, erosion.

6. …………… rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong.
Answer:
Rooftop.

7. Rooftop has been used for collection of ………
Answer:
rainwater.

8. …………… is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting …………….. structure compulsory for all the …………….. across the state.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu, houses.

Match the following

Match Column A to Column B:

Column A Dam’s Name	Column B River Name
1. Rana Pratap Sagar	(a) Krishna
2. Bhankra Nagal	(b) Son
3. Nagaijuna Sagar	(c) Satluj
4. Rihand	(d) Damodar
5. Panchet	(e) Godavari
6. Pavara	(f) Chambal

Answer:

Column A Dam’s Name	Column B River Name
1. Rana Pratap Sagar	(f) Chambal
2. Bhankra Nagal	(c) Satluj
3. Nagaijuna Sagar	(a) Krishna
4. Rihand	(b) Son
5. Panchet	(d) Damodar
6. Pavara	(e) Godavari

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do we obtain fresh water?
Answer:
We obtain fresh water from the precipitation, surface runoff and ground water.

Question 2.
Where and in which form is the maximum volume of fresh water found?
Answer:
Nearly 70 per cent of the earth’s fresh water occurs as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the mountainous regions of the world.

Question 3.
When does water stress occur according to Falken Mark?
Answer:
According to Falken Mark, a Swedish expert, water stress occurs when water availability is between 4,000 and 1,600 cubic metre per person per year.

Question 4.
What are the major reasons for the river pollution in India?
Answer:

• Increasing population
• Urbanisation
• Expanded irrigation,
• Industrialisation.

Question 5.
Where were the evidences of sophisticated irrigation works found?
Answer:

• Kalinga (Odisha)
• Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh)
• Bennur (Karnataka),
• Kolhapur (Maharashtra).

Question 6.
Who built the Hauz Khas tank in Delhi in the 14th century for supplying water supply to Siri Fort area?
Answer:
Iltutmish.

Question 7.
How are the dams classified on the basis of structure and material used?
Answer:
Based on the structure and the materials used, dams are classified as –

• Timber dams
• Embankment dams
• Masonry dams.

Question 8.
Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the dams as ‘The Temples of Modem India’?
Answer:
The reason behind it was that dams would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy, with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

Question 9.
What are multipurpose river valley projects?
Answer:
These are river valley projects which serve a number of purposes simultaneously, such as irrigation, flood control, generation of hydroelectricity, fisheries etc.,

Question 10.
What is the basic reason behind the movements like Narmada Bachao and Tehri Dam?
Answer:
Large-scale displacement of the local communities.

Question 11.
Why are inter-state water disputes becoming common regarding the multipurpose projects?
Answer:
Inter-state water disputes are becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multipurpose projects.

Question 12.
Name any two states of India which suffer from water scarcity.
Answer:
(i) Rajasthan
(ii) Gujarat.

Question 13.
Name the river on which the Mettur dam is built.
Answer:
Kaveri.

Question 14.
Which states are related to the Krishna-Kaveri dispute?
Answer:

• Maharashtra
• Karnataka
• Andhra Pradesh.

Question 15.
How do people conserve water in hills and mountainous regions?
Answer:
By building diversion channels like guls or kuls.

Question 16.
What are kuls?
Answer:
A kul is a circular village tank from which water is released as and when required.

Question 17.
Name any three states where rooftop rainwater harvesting is practised.
Answer:

• Meghalaya
• Rajasthan
• Tamil Nadu.

Question 18.
Name any two techniques of rooftop rainwater harvesting.
Answer:

• Recharge through hand pump.
• Recharge through abandoned dugwell.

Question 19.
How do people harvest water in the floodplains of Bengal?
Answer:
By building inundation channels to irrigate their fields.

Question 20.
How do people harvest water in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan?
Answer:
By building underground tanks or tanks.

Question 21.
What is Palar PanP?
Answer:
The purest form of rainwater is known as Palar Pani.

Question 22.
Which area has been irrigated by Rajasthan Canal?
Answer:
Western Rajasthan.

Question 23.
In which state is the Bamboo drip irrigation method prevalent?
Answer:
Meghalaya.

Question 24.
What is River Basin?
Answer:
The catchment area of a river is River Basin.

Question 25.
What is WetLand?
Answer:
A Tract of marshy land is called a wetland.

Short Answer Type Questions – I

Question 1.
Distinguish between surface water and underground water.
Answer:
Surface Water:

• It includes rivers, lakes, canals etc. found on the land surface.
• It can occur anywhere.

Underground Water:

• It includes wells and tubewells. The water is drawn from below the surface.
• It occurs in areas of soft and deep soil.

Question 2.
What is a hydrological cycle?
Answer:
The hydrological cycle is the circulation of water within the earth’s hydrosphere, in different forms, i.e. liquid, solid and the gaseous phases. It also refers to the continuous exchange of water between the ocean, atmosphere, land surface, sub-surface and organisms.

Question 3.
What do you understand by water scarcity? Mention any four factors responsible for water scarcity.
Answer:
Shortage of water, as compared to its demand, is known as water scarcity.

Factors responsible for water scarcity are:

• Over-exploitation of water resources.
• Industrialisation and urbanisation.
• Improper management.
• Unequal access to water among different social groups.

Question 4.
“Growing population is responsible for water scarcity.” Explain.
Answer:
A large population means the use of more water, not only for domestic use, but also to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher foodgrain production, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. Over-use by tubewells may lead to falling groundwater levels, adversely affecting water availability.

Question 5.
How is industrialisation responsible for water scarcity? Explain.
Answer:
The ever-increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources. Industries require power to run, which is produced from water. Besides this, industrial sewage pollutes water making it hazardous for human use.

Question 6.
“To conserve and manage our water resources is the need of the hour.” Give any four reasons.
Answer:
We have to conserve and manage our water resources:

• To safeguard ourselves from health hazards.
• To ensure food security.
• To prevent the degradation of our natural ecosystem.
• To save future generations from the water crisis.

Question 7.
What are dams? Why are they called multipurpose river projects?
Answer:
A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. Today, dams are built not just for irrigation, but also for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, inland navigation and fish breeding. Hence, dams are now referred to as multipurpose projects.

Question 8.
What is the main difference between traditional dams and modern dams?
Answer:
Traditional dams were built to impound rivers and rainwater, that could later be used to irrigate the agricultural fields. But today, dams are referred to as multipurpose projects, where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another.

Question 9.
How are dams classified?
Answer:
Dams are classified according to their structure, intended purpose and height :

• Based on structure and the material used, dams are classified as timber dams, embankment dams or masonry dams.
• Based on intended purpose, these may be single purpose dams or multipurpose dams.
• According to height, dams can be categorised as (a) large dams and major dams, and (b) low dams, medium-height dams and high dams.

Question 10.
Throw light on the major purposes of the multipurpose projects.
Answer:
The major purposes of multi-purpose projects are:

• To provide irrigation facilities for agriculture.
• To control floods.
• To produce hydro-electricity.
• To control land degradation.
• To develop industries.
• To develop water transport.
• To promote fish breeding.
• To manage pure drinking water.

Question 11.
What do you know about the Rrishna-Godavari dispute?
Answer:
The Rrishna-Godavari dispute is due to the objections raised by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka governments, regarding the diversion of more water at Koyna village by the Maharashtra government for a hydroelectric project. It would reduce downstream flow in both states, with adverse consequences, both for Industry and Agriculture.

Question 12.
What is the need of rainwater harvesting?
Answer:
The need of rainwater harvesting is as follows:

• To conserve water
• To reduce groundwater pollution
• To raise groundwater level
• To meet the increasing demand for water
• To avoid and control floods.

Question 13.
Explain rooftop rainwater harvesting technique.
Answer:

• Rooftop rainwater is collected on the roof or a house top by using PVC pipes.
• This collected water is filtered by using sand and bricks.
• Underground pipe is used to take the water to the sump for immediate usage.
• Excess water from the sump is taken to the well.
• Water from the well recharges the underground water.

Question 14.
How does rainwater harvesting system operate in the towns and villages of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In the towns and villages of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, the rain water that falls on the sloping roofs of houses is taken through a pipe into an underground tanka, built in the main house or in the courtyard.

Question 15.
How does the rooftop rainwater hairvesting system operate in Shillong and Meghalaya?
Answer:
Rooftop rainwater harvesting system is the most common practice in Shillong and Meghalaya. Shillong faces acute water shortage. Nearly, every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. 15-20 percent of the household water requirement comes from rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Question 16.
Mention four factors responsible for pollution of rivers in India.
Answer:
The following factors are responsible for pollution of rivers in India :

• Urbanisation.
• Agricultural modernisation.
• Industrialisation.
• Rapidly increasing population.

Short Answer Type Questions – II

Question 1.
Identify the different sources of water.
Answer:
Water is an important natural resource. Without water, there would be no life on the earth. Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but only a small proportion of it accounts for freshwater that can be put to use. Rainfall is the main source of water.

Based on the sources, water is available to us in the following different forms:

• Surface Water: It is obtained from rainfall and the melting of snow. All rivers, ponds, lakes and tanks etc. are the sources of surface water.
• Ground Water: A part of the rainwater percolates through the pores and crevices of the rocks into the earth’s crust. It is available below the surface. Groundwater is taken out by digging wells and tubewells.
• Ocean Water: 97.5 per cent of the total volume of the world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans: Although this water is not used like freshwater, but it provides a diverse aquatic life.

Question 2.
Explain the quantitative and qualitative aspects of water scarcity.
Answer:
(i) Quantitative Aspect:
This aspect is related to the availability of water resources. The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to variations in seasonal and annual precipitation. However, water scarcity in most cases is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.

(ii) Qualitative Aspect:
It is considered to be another situation, where water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Lately, there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.

Question 3.
Describe some of the hydraulic structures that were built in ancient India.
Answer:
Hydraulic structures built in ancient India :

• In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad, had a sophisticated water harvesting system, channelling the flood water of the river Ganga.
• During the time of king Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
  Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been found in Kalinga (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), etc.
• In the 11th century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time, was
  built.
• In the 14th century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Sultan Iltutmish, for supplying water to Siri Fort area.

Question 4.
Examine the importance of multi-purpose projects. Give examples of major multipurpose projects.
Answer:
Multi-purpose projects are of great importance:
(i) These projects are meant to tackle various problems associated with river valleys in an integrated manner
(ii) These projects control floods, check soil erosion, provide water for drinking and irrigation purposes and generate electricity.
A few major multi-purpose projects are Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley, Hirakud, Chambal, Sardar Sarovar etc.

Question 5.
What is rainwater harvesting? Mention the principal objectives of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Rainwater Harvesting: Rainwater harvesting is a technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by capturing and storing rain water, by constructing structures such as percolating pits, ponds, tanks and check dams, etc. Principal Objectives of rainwater harvesting:

The principal objectives of rainwater harvesting are as follows :

• To reduce run off of rain water into seas and oceans
• To improve the quantity and quality of ground water.
• To meet the ever-increasing demand for water.
• To avoid and control floods. ‘
• To reduce groundwater pollution.
• To increase ground water storage and raise the level of ground water.
• ‘To supplement requirement of water for domestic use during summer and long dry spells.

Question 6.
What is bamboo irrigation method?
OR
What do you know about the Bamboo drip Irrigation System?
Answer:
The bamboo irrigation method (System) is very popular in Meghalaya. It is about 200 year-old-system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes. Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the tops of hills to the lower reaches by gravitation. The channel section, made of bamboo, diverts water to the plant site, where it is distributed into several branches. If the pipes pass a road, they are taken high above the land on the tree branches. The last channel section enables water to be dropped near the roots of several plants. Thus, about 18-20 litres of water enters the bamboo pipe and gets transported over hundreds of metres.

Question 7.
What steps should be taken to conserve our water resources?
Answer:
We must check the fury of floods, more and more dams should be constructed so that extra water is stored which can later on be used for irrigating land, for increasing food production and for banishing famines.
Such rivers which cause floods should be linked with other rivers which usually have very little water in them.
The rainwater must be not allowed to flow into the sea. More and more tanks can be constructed which can be filled with water, before it flows into the sea and goes waste. Some scholars suggest that we should prepare our national water budget just as we prepare our finance budget.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the principal features of the following multi-purpose river valley projects:
Damodar Valley, Hirakud, Indra Gandhi Canal, Bhakra-Nangal.
Answer:
Damodar Valley:

• The project consists of a series of small dams on the tributaries of river Damodar. It has four small dams at Talaiya, Maithon, Pancheth and Mayurakshi.
• All the dams under this project are located in Jharkhand; but Durgapur barrage is in West Bengal.
• It serves Jharkhand and West Bengal through irrigation, flood-control, provision of hydro-electricity and navigation.
• It irrigates 5.15 lakh hectares of land and generates 1,181 MW. of electricity.

Hirakud Dam:

• It is the longest dam in India with a length of 25.8 km.
• It stores 8,100 million cubic metres of water.
• It is located on the river Mahanadi.
• It irrigates 7.5 lakh hectares of area, prevents floods and generates 270 MW of electricity, mainly for Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Indira Gandhi Canal Project:

• It is world’s largest irrigational canal, 649 km long.
• It is constructed on the river Beas by diverting the waters of river Beas and Ravi towards river Satluj from Harrike barrage.
• It irrigates 12.6 lakh hectares mainly in Ganganagar, Bikaner and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan.

Bhakra-Nangal Dam:

• It is the highest gravity dam in the world, built between two hills, about 226 m high from the river bed.
• It is built on river Satluj, near village Bhakra in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh.
• It serves jointly to cater Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi.

Question 2.
What is a multi-purpose project? How can the multi-purpose projects become harmful for the country? Explain with reasons.
OR
Put your arguments against constructing big dams,
OR
Why in recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition?
OR
What are the reasons for the multi-purpose projects and large dams coming under great scrutiny and opposition?
OR
Write any four demerits of multi-purpose river projects.
Answer:
Meaning of Multi-purpose Project: A multi-purpose project or a river-valley project is such a scheme which serves a number of purposes simultaneously, such as, irrigation, flood control, generating hydro-electricity and tourism, e.g. Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley Project etc. Big dams have caused serious socio-economic problems.

Among these, the more important ones are as follows:
(i) In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons. Regulating and damming of rivers affects their natural flow, causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.

(ii) Dams also fragment rivers, making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.

(iii) The reservoirs, that are created on the floodplains, also sub-merge the existing vegetation and soil, leading to its decomposition over a period of time.

(iv) Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’. Resistance to these projects has primarily been due to the large-scale displacement of local communities. Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood, and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation. But, they are not benefitted from these projects.

(v) Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences, like, salination of the soil. It has transformed the social landscape, i.e. increasing the social gap between the rich land owners and the landless poor.

(vi) The dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.

(vii) The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion.

Question
On an outline map of India show the major rivers and dams of India.
Answer: