Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary
HBSE 8th Class Civics Judiciary Textbook Questions and Answers
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 HBSE Question 1.
You read that one of the main functions of the Judiciary is holding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights. Why do you think an independent Judiciaiy is necessary to carryout this important function?
Answer:
An independent judiciary is necessary to carry the function of ‘upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights’ so that every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court if they believe that their Fundamental Rights have been violated.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 Solution HBSE Question 2.
Read the list of Fundamental Rights provided in chapter I. How do you think the Right of Constitutional Remedies connects to the idea of Judicial review?
Answer:
The Right to Constitutional Remedies and the idea of judicial review in both the cases, judiciary has the power to make amendments or corrections in the law if it believes that they are in violation of the basic structure of the constitutions. Judiciary acts as the guardian of our constitution.
Judiciary Class 8 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 3.
In the following illustration, fill in each tier with the judgements given by the various courts in the Sudha Goel case. Check your responses with others in class.
Answer:
Judgments given by various courts in the Sudha Goel case are:
(i) Lower Court: Laxman, his mother Shakuntala and his brother-in-law Subhash Chandra all the three were sentenced to death.
(ii) High Court: Laxman, Shakuntala and S ubhash Chandra were acquitted.
(iii) Supreme Court: Laxman and Shakuntala were sent to prison for life. Brother- in-law Subhash was acquitted due to lack of evidence against him.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 Question Answer HBSE Question 4.
Keeping the Sudha Goel case in mind, tick the sen tences that are true and correct the ones that are false.
(a) The accused took the case to the High Court because they were unhappy with the decision of the trial court.
(b) They went to the high court after Supreme Court had given its decision.
(c) If they don’t like the Supreme Court verdict, the accused can go back again to the trial court.
Answer:
(a) Correct
(b) False. They went to the High Court after the Trial Court had given its decision.
(c) False. They have to accept the Supreme Court verdict, since it is the highest court. The accused cannot go back to the Trial Court.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 Solutions HBSE Question 5.
Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?
Answer:
The introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all because it allowed any individual or organisation to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were being violated. The legal process was greatly simplified and even a letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL. ,
Chapter 5 Of Civics Class 8 HBSE Question 6.
Reread excerpts from the judge¬ment on the Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation case. Now write in your own words what the judges meant when they said that the Right to Livelihood as part of the Right to Life. .
Answer:
The Right to Livelihood is the part of the Right to Life because no person can live without the means of living. In the case of Olga Tellis vs. Bombay Municipal Corporation, the people live in slum. They have small jobs in the city and for them there is nowhere else to live. The eviction of their slum will lead to deprivation of their livelihood and consequently to the deprivation of life. Thus, it can be said that Right to Life means the need of basic requirements of livelihood, i.e., food, shelter and cloth.
Chapter 5 Civics Class 8 HBSE Question 7.
Write a story around the theme, “Justice delayed is justice denied.”
Answer:
The delay in giving justice amounts to a negation of the principle of justice.
A story around the theme runs like this, Gopal took a loan of 1,00,000 from a money-lender for the marriage of his daughter. As he was coming back, a thief snatched the bag of money from him. He screamed and luckily, the people in the locality helped him to take his bag from the thief. However, the bag first went to the police custody and the case took a long time in the court so that Gopal could not get the money on time and the marriage of his daughter was cancelled and he was also mentally harassed. Hence, it is true to say “Justice delayed is justice denied.”
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 8.
Make sentences with each of the glossary words given below:
(a) Acquit
(b) To appeal
(c) Compensation
(d) Eviction
(e) Violation
Answer:
(a) Acquit: He was honorably acquitted of blame by a court martial.
(b) To appeal: Our school made efforts for fund raising for the tsunami appeal.
(c) Compensation: The court granted huge compensation to the young lady after the divorce.
(d) Eviction: Unlawful eviction and harassment is a criminal offence in the United Kingdom.
(e) Violation: Violation of traffic rules can lead to huge losses.
Class 8 Chapter 5 Civics HBSE Question 9.
The following is a poster made by the Right to Food campaign.
Read this poster and list the duties of the government to uphold the Right to Food. How does the phrase “Hungry stomachs, overflowing godowns! We will not accept it!” used in the poster relate to the photo essay on the Right to Food on page 61?
Answer:
The constitution of India grants the citizens the Right to live. Right to live is closely associated with the Right to Food.
The duties of the government to uphold the right to food are:
(a) to provide at least minimum food item to the people either totally free or charging very nominal cost.
(b) to check the hoarding of wheat, rice, sugar.
(c) to check unnecessary inflation in price of food items.
(d) to provide mid-day meals to the poor- children in the school.
‘Hungry stomachs, overflowing godowns’ is not at all acceptable in a civilized society. Instead, the need of the hour is Guru Nanak’s saying; “HINDI” If the hoarding of food is not discouraged, the people with hungry stomachs will attempt to commit crimes.
HBSE 8th Class Civics Judiciary Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Judiciary Class 8th HBSE Question 1.
In what ways can the work of judiciary be divided?
Answer:
(a) Dispute Resolution
(b) Judicial Review
(c) Upholding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary HBSE Question 2.
When was the Supreme Court of India established? .
Answer:
26 January, 1950.
Judiciary Chapter Class 8 HBSE Question 3.
Where is the Supreme Court of India located?
Answer:
New Delhi.
Chapter 5 Judiciary Class 8 HBSE Question 4.
Who presides over the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Chief Justice.
Class 8 Chapter 5 Civics Question Answer HBSE Question 5.
In which three Presidencies were the High Courts first established?
Answer:
(a) Calcutta (now Kolkata)
(b) Bombay (now Mumbai)
(c) Madras (now Chennai).
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the eligibility conditions for appointment as a judge of the High Court?
Answer:
To qualify for appointment as a judge of the High Court, the person:
• must be a citizen of India.
• should have 10 years of experience as an advocate of a High Court or two or more such courts in succession.
Question 2.
What are the functions of High Court?
Answer:
(i) The High Court issues writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
(ii) It passes rules on election petitions and other election-related disputes.
(iii) It hears appeals in both civil and criminal cases against the decisions of the subordinate courts and reviews the judgements.
(iv) It controls and superwises the working of the subordinate courts.
Question 3.
Distinguish between Criminal Law and Civil Law.
Answer:
| Criminal Law | Civil Law |
| 1. Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder. | 1. Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example : dispute relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases. |
| 2. It usually begins with the lodging of an FIR (First Information Report) with the police who investigates the crime after which a case is filed in court. | 2. A petition has to be filed before the relevant court by the affected party only. |
| 3. If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined. | 3. The court gives the specific relief asked for. |
Question 4.
What are the qualifications for the appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
To qualify for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court, the person must:
(a) be a citizen of India.
(b) have experience of at least five years as a judge of a High Court, or at least 10 years as an advocate of a High Court, or be a distinguished jurist in the President’s opinion.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
In India, we have an integrated judicial system. What does it mean?
Answer:
It means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts. This integration can also be understood through the appellate system that exists in India. It means that a person can appeal to a higher court if he believes that the judgement passed by the lower court is not just.
Question 2.
Why was the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) introduced by the Supreme Court?
Answer:
In our courty the courts are available for all. But in reality, access to courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India. Legal procedures involve a lot of money and paper work as well as take-up a lot of time. For a poor person who cannot read and write and whose family depends on a daily wage, the idea to going to court to get justice often seems remote. Therefore, the Supreme Court devised a mechanism of Public Interest Litigation.
Judiciary Class 8 HBSE Notes
- Acquit: This refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which he/ she was tried for by the court.
- Compensation: This refers to the money given to make amends for an injury or a loss.
- Eviction: This refers to the removal of persons from land/homes that they are currently living in.
- Violation: This refers both to the act of breaking a law as well as to the breach or infringement of Fundamental Rights.
- Tenure: The period for which an official remains in his office.
- Civil Cases: Cases relating to property, taxes, contracts etc.
- Criminal Cases: Cases involving violation of penal laws such as murder, theft, assault etc.
- Jurisdiction: It refers to the territorial limits within which the courts authority can be exercised. Area of authority is called jurisdiction.
- Appellate Jurisdiction: It refers to the power of superior courts to hear and decide appeals against judgement of lower courts.
- Original Jurisdiction: Types of cases which come directly before the Supreme Court and it has the sole right to give judgement.
- Court of Record: The Supreme Court and High Courts are called the court of record because all the decisions and proceeding of these courts are kept as records and a similar circumstances are quoted as precedents in the courts.
- Lok Adalat: Lok Adalat means people’s court set-up for speedy and economical justice to the poor and downtrodden and to prevent delay in justice.