Author name: Bhagya

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions

HBSE 7th Class English Three Questions Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension Check

Three Questions 7th Class Question Answer Question 1.
Why did the king want to know answers to three questions?
Answer:
The king wanted to know answers to the three questions so that he would never fail.

Three Questions HBSE 7th Class Question Answer Question 2.
Messengers were sent throughout the kingdom
(i) to fetch wise men.
(ii) to find answers to the questions.
(iii) to look for the wise hermit.
(iv) to announce a reward for those who could answer the questions.
Mark your choice.
Answer:
(ii) to find answers to the questions.

Comprehension Check

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate parts of the sentences given in the box.
1. Many wise men answered the king’s questions,
2. Someone suggested that there should be a council of wise men
3. Someone else suggested that the king should have a timetable
4. The king requested the hermit
5. The lung washed and dressed the bearded man’s wound

• but the bleeding would not stop.
• to answer three questions.
• but their answers were so varied that the king was not satisfied.
• and follow it strictly.
• lo help the king act at the right time.

Answer:
1. but their answers were so varied that the king was not satisfied
2. to help the king act at the right time
3. and follow it strictly
4. to answer three questions
5. but the bleeding would not stop.

Working with The Text

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was the king advised to go the magicians?
Answer:
King was advised to go to magicians so that he could decided the right time for right thing.

Question 2.
In answer to the second question whose advice did the people say would be important to the king?
Answer:
To answer the second question the advice of councillors, doctors and priests would be important.

Question 3.
What suggestions were made in answer to the third question?
Answer:
Different suggestions were made in answer to the third question. The most important thing was suggested to be science, fighting and religious worship.

Question 4.
Did the wise men win the reward? If not, why?
Answer:
No, the wise men did not win the reward. The wise men did not win the award because they gave different answer to his questions.

Question 5.
How did the king and the hermit help the wounded man?
Answer:
The wounded man was bleeding heavily from hisstomach.The king and the hermit removed the man’s clothing. The king washed the wound and re-dressed it till the blood stopped flowing.

Question 6.
(a) Who was the bearded naan?
Answer:
The bearded man was the enemy of the king.

(b) Why did he ask for the king’s forgiveness?
Answer:
He had sworn revenge on the king. But the king had saved the life of the bearded man. So he asked for the king’s forgiveness.

Question 7.
The king forgave the bearded man. What did he do to show his forgiveness?
Answer:
The king forgave the bearded man. He was happy to have made peace with the man. To show his forgiveness, the king promised to send his servants and doctor to look after him. He also promised to return his property.

Question 8.
What were the hermit’s answers to the three questions? Write each answer separately. Which answer do you like most, and why?
Answer:
The hermit was a wise man. He answered all the questions in a witty manner. To the first question hermit replied that the most important time was when the king was digging the bed. A little later the most important time was when the king was taking care of the hermit.

For the second question hermit replied that he should listen to the person he was with at the particular moment. The hermit, replied that the most important work to do was to do good to the person, you are with.
The third answer is the most important answer. If we do the person good then our time would be also right to begin.

HBSE 7th Class English Three Questions Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What thought come to the kings mind?
Answer:
The king thought that he would never fail if he knew about three things.

Question 2.
What did king do to get answers to the questions?
Answer:
The king sent messengers throughout his kingdom and promised a large sum of money to anyone who answered.

Question 3.
How would making of the timetable help the king?
Answer:
The king could follow the timetable strictly and do everything at the right time.

Question 4.
How could urgent matters be decided by the king?
Answer:
The urgent things could not be decided by the council. The king had to go to the magicians to look into future.

Question 5.
Which people would most be needed to answer the second question?
Answer:
The people most needed were councillors, priest, doctors and soldiers.

Question 6.
Why did the king go to hermit?
Answer:
The king went to the hermit for the advice as he had got no satisfactory answers of questions.

Question 7.
Why did the king put on simple clothes?
Answer:
The king put on simple clothes because he went to see the hermit. The hermit saw no one but simple people.

Question 8.
How did the hermit react on meeting the king?
Answer:
Hermit greeted the king but continued digging. He did not speak.

Question 9.
How did king take care of the fearded man?
Answer:
King redressed the wound of the bearded man. The king carried the fearded man to the bed and gave him fresh water.

Question 10.
What was the cause of enmity of the bearded man with the king?
Answer:
The king had put his brothers to death and seized his property.

Question 11.
What plan had bearded man made to kill the king?
Answer:
The bearded man had seen the king go alone to see the hermit. lie had planned to kill the king on his way back home.

Question 12.
What was the most important time according to the hermit?
Answer:
The hermit found that the most important time was when the king was digging the beds.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the three things that the king was curious to know?
Answer:
The king was curious to know three things. He wanted to know the right time to begin something, which people should he listen to and what is most important thing to do.

Question 2.
What were the different suggestions given by the countrymen to the king?
Answer:
The countrymen wanted that he should avoid foolish pleasures, lie should do what seemed necessary. King could take advice of the council of men.

Question 3.
How did the king react to the suggestions of the countrymen?
Answer:
The king was not satisfied with the countrymen’s answers as the answers were very different. He decided to seek the advice of a certain hermit. The hermit was known for wisdom.

Question 4.
Describe the first meeting of the king with the hermit.
Answer:
The king went to meet the hermit in ordinary clothes. The king went to him alone. The hermit greeted the king and continued digging. The hermit listened to the three questions of the king. He did not speak.

Question 5.
How did the king behave with bearded man?
Answer:
The king behaved very gently with the bearded man. The king re-dressed the wound until bleeding stopped. The king carried the wounded man into the hut. The king also promised to send his servants and doctor to look after him.

Question 6.
Why did hermit think that the most important time was when the man ran to them?
Answer:
When the bearded man ran towards them it was the most important time. It was so because if king had not dressed his wounds, the man would have died. Then king would not have been able to make peace.

Question 7.
Who is the most wise person in the story? Justify.
Answer:
Hermit is the most wise person in the story. He was able to satisfy the king with his explanation. The king understood that most important time was ‘now’. It was the time when one had power to act.

Some Other Questions For Examination

Question 1.
Why did the king send messengers throughout his kingdom?
Answer:
The king sent messengers throughout his kingdom to spread the inessage that a large sum of money would be given to the person who would answer the king’s questions.

Question 2.
What do you know about the hermit from the story?
Answer:
The hermit lived in a wood which he never left. lie was a very wise hermit. He was kind and helpful. He helped the injured man in trouble. He satisfied the king with his answers. His answers related to the practical situations in life.

Question 3.
Why is it necessary to look into the future?
Answer:
Certain things are very urgent. They cannot wait for the council’s decision. Therefore, it is necessary to look into the future to decide the right time.

Question 4.
What made the bearded man turn lrom the king’s enemy to his friend?
Answer:
The bearded man had come to’ take revenge from the king and wanted to kill the king. However, the king’s guard had wounded him. He came running towards the hermit’s hut. The king and the hermit washed his wound and helped the injured man to recover from the injury. He was overwhelmed with king’s generosity. So he asked forgiveness from the king and became his friend.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

Tick (✓) the correct option.

Question 1.
Which of the following statements is wrong?
(a) The king wanted answers to four questions.
(b) Many wisemen came to the king.
(c) The king promised a large sum of money to anyone who would answer his questions.
(d) Some suggested that the king should notice all that was going on, avoid foolish pleasures always do whatever seemed neessary at that time.
Answer:
(a) The king wanted answers to four questions. ✓

Question 2.
Which word means-‘a group of people chosen to give advice or to make rules’?
(a) Councillor
(b) Council
(c) Loods
(d) Affairs
Answer:
(b) Council ✓

Question 3.
What does the word ‘affairs’ mean?
(a) things
(b) matters
(c) business
(d) either of these
Answer:
(d) either of these ✓

Question 4.
When the king came near the hermit’s hut,
(a) the hermit was sleeping.
(b) the hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut.
(c) the hermit was meditating.
(d) the hermit was punishing a man.
Answer:
(b) the hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut. ✓

Question 5.
Who said this to whom? “Let me take the spade and work in your place.”
(а) The hermit said this to the king.
(b) The king said this to the hermit.
(c) The bearded man said this to the king.
(d) The councillor said this to the king.
Answer:
(b) The king said this to the hermit. ✓

Make Sentences

Use the following words in sentences of your own.
(i) tired
(ii) decision
(iii) wounded
(iv) important
Answer:
Sentences:
(i) Tired: After day’s hard work, the tired labourer had his simple meal.
(ii) Decision: I took a decision that I will go abroad for further studies.
(iii) Wounded: The doctor healed the wounded man by applying antiseptic cream.
(iv) Important: Management of time and money is most important in every business.

Three Questions Passages for Comprehension

Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Passage – 1

The king ………….. these questions.
Questions:
(i) Name the lesson.
(ii) Why were the messengers sent throughout his kingdom?
(iii) I Tow many questions were to he answered?
(iv) What was promised to be given
Answers:
(i) The name of the lesson is ‘Three Questions’.
(ii) The messengers were sent to find answer to the questions.
(iii) Three questions were to the answered.
(iv) A large sum of money was promised to be given.

Passage – 2

These things ………….. the future.
Questions:
(i) What does ‘these things’ refer to?
(iij Who formed the council?
(iii) How could one look into future?
(iv) Give the antonym of the word future?
Answers:
(i) These things refer to urgent matters.
(ii) The wise men formed the council.
(iii) One could look into the future with help of magicians
(iv) Future – Past.

Passage – 3

As the …………… his wisdom.
Questions:
(i) Why was the king not satisfied?
(ii) Choose a word which means same as ‘gift’.
(iii) What did king decide to do?
(iv) What was the hermit known for?
Answers:
(i) King got very different answers to all the questions.
(ii) Reward.
(Hi) The king decided to seek advice of a hermit.
(iv) Hermit was widely famous for his wisdom.

Passage – 4

As the king ………….. breathed heavily.
Questions:
(i) Why did the king go to the hermit?
(ii) What was the hermit doing?
(iii) Name two characteristics of the hermit.
(iv) Write the opposite of‘continued’.
Answers:
(i) The king went to the hermit to get the answers to his questions.
(ii) The hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut.
(iii) The hermit was old and weak.
(iv) Stopped.

Passage – 5

The king ………………. the ground.
Questions:
(i) Whom did the king see on turning?
(ii) What was the reason of flowing of blood?
(iii) How did the king help the bearded man?
(iv) Choose word which means unconscious.
Answers:
(i) On turning the king saw a bearded man running towards them.
(ii) The bearded man had been attacked by the king’s bodyguards.
(iii) The king dressed the wound of the bearded man.
(iv) Fainted.

Three Questions Translation in Hindi

Before you read:
Aking has ……………………… what he wants?
एक राजा के पास तीन प्रश्न हैं और वह उनके जवाब ढूँढ रहा है। ये प्रश्न क्या हैं? क्या राजा को वह मिलता है जो वह चाहता है?

I

1. The thought …………………….. him todo?
किसी राजा के मन में यह विचार आया कि वह कभी असफल नहीं होगा अगर वह तीन बातें जानता। यह तीन बातें थीं, कुछ भी आरंभ करने का सही समय क्या है? किन लोगों को वह सुन? उसके लिए करने के लिए सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण चीज क्या है?

Word Meaning: Thought-idea = विचार, Certain-anyperson = कोई, Fail-unsuccessful = असफल होना, Begin-to start = आरंभ, Importantsignificant = महत्वपूर्ण।

2. The king………………….these questions.
राजा ने, इसलिए पूरे राज्य में संदेशवाहक इस आश्वासन से भेजे कि जो इन प्रश्नों का जवाब देगा उसे बहुत बड़ी नराशि दी जायेगी।

Word Meaning: Therefore-80 = इसलिए, Throughout-everyplace = हर जगह, Kingdomroyal state = साम्राज्या

3. Many wise………….. ………… differently.
कई बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति राजा के पास आए. पर उन सबने प्रश्नों का उत्तर भिन्न प्रकार से दिया।

Word Meaning: Wise-learned = 16 r. Differently-inadifferent manner = भिन्न प्रकार से।

4. In reply ………………………… something.
पहले प्रश्न के जवाब में कुछ ने कहा कि राजा को समय-सारणी बनाकर दृढ़ता से उसका अनुकरण करना चाहिए। सिर्फ इसी तरह, उन्होंने कहा कि वह हर चीज उचित समय पर कर सकता है। दूसरों ने कहा कि पहले से कुछ करने के उचित | समय का निर्णय करना असंभव था।

Word Meaning:
Reply-answer = 294, Prepare-tomake = बनाना, Time table-table of distribution of work and periods = समय-सारणी, Follow-togo or come after = अनुकरण करना, Strictly-rigid = दृढ़ता से, Impossible-not possible = असंभव. Advance-to supply before hand = पेशगी, अग्रिम

5. The king ……………………… proper time.
राजा को जो सब हो रहा है उस पर ध्यान देना (चाहिए। मूर्खता से भरपूर खुशियों को टालना (चाहिए) और हमेशा वही करना चाहिए जो उस समय पर महत्त्वपूर्ण लगे। फिर भी दूसरों ने कहा कि राजा को बुद्धिमान की एक परिषद की जरूरत है जो काम को सही समय पर करने में सहायक होंगे।

Word Meaning: Notice-to observe = ध्यान देना, Avoid-to escape = टालना, Pleasureshappiness = खुशियाँ, Necessary-important = महत्त्वपूर्ण, Council-advisory = परिषद, WiseVearned = बुद्धिमान।

6. This was ……………………. every action.
यह इसलिए था क्योंकि एक आदमी बिना दूसरों की सहायता के और हर कार्य को सही समय पर करने का निर्णय नहीं ले पाएगा।

Word Meaning: Imposible-not possible = असंभव, Decide-to make a decision = निर्णय लेना, Action-performance = कार्य।

7. But then ……………………… the council.
पर तब दूसरों ने कहा कि कुछ ऐसी बातें थीं जो बहुत जरूरी हो सकती थीं। ये बातें परिषद के फैसले का इंतजार नहीं कर सकती थीं।

Word Meaning: Urgent-very necessary = बहुत जरूरी, Decision-judgment = पेसला. Couneil advisory = परिषद।

8. In order ………………………lo magicians.
सही समय पर कुछ करने का फैसला करने से पहले भविष्य के बारे में सोचना बहुत जरूरी है। और जादूगर ही यह कर सकते हैं। राजा को इसलिए जादूगरों के पास जाना पड़ेगा।

Word Meaning: Decide-to take u decision = फैसला लेना। Future-time to come = भविष्य काल, Magicians-Wizard = जादूगर, Therefore-80 = इसलिए।

9. In their ………………….. most necessary.
उसके (राजा के) दूसरे प्रश्न के जवाब में कुछ ने कहा कि राजा के लिए सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण लोग उसके सलाहकार हैं। दूसरों ने कहा, पुजारी। कुछ ने डाक्टर का चयन किया। और फिर दूसरों ने कहा कि सिपाही सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं।

Word Meaning: Councillors-members of the council = सलाहकार, Priest-man performing holy rites = पुजारी, Soldiers-Warriors = सिपाही।

10. To the ………………. religious worship.
तीसरे प्रश्न के जवाब में कुछ ने कहा विज्ञान। दूसरों ने युद्ध का चयन किया, और तथापि दूसरों ने धार्मिक पूजा (का चयन किया)।

Word Meaning: Fightiny-lo set to fight = युद्ध करना. Yel-Still = तथापि, Religious-relating to religion = धार्मिक, Worship-topray = पूजा।

11.As the…………………………. his wisdom.
जैसा कि सारे प्रश्नों के उत्तर बहुत भिन्न थे. इसलिए राजा संतुष्ट न हुआ और उसने काई इनाम नहीं दिया। बदले में उसन किसी तपस्वी की सलाह मांगन की साची जा अपनी बुद्धिमत्ता के लिए प्रसिद्ध था।

Word Meaning: Different-not same = अलग, Satisfied-content = संतुष्ट, Reward-Tetribution = पारितोषिक, Instead-in place of = बदले में, Seek-to ask for = माँगना, llermit-a recluse = तपस्वी. Famous-twell-known = प्रसिद्ध, Wisdom-knowledge = बुद्धिमानी।

12. The hermit…………………….. on alone.
तपस्वी एक जंगल में रहता था जिसे उसने कभी नहीं छोड़ा था। वह सिर्फ साधारण लोगों के अलावा किसी को नहीं देखता था इसलिए राजा ने साधारण कपड़े पहन लिए। तपस्वी की कुटिया में पहुँचने से पहले राजा अपना घोड़ा अपने अंगरक्षक के पास छोड़कर अकेला चला गया।

Word Meaning: Wood-forest = जंगल, Simple-ordinary = साधारण, Hut-cottage= कुटिया, Bodyguard-one who were king’s soldiers = अंगरक्षक।

13.As the ………………… breathed heavily.
जैसे ही राजा तपस्वी की कुटिया के पास आया, उसने तपस्वी को कुटिया के बाहर भूमि को खोदतं पाया। उसने राजा का अभिवादन किया और लगातार खोदता रहा। तपस्वी बूढ़ा और कमजोर था। और काम करते समय वह मुश्किल से सांस ले पा रहा था।

Word Meaning: Digging-lo hollow out by digging = खोदाई. Ground the surface of land = भूमि, Greeted to compliment = अभिवादन करना, Continued-not stop = लगातार, Breathed heavily-to breathe with difficulty = मुश्किल से सांस लेना।

14. The king …………….. most important?
राजा तपस्वी के पास गया और कहा, “बुद्धिमान तपस्वी में तुम्हारे पास तीन प्रश्नों के जवाब पूछने आया हूँ: मैं सही समय पर सही चीज करना कैसे सीख सकता हूँ? वह कौन से लोग हैं जिनकी मुझे बहुत जरूरत है? और कौन से कार्य सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं?”

Word Meaning: Affairs-twork = कार्य।

15. The hermit ………………… your place.”
तपस्वी ने राजा की बात को ध्यान से सुना पर कुछ भी नहीं बोला. वह खोदता रहा। “तुम थक गए हो”. राजा ने कहा। “मुझे तुम्हारा फावड़ा लेकर तुम्हारी जगह पर काम करने दो”।

Word Meaning: Listened-to hear with attention = ध्यान से सुनना, Tired- wearry = थका हुआ, Spade-a shovel= फावड़ा।

16. “Thanks,” said …………….. the ground.
“धन्यवाद”, तपस्वी ने राजा को फावड़ा देते हुए कहा। फिर वह भूमि पर बैठ गया।

17. When the …….. ……… me work.”
जब राजा ने दो क्यारियाँ खोद ली तो उसने रुककर अपने प्रश्न दुहराए। तपस्वी ने कोई जवाब नहीं दिया, पर खड़े होकर अपना हाथ फावड़े के लिए फैलाते हुए कहा, अब “तुम आराम करो और मुझे काम करने दो।”

Word Meaning: Dug-to hollow out by digging = खोदना, Bed-aplot of ground for plants = पौधों की क्यारी, Repeated-to say again – दुहराना, Stretching-to extenil = फैलाते हुए।

18. But the ……. to dig.
पर राजा ने उसे फावड़ा नहीं दिया और खोदता रहा।

19.One hour ……………….. returm home.”
एक घंटा व्यतीत हुआ, और फिर दूसरा। सूर्य पेड़ों के पीछे छिप गया, और आखिर में राजा नं फावड़े को भूमि में रखा (पटका) और कहा, “बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति मैं तुम्हारे पास अपने प्रश्नों के जवाब के लिए आया हूँ। अगर तुम मुझे कोई उत्तर नहीं दे सकते, तो मुझे बता दो और मैं वापिस चला जाऊँगा।”

Word Meaning: Stuck-to fasten = खाँसना, Sun went down-setting of sun = सूर्यास्त हो गया।

20. “Here comes ……………….. the hermit.
“यहाँ पर कोई दौड़ता आ रहा है।”, तपस्वी ने कहा।

II

21.The king ……………………. his stomach.
राजा मुड़ा और उसने एक ढाढ़ी वाले व्यक्ति को उनकी तरफ दौड़ते हुए आते देखा। उसने अपने पेट को हाथों से दबाया हुआ था जिसमें से खून बह रहा था। जब वह राजा के पास पहुँचा तो वह बेहोश होकर भूमि पर गिर गया। राजा और तपस्वी ने उस व्यक्ति के कपड़े उतारे और उसके पेट में बहुत बड़ा जख्म पाया।

Word Meaning: Turned round-to turn on one side = पीछे मुड़कर देखना, Bearded-hair on face = दाढ़ीवाला, Towards-in their direction = उनकी तरफ, Blood was flowing-oozing out of blood – खून का बहना, fainted-unconscious = मूर्छित, बेहोश Wound-sore = जख्म।

22. The king …………………………… to him.
राजा ने जख्म को धोकर अपने रूमाल से ढक दिया। खून बहना रुक नहीं रहा था। राजा ने फिर दुबारा से जख्म की मरहम-पट्टी की जब तक कि खून बहना बंद नहीं हुआ। (अब) उस व्यक्ति ने राहत महसूस की और कुछ पीने को माँगा। राजा ने ताजा पानी लाकर उसे दिया।.

Word Meaning: Handkerchief-a small piece of cloth = रूमाल, Flowing-torun as = बहाव, Re-dressed to again re-dress the twound = दुबारा से मरहम-पट्टी करना। Fresh-new = ताजा।

23. By this ………… lay quiet. इस समय तक सूरज अस्त हो गया और हवा शीतल थी। राजा तपस्वी की सहायता से जख्मी व्यक्ति को कुटिया में ले गया और उसे पलंग पर लिटाया। वह
व्यक्ति आँखें बंद करके चुपचाप लेट गया।

Word Meaning: Cool-moderately cold = शीतल, Wounded-one who had been hurt badly = जख्मी, Laid him-put down = लिटाना, Quietsilently = चुपचापा

24. The king……………………… was awake.
राजा चलने और काम करने से थक गया था। वह फर्श पर __ लेट गया और पूरी रात सोया रहा। जागने के कुछ मिनट के बाद
उसे याद आया कि वह कहाँ था और पलंग पर लेटा हुआ दाढ़ीवाला – अजीब व्यक्ति कौन था। “मुझे माफ कर दो!” दाढ़ीवाले व्यक्ति ‘ने दबी आवाज में कहा, जब उसने देखा कि राजा जाग चुका था।

Word Meaning: Tired overworked = थका हुआ, Awoke-towake up = जागना. Remembertry to bring to memory = याद करना, Strangeindifferent = अजीब। Forgive me-to ask for excuse = माफी मांगना, Weak-Peeble = दबी हुई. Awake-toget up from sleep = जागना।

25. “Ido ……………………. the king.
“मैं तुम्हें नहीं जानता और तुम्हें किसलिए माफ करूं”, राजा ने कहा।

26. “You do.. ………… way home.
“तुम मुझे नहीं जानते, पर मैं तुम्हें जानता हूँ। मैं तुम्हारा वह दुश्मन हूँ जिसने तुम से बदला लेने की कसम खाई थी क्योंकि तुमने मेरे भाई को मौत के घाट उतारा था और मेरी संपत्ति हथिया
ली थी। मुझे मालूम था कि तुम उस तपस्वी से अकेले मिलने गए थे और मैंने रास्ते में तुम्हें घर जाते हुए मारने का निश्चय कर लिया था।

Word Meaning: Enemy-hostile = शशु. Swore-to take a vow = 14. Revenge-to retaliate = बदला लेना, Seized to take away forcefully = छीन लेना. Property-ownership = संपत्ति जायदाद।

27. But the …………………….. my wounds.
पर दिन गुजर गया और तुम वापिस नहीं आए। इसलिए मैंने अपना छुपने का स्थान छोड़ा और तुम्हारे अंगरक्षक से टकरा गया, उसने मुझे पहचान लिया और मुझे जख्मी कर दिया। मैं वहाँ से भाग गया पर अगर तुम मेरे जख्मों की पट्टी नहीं करते तो मैं मर जाता।

Word Meaning: Hiding-place-a place where you can hide = छिपने का स्थान, Recognisedto identify = पहचानना, Escaped-toget free = भाग जाना, Dressed my wounds-to take care of one’s wounds = मरहम-पट्टी करना।

28. I wished ……………………. Forgive me!”
मुझे तुम्हें मारने की इच्छा थी और तुमने मेरी जिन्दगी बचाई है। अब अगर मैं जीवित रहूँगा तो मैं तुम्हारा आज्ञाकारी नौकर बन कर सेवा करूंगा और अपने बेटों को भी ऐसा करने को कहूँगा। मुझे माफ कर दो।”

Word Meaning: Wished–an eager desire = इच्छा, Faith-honest = आज्ञाकारी, Forgive meask for excuse = माफी माँगना।

29. The king …………………… his questions.
राजा बहुत खुश हुआ कि उसने अपने दुश्मन के साथ इतनी जल्दी शांति कायम कर ली और उसे दोस्त की तरह जीत लिया था। उसने न तो केवल उसे माफ किया अपितु कहा कि वह अपने नौकरों और डाक्टर को उसकी देखरेख के लिए भेज देगा और उसने उस व्यक्ति को उसकी जायदाद वापस करने का वचन दिया। जख्मी व्यक्ति को छोड़कर राजा झोपड़ी से बाहर निकला और तपस्वी को चारों तरफ ढूँढने लगा। जाने से पहले उसने अपने प्रश्नों के उत्तर जानने की इच्छा प्रकट की।

Word Meaning: Peace-cordial relations = शांति, Forgave-to excuse= माफ करना। Wished-to hope for = इच्छा ।

30. The hermit………………… wise man.
तपस्वी अपने घुटनों के सहारे क्यारी में बीज बो रहा था जो कि एक दिन पहले खोदी गई थी। राजा ने तपस्वी के पास जाकर कहा, “आखिरी बार मैं तुम्हें अपने प्रश्नों के जवाब के लिए विनती करता हूँ”. बुद्धिमान पुरूष।

Word Meaning: On his knees-in a bent position = घुटने झुकाकर, Sowing seeds-to put seeds for growth = बीज बोना।

31. “You have……………………. before him. “How have I been answered? What do you mean?”
“तुम्हें पहले ही जवाब मिल चुका है।” तपस्वी ने धरती पर झुकी अवस्था में कहा और राजा जो उसके सामने खड़ा था उसकी तरफ देखा।
“मुझे कैसे जवाब मिल गया? तुम्हारा क्या आशय है?”

Word Meaning: Bending-In a bent position = झुका हुआ, Looking up-to look straight = सीधे देखना।

32. “Do you………………………….. with me.
“क्या तुम नहीं देख रहे? तपस्वी ने जवाब दिया। “अगर कल ‘तुम मेरी दुर्बलता पर तरस नहीं खौते और उन क्यारियों को नहीं खोदते तो तुम वहाँ से चले जाते। तब वह व्यक्ति तुम पर आक्रमण कर देता। और तुम इस बात की कामना करते कि तुम मेरे साथ होते।

Word Meaning: Pitied-feeling of compassion = करुणा, दयालुता Weaknessfeebleness = दुर्बलता, Attacked-to assail = आक्रमण करना, Wished-desire = इच्छा।

33. So the ……………. important business.
इसलिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण समय वह था जब तुम क्यारी खोद रहे थे। और मैं सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति था, और मेरे साथ अच्छा करना तुम्हारा सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य था।

Word Meaning: Business-Job = कार्य।

34. Afterwards ……… important business.
बाद में जब वह व्यक्ति हमारी तरफ दौड़ा. सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय वह था जब तुम उसकी देख रेख कर रहे थे। अगर तुम उसके जख्मों की मरहम-पट्टी न करते तो वह तुम्हारे साथ शान्ति का समझौता किए बिना मर जाता। इसलिए वह सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति था और जो तुमने उसके लिए किया वह सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य था।

Word Meaning: Afterwards-later = बाद में, Caring-show concern= देख-रेख, Peacesettlement= समझौता।

35. Remember then ………………….. to act.
याद रखो कि सिर्फ एक ही समय है जिसका महत्त्व है और वह है ‘अब’। यह सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय है क्योंकि यह वह समय है जिस पर हमारे पास अमल करने की शक्ति है।

Word Meaning: Remember….keeping in mind = याद रखना. Power to act-will power to put the work to action = कुछ करने की शक्ति ।

36. The most ………………. purpose alone.”
सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण वह व्यक्ति है जिसके साथ तुम इस पल हो, क्योंकि कोई नहीं जानता कि भविष्य में क्या होगा और हम किससे मिल पाएँगे। सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य उस व्यक्ति के साथ अच्छा करना है क्योंकि हमे इस दुनिया में सिर्फ इसी उद्देश्य से भेजा गया है।”

Word Meaning: Particular-special = विशेष, Future-time to come = भविष्य में Whether-if = अगर, Purpose-reason = उद्देश्य।

Three Questions Summary in English

I
Once there was a king who thought that he would never fail if he knew three things. These three things were what is the right time to begin something? Which people should he listen to? What is the most important thing for him to do? The king sent messengers throughout his kingdom but could not get answers. Many different suggestions were given in reply to the first question. The king was suggested to make a timetable. Others said that there were some urgent things which could only be decided by the magicians. To the second question, it was s uggested that the king needed priests, doctors and soldiers. In reply to third question, some suggested science, lighting and religious worship.

The king found the answers very different so he decided to go to a hermit. The hermit was digging the ground. The king put all the three questions before the hermit. The hermit listened silently. The king took the spade from the hermit to dig.

II
At the close of the day, the king saw a bearded man with his hand pressed against his stomach running towards them. The king and hermit redressed his wound. They both carried the bearded man into the hut. On waking up the bearded man asked for king’s forgiveness. He confessed the truth and told the king that he had wished to kill him. The king was happy to have made peace with his enemy.

The king again went to the hermit to find answers to the questions. The hermit made him understand the answers. The most important time (yesterday) was when he (king) was digging the beds. He (hermit) was the most important man. After that most important time was when he (king) was caring for him (bearded man). So ‘now’ is the most important time and most important person is you are with at particular moment. To do the person good is the most important business.

Three Questions Summary in Hindi

I
किसी समय एक राजा था जो सोचता था कि वह कभी असफल नहीं होगा यदि वह तीन बातें जानता। यह तीन चीजें इस प्रकार थीं- कुछ भी आरंभ करने का सही समय क्या था? वह किन लोगों को सुने? उसके लिए सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण चीज करने को क्या थी? राजा ने सारे राज्य में सन्देशवाहक भेजे पर जवाब नहीं मिले। पहले प्रश्न के जवाब में कई अलग-अलग सुझाव दिए गए। राजा को समय-सारणी बनाने का सुझाव दिया गया। दूसरों ने कहा कि कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण चीजें थी जिनका निर्णय सिर्फ जादूगर कर सकते थे। दूसरे प्रश्न के जवाब में सुझाव दिया गया कि राजा को पुजारी, डॉक्टर और सिपाहियों की जरूरत थी। तीसरे प्रश्न के जवाब में कुछ ने सुझाव दिया कि विज्ञान, युद्ध और धार्मिक पूजा। राजा को उत्तर बहुत भिन्न लगे। इसलिए उसने एक तपस्वी के पास जाने की सोची। तपस्वी भूमि खोद रहा था। राजा ने तपस्वी के समक्ष तीनों प्रश्न रखे। तपस्वी चुपचाप सुनने लगा। राजा ने तपस्वी से फावड़ा लेकर खोदना शुरू कर दिया।

II
दिन के आखिरी पहर में राजा ने दाढ़ीवाले व्यक्ति को अपनी तरफ दौड़ते देखा। उसने अपने पेट को हाथ से दबाया हुआ था। राजा और तपस्वी ने उसके जख्म की मरहम पट्टी की। उसको दोनों कुटिया में ले गए। उठने पर दाढ़ी वाले व्यक्ति ने राजा से माफी माँगी। उसने सच्चाई कबूल की और राजा के समक्ष उन्हें मारने की इच्छा प्रकट की। राजा अपने दुश्मन के साथ शांति कायम करने पर बहुत प्रसन्न हुआ। राजा तपस्वी के पास पुनः प्रश्नों के उत्तर पूछने गया। तपस्वी ने उसे जवाब समझाए। सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय कल वह था जब वह (राजा) भूमि खोद रहा था। वह (तपस्वी) सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति था तथा उसके बाद सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय वह था जब वह (राजा) उसकी (व्यक्ति) देख-भाल कर रहा था। ‘अब’ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण समय है। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति वह है जो इस समय तुम्हारे साथ है। सबके के साथ अच्छा व्यवहार करना सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य है।

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire

HBSE 7th Class History The Mughal Empire Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Questions And Answers HBSE History Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

The Mughal Empire Question Answer HBSE 7th Class History Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother, was …………………. .
(b) The five Deccan Sultanate were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmednagar ……………. and ……….. .
(c) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sewar indicated his ………….. .
(d) Abul Fazal, Akbar’s friend and counseller, helped him frame the idea of ……………. so that he could govern a society composed for many religions, çultures and castes.
Answer:
(a) Kabul
(b) Bijapur, Golconda
(c) Number of horses maintained
(d) Administration.

Important Questions Of The Mughal Empire HBSE 7th Class History Question 3.
What were the central provinces under the control of Mughals?
Answer:
Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh were the central provinces under the control of Mughals.

HBSE 7th Class The Mughal Empire History Question 4.
What was the relationship between the mansabdar and the Jagir?
Answer:
• Mansabdars were the persons who joined the Mughal service.
• Jagirs were the salaries received by the mansabdar as revenue assignments.
• Mansabdars depended on jagirs for their livelihood.
• Mansabdar died not actually reside in or administer their jagir. They had only right to the revenue of their assignments which were collected by the servants while they serve in other part of the country.

LETS UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
What was the role of Zamindars in Mughal administration?
Answer:

• Zamindars were all intermediaries whether they were local headmen of villages or a powerful chieftains.
• They collected taxes from peasants and deposited them with the treasury.
• Sometimes, they revolted against Mughal authority. Their revolts changed the stability of the Mughal empire from the end of the 17th century.

Question 6.
How were the debates with the religious scholars iiiiportant in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on government?
Answer:
The debates with the religious scholars were important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on government:

• Their teachings created divisions and disharmony amongst the subjects.
• Akbar followed the idea of Sulh-i-Kul (Universal peace and tranquility).
• This idea did not discriminate between people of various castes and focused on a system of ethics such as peace, justice and honesty.
• Abul Fazal helped him in forming a vision governance around the idea of Sulh-i-Kul.

Question 7.
Why did the Mughal underline their Timurid and not their Mughal descent?
Answer:
Mughal underlined their Timurid and not their Mughal descent because:
(а) They were proud of their Timurid ancestry who had captured Delhi in 1398.
(b) They celebrated their genealogy pictorially each ruler getting a picture mode of Timur and himself.
(c) Genghis knows memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. So Mughals did not like to be called Mughal.

LETS DISCUSS

Question 8.
How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
The income from land revenue was important to the stability of the Mughal Empire because:
(a) The land revenue system before Akbar was lawful.
(b) The land revenue was important because with this the king could pay the salary of his soldiers, do welfare work.
(c) The land revenue was important to meet the administrative expenses.

Question 9.
Why was it important for Mughal to reAjmit Mansabdars from diverse bac/kgf^und and not just Turains and Iranis?
Answer:
It -was important for Mughal to recruit Mansabdars from diverse background and not just ,Turanis and Iranis because:
(i) Mughal empire expanded to encompass different regions. It was- important for the Mughals to recruit diverse bodies of people in order to make people comfortable with them.
(ii) They included Indian, Muslims, Afghans, Rajputs, Marathas and other groups.

Question 10.
Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?
Answer:
No the cultural and social diversity of India today does not pose a challenge to national integration because today we have a democratic, republic government appointed by the common people of the land through elections.

Question 11.
Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?
Answer:
Yes, they are also important for today’s economy.
Yes, the gap in the income between the rich and poor in India changed a great deal from the period of great Mughals.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find out if it had any impact in the city/ village region in which you live.
Answer:
The impact of the message ‘Sulh- i-kul’ (universal peace), we can still find in the cities/village/region arounds.

Question 13.
Do you think this painting suggests that the Mughals claimed kingship as a birthright?
Answer:
As this painting portraits the hierarchy of the Mughal emperors right from Timur to Aurangzeb, it depicts that the Mughals claimed kingship as a birthright.

Question 14.
(i) How was Humanyun’s relationship with Safavid Iran different from Akbar’s?
Answer:
(a) Humayun took refuge in the court of Safavid Iran when he was dogged out of the subcontinent by Sher Shah Suri. Therefore, he had friendly relations with Iran.
(b) On the other hand, Akbar seized Qandahar from Safavid Iranian rulers. Therfore, he was at war with them.

(ii) Did the annexation of Golconda and Bijapur in Aurangzeb’s reign end hostilities in the Deccan?
Answer:
No, in the spite of the annexation of Golconda and Bijapur, Aurangzeb faced unending disturbance in Deccan as Marathas started guerrilla warfare against him. Ultimately, he had to personally manage campaigns in Deccan from 1698 onwards.

Question 15.
Which do you think is a fairer division of inheritance: primogeniture or coparcenary?
Answer:
According to me, coparcenary is the fairer division of inheritance as it is based on the principle of equality.

Question 16.
(i) What was the consequence of this insult (of Shivaji by Aurangzeb)?
Answer:
When Aurangzeb insulted Shivaji, when later came to accept Mughal authority, Shivaji escaped from prison and began great guerrilla warfare in Deccan against Mughals.

(ii) Would this have meant more expenditure for the state?
Answer:
Yes, the increase in number of mansabdar with higher zat rankings would have led to more expenditure for the State.

Question 17.
Can you identify the Jesuit priests in this picture?
Answer:
Two persons sitting on the upper left side in the picture wearing black robes are the Jesuit priests.

HBSE 7th Class History The Mughal Empire Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who were Mughals?
Answer:
Mughals were the inhabitants of Central Asia and descendants of Mongols of Mongolia.

Question 2.
Why did Akbar choose Fatehpur Sikri to be his capital?
Answer:
Akbar chose Fatehpur Sikri to be his capital because this was where the Sufi Saint Salim Chishti lived and he had great respect for him.

Question 3.
Who offered to help Babur against the Lodhis?
Answer:
Rajput Prince Rana Sanga of Mewar offered to help Babur against Lodhis.

Question 4.
When and where Babar – defeated Lodhis army?
Answer:
Babar defeated the Lodhis army in 1526 on the historic battle of Panipat.

Question 5.
What were the two early problems faced by Humayun?
Answer:
(i) His own brother were hostile to him.
(ii) He faced the rebellions in Malwa and; Gujarat in the very beginning.

Question 6.
Why Shahjahan’s period is known as Golden Age?
Answer:
Shahjahan’s period is often known, as Golden Age because of the buildings and the architectural activities.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two instances of the Mughal marriages with the Rajputs.
Answer:
(a) The mother of Jahangir was a Kachhwaha princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler, of Amber (Modern day Jaipur).
(b) The mother of Shahjahan was a Rathore princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur).

Question 2.
How could Mughals extend their influence over many kings and chieftains? Was this possible all the time?
Answer:
Mughals could extend their influence over many kings and chieftains by keeping a careful balance between defeating but not humiliating their opponents.

Question 3.
What were the main features of Sulh-i-kul?
Answer:
(a) The idea of Sulh-i-kul was introduced by Akbar, the Great.
(b) Sulh-i-kul meant universal peace.
(c) Sulh-i-kul was based on the idea of tolerance which did not differentiate between the people of different religions in Akbar’s realm.
(d) This system focused on a system of ethics, justice which were universally applicable.

Question 4.
What did Akbar realise when he had discussion with people of different faiths?
Answer:
On his discussion, with different faiths, Akbar realised that religious scholars: who emphasised ritual and dogma were often bigots. Their teachings created divisions and disharmony amongst his subjects.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Akbar’s revenue minister? Comment on the revenue system introduced by him.
Answer:
Akbar’s revenue rriinister was Todar Mai. The main feajAibesof the revenue system introduced by him were as follows:
(a) Todar Mai carried out a careful survey
(b) Tax was fixed on each crop in cash.
(c) Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue; rates for individual crops.
(d) This revenue system was known as zabt.
(e) This system was prevalent in those areas where Mughal administrators could survey the land and keep careful accounts.
(f) This system was not possible in provinces such as Gujarat and Bengal.

Question 2.
Write about the main administrative policies of Akbar.
Answer:
The third-volume of Akbarnama Ain-i-Akbari contains a detailed account of Akbar’s administration. The main features were:
(a) The empire was divided into provinces called subas: governed by a subedar
who carried out both political and military functions.
(b) Each province also had a financial officer or diwan.
(c) The subedar was supported by other officers such as the military paymaster, the minister in change of religious and charitable patronage, military commander and the town police commander.
(d) Akbar gave utmost importance to the idea of tolerance.
Ce) After his discussion with people like Ulama, Brahmanas and priests etc., he decided to introduce idea of Sulh-i-kul, universal peace.

MAP TIME

On the given river map, mark the following areas of military campaigns under Akbar and Aurangzed.
(i) Malwa (1561)
(ii) Gujarat (1572)
(iii) Bengal (1574)
(iv) Bijapur (1685)
Answer:

The Mughal Empire Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Genealogy: History of generations of one’s family in sequence.
• Confederacy: A group of state (or a union of state) for mutual support.,
• Regent: A person appointed to govern on the behalf of the samrat (king).
• Jazia: A tax paid by the non-Muslims.
• Zabt: Each province during Mughals was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops. This revenue system was called as Zabt.
• Suba: The empire was divided into provinces. These provinces were called subas.
• Subedar: Subedar was the person who carried both political and military functions.
• Diwan: The financial officer of a suba was called as Diwan.
• Sulh-i-kul: Literally Sulh-i-Kul means universal peace. It is the idea of tolerance where there is no discrimination between people of different religions in the realm of Akbar.
• Primogeniture: It is a rule of inheritance in which the eldest son is the heir to the throne of his emperor father.
• Bigot: Bigot is an individual who is intolerant of another person’s religious belief or
• Dogma: It is a statement or an interpretation declared as authoritative with the expectation that it would be followed without question.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

HBSE 7th Class History The Delhi Sultans Years Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Questions And Answers HBSE History Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer:
Tomara Rajputs established his capital at Delhi.

The Delhi Sultans Question Answer HBSE 7th Class History Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer:
The language of administration under the Delhi Sultans was Persian.

Important Questions Of Delhi Sultanate HBSE 7th Class History Question 3.
In whose reign did the sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer:
Under the reign of Ala-ud-din-Khilji, the sultanate reached its farthest extent.

HBSE 7th Class The Delhi Sultans History Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Batuta travel to India?
Answer:
Ibn Batuta travelled to India from Morocco (Africa).

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
According to the ‘Circle of Justice’ why was it important for military commander to keep the interest of peasantry in mind?
Answer:
According to the Circle of Justice it was important for military commander to keep the interest of peasantry in mind, because each commander got the salary from the Iqta he got. They could not collect more revenue than the fixed by the govt. Accountant were appointed by the state to check the amount of revenue collected by them (rhuqtis).

Question 6.
What is meant by the ‘Internal’ and external frontier of the Sultanate?
Answer:
Internal Frontier of the Sultanate: By this term we mean that the Sultanate aimed at consolidating the hinterland of the garrison town.
External Frontier of the Sultanate: It aims at the military expeditions of the Sultanate in Southern India started during the reign of Ala-ud-din Khilji and culminated with Muhammad Tughlaq.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders to sultans?
Answer:
Following steps were taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties:
1. They were not awarded Iqta for throughout their life.
2. They were appointed for a very short tenure.
3. They were transferred from one Iqta to another Iqta.

They wanted to defy the order, because there were number of restrictions on them. At any time they could be transfer. Moreover accountants were appointed by the state to check the amount collected by him. Care was also taken that muqtis collected only the taxes prescribed by the state.

Question 8.
What was the impact of Mongols invasion on Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The Mongols under the Genghis Khan invaded Transwiana in north-east Iran in 1219 and then on Delhi. Mongols attacks increased on Delhi during the reign of Ala- ud-din Khilji.
Impact:
1. Jt paved the way for the disintegration of Delhi Sultanate.
2. It forced the two rulers (Ala-ud-din Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq) to mobilise a large standing army in Delhi which passed a huge administrative challenge.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women? I do not think.
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh provided information about the lives of ordinary men and women. They often wrote their histories for Sultans in the hope of rich awards. He mainly lived in Delhi and hardly ever visited a village.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer:
Yes, today women leaders are accepted more readily today. For example, Indira Gandhi became a successful and lover Prime Minister of India.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reason?
Answer:
The Sultans of Delhi wanted to extend cultivation so that they could collect more land revenue. Hence, they ordered the cutting of forests. Today, forests are cut for the extension of agriculture and establishment of industrial units.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings and draw sketches of them.
Answer:
Try yourself with the help of your class-teacher.

Question 13.
Do you think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects?
Answer:
Yes, I think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects.

Question 14.
Express Minhaj’s ideas in your own words. Do you think Raziyya shared these ideas? Why do you think it was so difficult for a woman to be a ruler?
Answer:
1. According to Minhaj, God has created a social order in which woman is subordinate to man. Therefore, a woman like Raziyya does not have right to rule. It is totally against the ideal social order created by God.
2. I think Raziyya did not share these ideas.
3. It was very difficult for a woman to be a ruler because of her belonging to a subordinate gender, according to the social set up at that time.

Question 15.
But how complete and effective was its control over such a vast territory?
Answer:
Thp Sultanate did not have complete and much effective control over such a vast territory, except under the rule of Alauddin Khalji.

Question 16.
(i) Compare figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. What similarities and differences do you notice amongst the mosques?
Answer:
Similarities:
(a) Every mosque has a big entrance door
(b) Every mosque’s entrance door is extended to both sides in the corridors
(c) Domes are made over the entrance and corridor.

Differences:
(a) The designs around the entrance door become complex and intricate from fig. 2 to fig. 5.
(b) The small window over the entrance door can be seen only in three mosques in figs. 3, 4, 5. But fig. 3 show three such windows. Whereas figs. 4 and 5 shows only single window over the entrance
(c) There is a boundary around the dome over the entrance door in fig. 5. This is not seen in any other figure.

Question 17.
(i) Can you think of any reason why a slave would be better than a son?
Answer:
A well brought up slave always serves better than the son in the old days of master.

(ii) Why do you think Barani criticised the Sultan?
Answer:
The Sultan Muhammad Tughluq appointed lower-caste or base-born people to the higher administrative post by ignoring the nobles. That is why, Barani criticised Sultan.

Question 18.
Describe the ways in which the chieftains arranged for their, defence.
Answer:
(a) The chieftains fortified themselves in mountains, in rocky, uneven and rugged places as well as in bamboo groves.
(b) The bamboo grove forest served as ramparts, inside which people lived with their cattle and their crops
(c) Also rain water was collected to fulfil water needs
(d) The bamboo remained unaffected by fire and was very hard to cut. This made it a suitable and most defensive place to live in.

IMAGINE

Question 19.
You are a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s or Muhammad Tughluq’s reign and you cannot pay the taxes demanded by the Sultan. What will you do?
Answer:
(a) If I were a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s reign. I would try to save my life because I might have captured by Sultan’s men and would be severely punished.
(b) If I were a peasant in Muhammad Tughluq’s reign I would join the rebel against the sultan.

HBSE 7th Class History The Delhi Sultans Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who lived in Delhi before Delhi Sulans occupied it?
Answer:
Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city of Delhi before Delhi Sultans occupied it.

Question 2.
Name the coin that was in circulation in Delhi.
Answer:
Dehliwal was the name of coin that was in the circulation in Delhi.

Question 3.
Name the cities built by Delhi Sultans in Delhi.
Answer:
Delhi-i-Kuhna, Siri and Jahanpanah were the names of various cities built by Delhi Sultans in Delhi.

Question 4.
What is the main source of information about Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The main source of information about Delhi Sultanate in “histories” tarikh (singular) or tawarikh (plural) written in Persian.

Question 5.
Who wrote tawarikh?
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh were learned men: Secretaries, administrators, poets and courtiers.

Question 6.
Why did Iltutmish favour bandagan?
Answer:
Bandagan were special slaves purchased for military service. Hence, Iltutmish favoured them.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by the following terms: namaz, imam, khutba, qibla?
Answer:
namaz: prayers; imam: leader of muslims at the time of prayer; khutba: sermon delivered by imam during the Friday prayer; qibla: facing towards Mecca while praying.

Question 2.
What was iqta?
Answer:
Iqta was the land governed by military commanders, as it was granted to them by Sultans in the place of cash salary for their services.

Question 3.
Which regional states came up at about. 1526 AD in Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
At about 1526 AD, Delhi Sultanate had declined. The regional states that rose to the power in thq subcontinent were Jaunpur, Bengal, Malwa, Gujarat’ Rajasthan, etc.

Question 4.
Why did the early Delhi Sultans favoured their special slaves purchased for military service?
Answer:
The early Delhi Sultans favoured their special slaves purchased for military service because:
1. They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom.
2. They were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them.

Question 5.
How was the control over muqtis maintained during the reigns of Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq?
Answer:
The control over muqtis was maintained because:
(a) Their office was not inheritable.
(b) They were assigned iqtas for a short period of time before being shifted.

Question 6.
What were the three types of taxes collected under Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The three types of taxes collected
under Delhi Sultanate were as follows:
(а) On cultivation called Kharaj and amounting to about 50 percent of the peasant’s produce.
(b) On cattle
(c) On houses.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did Ala-ud-din Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq deal differently with administrative challenges posed by Mangol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:

Question 2.
Ala-ud-din wanted to became second Alexander and conquer the world. What steps did he take to achieve his aim? How far did he succeed?
Answer:
Khiljis established their empire in 1290 A.D. on the ruins of the kingdom of the Slave Sultans. Jalal-ud-din-Khilji was the first king of this dynasty He was succeeded by Ala-ud-din-Khilji in 1296 A.D. He was very ambitious. He wanted to become a second Alexander and like him to conquer the world.

Steps taken to achieve the aims:
1. Ala-ud-din tried to win loyalty of his nobles and curb their power.
2. He tried to conquer the Deccan and Rajasthan.
3. He tried to force the Mongols to withdraw.

In order to achieve his aim he needed a large army which meant, vast sum of money so, he had to think ways and means of getting more revenue for which he took the following steps:
(1) He raised the lamp taxes on the wealthier people of the tioab.
(2) He kept a strict watch on the revenue which the nobles got from their land and did not allow them to keep anything which was not their due.
(3) He controlled the prices of goods also so that no one could make large profits and everyone could afford to pay the price demanded.
(4) He made it clear that he would deal severely with anyone who showed signs of disloyalty.
(5) He ordered a new assessment of the cultivated land and the revenue. By doing so he was able to record the amount of revenue collected by various persons and thus kept a control on it.

Question 4.
What were the causes of the downfall of Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Causes of the downfall of Delhi Sultanate:
1. They were despotic by nature.
2. The Sultans Delhi Sultanate ruled India by sword.
3. The Hindus were not happy during their rule. They were even made to pay Jazia.
4. Most of the Sultans were pleasure-loving and weak rulers.
5. The army was not well-organisd and was ill-disciplined.
6. There was no definite law of succession.

MAP WORK

Question 1.
On an outline map of India show Alauddin Khalji’s campaign into South India.
Answer:

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Birthright: Privileges claimed on account of birth.
• Gender distinctions: Social and biological differences between women and men.
• Hinterland: The lands adjacent to a city or port that supply it with goods and services.
• Garrison Town: A fortified settlement with soldiers.
• Client: Someone who is under the protection of another, a dependent or hanger on.
• Siydati: A form of salutation in which the person converned had to kneel down and touch the ground with his forehead.
• Ulemas: Scholars of Islamic learning who were generally orthodox in their outlook.
• Iqtas: The grant of revenue from a village or a piece of land.
• Patwari: The officer who kept the land revenue record.
• Paibos: It was a Persian custom of kissing the feet of the Sultan (king).
• Sikandar-i-Sahi: The title adopted by Alla-ud-din Khilji.
• Jagir: A piece of land given to officials of the kingdom.
• Kharaj: The tax on cultivation was known as Kharaj.
• Bandagn: The early Delhi Sultans especially Iltutmish favoured their slaves purchased for military service. These slaves were known as bandagm in Persian.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Hindi Solutions Vasant Chapter 20 विप्लव गायन Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Hindi Solutions Vasant Chapter 20 विप्लव गायन

HBSE 7th Class Hindi विप्लव गायन Textbook Questions and Answers

कविता से

विप्लव गायन Question and Answer HBSE 7th Class Hindi प्रश्न 1.
‘कण-कण में है व्याप्त वही स्वर कालकूट फणि की चिंतामणि’
(क) वही स्वर, वह ध्वनि एवं वही तान किसके लिए/किस भाव के लिए प्रयुक्त हुआ है ?
(ख) वही स्वर, वह ध्वनि एवं वही तान से संबंधित भाव का ‘रुद्ध-गीत की क्रुद्ध तान है/निकली मेरी अंतरतर से’- पंक्तियों से क्या कोई संबंध बनता है।
उत्तर :
(क) वही स्वर, वह ध्यानि एवं वही तान क्रांति के भाव के लिए प्रयुक्त है।
(ख) हाँ, इनका आपस में संबंध बनता है। उसकी यह तान उसके हृदय की गहराइयों से निकली है।

विप्लव गायन कविता के प्रश्न उत्तर HBSE 7th Class Hindi प्रश्न 2.
नीचे दी गई पंक्तियों का भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए-
‘सावधान! मेरी वीणा में दोनों मेरी ऐंठी हैं।’
उत्तर :
कवि सरस्वती के उपासकों का आह्वान करते हुए उनसे एक ऐसा गीत सुनाने का आग्रह करता है जिससे सब जगह उथल-पुथल मच जाए अर्थात् क्रांति आ जाए। उन्होंने अब तक मधुर गीत तो बहुत गा लिए, अब ऐसे गीत की आवश्यकता है जिससे क्रांति की ज्वाला निकले। कवि देश के सभी भागों से विचारों और भावों की लहरें उठने की कामना करता है।

कवि शोषकों और दमन-चक्र चलाने वालों को सावधान करते हुए कहता है कि अब मेरी वीणा (कंठ रूपी वीणा) में स्वतंत्रता की चिनगारियाँ आ बैठी हैं अर्थात् क्रांति के स्वर उभर रहे हैं। अब उससे प्रेम और श्रृंगार के मधुर स्वर नहीं निकलेंगे। अब तो केवल क्रांति के स्वर गूंजेंगे। यदि वीणावादक की उँगलियाँ अकड़ जाएँ अर्थात् ऐंठ जाएँ तो मिजराबें टूट जाती है और तब अपेक्षित स्वर नहीं निकल पाते। कवि की भी यही स्थिति हो गई है। कवि के मन में भी क्रांति के स्वर उभर रहे हैं।

कविता से आगे

1. स्वाधीनता संग्राम के दिनों में अनेक कवियों ने स्वाधीनता को मुखर करनेवाली ओजपूर्ण कविताएँ लिखीं। माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी, मैथिलीशरण गुप्त और सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी “निराला’ की ऐसी कविताओं की चार-धार पंक्तियाँ इकट्ठा कीजिए जिनमें स्वाधीनता के भाव ओज से मुखर हुए हैं।
उत्तर :
माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी
मुझे तोड़ लेना वनमाली,
उस पथ में देना तम फेंक,
मातृभूमि पर शीश चढ़ाने,
जिस पथ जावें वीर अनेक।
जिनके मस्तक पर मातृभूमि का रस बरसे
जिनकी रग-रग में दूध भरा हो माता का।
सागर की बाँह मिलनोत्सुका प्रचंड बढ़ी
सूरज पूरब काटी का बना विधाता का।
उनकी सत्याग्रह-भरी विजय का बल जानो।
उनकी अजेय अनुराग-शक्ति को पहचानो।

सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’
बाधाएँ आएँ तन पर,
देखू तुझे नयन मन भर,
मुझे देख तू सजल दुगों से
अपलक, उर के शतदल पर;
क्लेद-युक्त, अपना तन दूंगा,
मुक्त करूंगा तुझे अटल,
तेरे चरणों पर देकर बलि,
सकल श्रेय-श्रम सचित फल।

HBSE 7th Class Hindi विप्लव गायन Important Questions and Answers

अति लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

विप्लव गायन HBSE 7th Class Hindi प्रश्न 1.
कवि क्या चाहता है?
उत्तर :
कवि क्रांति लाना चाहता है।

Viplav Gayan Class 7 HBSE Hindi प्रश्न 2.
कवि कैसी तान सुनना चाहता है?
उत्तर :
जिस तान को सुनकर उथल-पुथल मच जाए।

प्रश्न 3.
कवि के हृदय से कैसी तान निकली है?
उत्तर :
कवि के हृदय से कुद्ध तान निकली है।

प्रश्न 4.
कैसा गीत समाज में क्रांति ला सकता है?
उत्तर :
महानाश का मारक गीत समाज में क्रांति ला सकता है

प्रश्न 5.
विप्लव-गायन कैसी कविता है?
उत्तर :
‘विप्लव-गायन’ जड़ता के विरुद्ध विकास एवं गतिशीलता की कविता है।

प्रश्न 6.
कवि संघर्ष करके क्या करना चाहता है?
उत्तर :
कवि संघर्ष करके नया सृजन (निर्माण) करना चाहता है।

लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
कवि ने यह विप्लव गीत क्यों लिखा होगा?
उत्तर :
कवि अपने गीत के माध्यम से समाज में क्रांति के लिए चेतना जगाना चाहता था। अत: उसने विप्लव गीत लिखा।

प्रश्न 2.
‘विप्लव-गायन’ का प्रतिपाद्य लिखो।
उत्तर :
‘विप्लव-गायन’ जड़ता के विरुद्ध विकास एवं गतिशीलता की कविता है। विकास और गतिशीलता को अवरुद्ध करनेवाली प्रवृत्ति से संघर्ष करके कवि नया सृजन करना चाहता है। इसलिए कवि विप्लव के माध्यम से परिवर्तन की हिलोर लाना चाहता है।

विप्लव गायन काव्यांशों की सप्रसंग व्याख्या

1. कवि, कुछ ……………… ऐंठी हैं।

शब्दार्थ: तान = लय, स्वर (Rhythem)। उथल-पुथल = ऊपर-नीचे होना, परिवर्तन (Change)। हिलोर = लहर (Wave)। मिजराबें = वीणा के तारों को छोड़ने के लिए उँगली में पहने जाने वाला छल्ला (Ring in finger)।

सप्रसंग व्याख्या :
प्रसंग :
यह काव्यांश प्रसिद्ध देशभक्त कवि बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’ द्वारा रचित कविता ‘विप्लव-गायन’ से लिया गया है। इसे हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘वसंत भाग-2’ में संकलित किया गया है। यह एक क्रांतिगीत है। इसे नवीन जी ने स्वयं बीसियों बार गाया था। कवि एक नए समाज के निर्माण का आह्वान करता है।

व्याख्या :
कवि सरस्वती के उपासकों का आह्वान करते हुए उनसे एक ऐसा गीत सुनाने का आग्रह करता है जिससे सब जगह उथल-पुथल मच जाए अर्थात् क्रांति आ जाए। उन्होंने अब तक मधुर गीत तो बहुत गा लिए, अब ऐसे गीत की आवश्यकता है जिससे क्रांति की ज्वाला निकले। कवि देश के सभी भागों से विचारों और भावों की लहर उठने की कामना करता है।

कवि शोषकों और दमन-चक्र चलाने वालों को सावधान करते हुए कहता है कि अब मेरी वीणा (कंठ रूपी वीणा) में स्वतंत्रता की चिनगारियाँ आ बैठी हैं अर्थात् क्रांति के स्वर उभर रहे हैं। अब उससे प्रेम और श्रृंगार के मधुर स्वर नहीं निकलेंगे। अब तो केवल क्रांति के स्वर गूंजेंगे। यदि वीणावादक की उँगलियाँ अकड़ जाएँ अर्थात् ऐंठ जाएँ तो मिजरा टूट जाती हैं और तब अपेक्षित स्वर नहीं निकल पाते। कवि की भी यही स्थिति हो गई है। कवि के मन में भी क्रांति के स्वर उभर रहे हैं।

विशेष :
1. कवि ने क्रांति का आह्वान किया है।
2. भाषा ओजपूर्ण है।
3. ‘कवि कुछ’ में अनुप्रास अलंकार है।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. कवि और कविता का नाम लिखो।
2. कवि से कैसी तान सुनाने के लिए कहा जा रहा है?
3. कवि की वीणा में से कैसे स्वर निकल रहे हैं?
4. कवि किनका पक्षधर हे?
उत्तर:
1. कवि का नाम – बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’
कविता का नाम – विप्लव-गायन
2. कवि से ऐसी तान सुनाने के लिए कहा जा रहा है जिससे चारों ओर उथल-पुथल मच जाए अर्थात् क्रांति का आगमन हो जाए।
3. कवि की वीणा से चिनगारी जैसे क्रांतिकारी स्वर निकल रहे हैं।
4. कवि शोषितों (किसान-मजदूरों) का पक्षधर है।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. यह कविता किस वाद से प्रभावित है?
(क) छायावाद
(ख) प्रगतिवाद
(ग) साम्यवाद
(घ) प्रयोगवाद
उत्तर :
(ख) प्रगतिवाद

2. ‘उथल-पुथल मचने’ से कवि का क्या आशय है?
(क) क्रांति का आगमन हो जाए
(ख) समाज में परिवर्तन हो जाए
(ग) विद्रोह हो जाए
(घ) पानी बह जाए
उत्तर :
(क) क्रांति का आगमन हो जाए

3. “मिज़राबें” का अर्थ है
(क) वीणा बजान का छल्ला
(ख) वीणा के तार
(ग) वीणा के स्वर
(घ) अँगुली
उत्तर :
(क) वीणा बजान का छल्ला

4. इस कविता के रचयिता हैं
(क) मैथिलीशरण गुप्त
(ख) बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’
(ग) सुमित्रानंदन पंत
(घ) मनोहर लाल
उत्तर :
(ख) बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’

2. कंठ रुका ………………… अंतरतर से।

शब्दार्थ : कंठ = गला (Threatty) महानाश = पूरी बर्बादी (Toteil deestruction)। मारक = मारने वाला (Killery)। रुद्ध = रुका हुआ (Stopped)। हृत्तल = हृदय (Hearior) क्षुब्ध = कुपित (Angry)। दग्ध = जना हुआ (Burmy। कुद्ध = क्रोध में (Angry)। अंतर = हृदय (Heartyl

सप्रसंग व्याख्या:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत पंक्तियाँ बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’ द्वारा रचित क्राति गीत ‘विप्लव-गायन’ से अवतरित हैं। क्रांति आने पर पहले नाश होता है और फिर नव-निर्माण होता है।

व्याख्या :
कवि कहता है कि पहले मेरा कंठ रुका हुआ था। मैं चाहकर भी मारक गीत नहीं लिख पाता था। अब यह स्थिति समाप्त हो गई है। अब मेरे हृदय के अंदर वर्तमान शासन के प्रति क्रोध, आक्रोश और घृणा के भाव जाग गए हैं और मैंने क्रांति – गीत लिखने का निश्चय कर लिया है। इन गीतों से लोगों के हृदयों में आग लग कर रहेगी। अब एक प्रकार का युद्ध छिड़ गया है।

मेरे क्रांति गीत से जो आग निकलेगी उससे झाड़-झंखाड़ अर्थात् गलत रूढ़ियाँ परंपराएँ जलकर नष्ट हो जाएंगी। मेरे मन में अब तक जो गीत रुका हुआ था. अब उसकी क्षुब्ध (दुखी) तान विद्रोह की ज्वाला भड़काकर रहेगी क्योंकि यह तान मेरे हृदय की गहराई से निकली है। मेरा यह गीत मधुर एवं कोमल न होकर विद्रोह की ज्याला भड़काने वाला होगा। इसका प्रभाव व्यापक होगा।

विशेष :
1. तत्सम शब्दों का प्रयोग है।
2. ओज गुण का समावेश है।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. कवि की स्थिति क्या हो गई है?
2. अब वह कैसे गीत लिखना चाह रहा है?
3. क्रांति गीत से क्या होगा?
उत्तर:
1. कवि का कंठ रुक गया है और वह चाहकर भी मारक गीत नहीं लिख पा रहा है। अब उसके हृदय में शासन के प्रति क्रोध, आक्रोश और घृणा के भाव जाग गए हैं।
2. अब कवि क्रांति गीत लिखना चाह रहा है।
3. इस क्रांति गीत से विद्रोह की ज्वाला भड़केगी। इसका प्रभाव व्यापक होगा।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. आग कहाँ लगेगी?
(क) लोगों में
(ख) हृदय में
(ग) शासन में
(घ) कहीं नहीं
उत्तर :
(ख) हृदय में

2. ‘दग्य’ शब्द कैसा है?
(क) तत्सम
(ख) तद्भव
(ग) देशज
(घ) विदेशी
उत्तर :
(क) तत्सम

3. कवि कैसा गीत नहीं लिख पा रहा है?
(क) मारक गीत
(ख) रुद्ध गीत
(ग) क्रांति गीत
(घ) सामान्य गीत
उत्तर :
(क) मारक गीत

4. यह काव्यांश किस कविता से लिया गया है?
(क) विप्लव से
(ख) विप्लव-गायन से
(ग) क्रांति गीत से
(घ) मारक गीत से
उत्तर :
(ख) विप्लव-गायन से

3. कण – कण …………… आया हूँ।

शब्दार्थ : व्याप्त = समाया हुआ (Spread over)। ध्वनि = आवाज़ (Sound)। कालकूट = जहर (Poison)। फणि = साँप (Snake)। भू-विलास = भौहें टेढ़ी होना, क्रोध (Anger)। पोषक = पालने वाले (Nourishing)। परख = जाँच (Test)

सप्रसंग व्याख्या:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत पंक्तियाँ हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तक ‘वसंत भाग-2’ में संकलित कविता ‘विप्लव-गायन’ से ली गई हैं। इस कविता के रचयिता बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’ हैं।

व्याख्या :
कवि अपने कंठ से निकले गीत की व्यापकता को बताते हुए कहता है कि यह गीत सारे संसार के कण-कण में समाया हुआ है। आज प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का रोम-रोम इसी गीत को गा रहा है। केवल इस जगत के प्राणी ही नहीं, भयंकर विष को धारण करने वाले शेषनाग के सिर पर विद्यमान चिंतामणि भी इसी प्रलय-गीत का गायन कर रही है। वह भी क्रांति का आह्वान कर रहा है। शेषनाग भी मेरा क्रांति-गीत सुनकर मस्ती में अपना फन हिलाकर झूम रहा है।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. कण-कण में कौन-सा स्वर व्याप्त है?
2. कवि को जीवन का क्या राज समझ आ गया है?
3. कवि को महानाश के पोषक सूत्र कहाँ दिखाई दिए?
उत्तर:
1. कण-कण में क्रांति के स्वर व्याप्त हैं।
2. कवि को जीवन का यह रारा समझ में आ गया है कि क्रांति के बिना नव-निर्माण या परिवर्तन संभव नहीं है।
3. कवि को महानाश के पोषक सूत्र भौंहों के एक इशारे में दिखाई दिए अर्थात् जब लोग अपनी भृकुटि टेढ़ी करते हैं तब महानाश होता है।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. ‘सेम-रोम’ में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
(क) अनुप्रास
(ख) पुनरुक्ति
(ग) यमक
(घ) उपमा
उत्तर :
(ख) पुनरुक्ति

2. ‘भ्रू’ शब्द कैसा है?
(क) तत्सम
(ख) तद्भव
(ग) देशज
(घ) विदेशी
उत्तर :
(क) तत्सम

3. ‘कालकूट’ शब्द का अर्थ है
(क) ज़हर
(ख) अमृत
(ग) दूध
(घ) पानी
उत्तर :
(क) ज़हर

4. इस कविता का मूल स्वर कैसा है?
(क) क्रांति का
(ख) विद्रोह का
(ग) परिवर्तन का
(घ) इन सभी का
उत्तर :
(घ) इन सभी का

विप्लव गायन Summary in Hindi

विप्लव गायन कवि-परिचय

प्रश्न : बालकृष्ण शर्मा ‘नवीन’ का जीवन परिचय देते हुए उनका साहित्यिक परिचय भी दीजिए।
उत्तर :
जीवन-परिचय :
बालकृष्ण शर्मा नवीन स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के एक निर्भीक पत्रकार, कवि, गद्यकार एवं स्वतंत्रता सेनानी थे। उनका जन्म 8 दिसंबर, 1897 ई. को ‘ग्वालियर’ राज्य के शाजापुर नामक परगने के भयाना नामक गाँव में हुआ था। पिता बहुत निर्धन थे। वैष्णव माता-पिता के साथ उदयपुर राज्य में स्थित ‘नाथद्वारा’ मंदिर में बचपन की धमाचौकड़ी मचाने के बाद पढ़ाई के लिए पुनः शाजापुर आ गए। शाजापुर से मिडिल पास करने के बाद वे उज्जैन चले गए जहाँ उन्हरने माधव कॉलेज में प्रवेश लिया। युवा नवीन को राजनीति ने तीव्रता से आकृष्ट किया।

1916 ई. में लोकमान्य तिलक के आह्वान पर अखिल भारतीय कांग्रेस का अधिवेशन देखने लखनऊ जा पहुँचे। इसी अधिवेशन में उनकी भेंट माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी, मैथिलीशरण गुप्त और गणेशशंकर विद्यार्थी से हुई। 1917 ई. में हाई स्कूल पास करने के बाद वे गणेश शंकर विद्यार्थी के बुलावे पर कानपुर पहुँच गए, जहाँ विद्यार्थी ‘प्रताप’ नामक अखबार का प्रकाशन कर रहे थे। उन्होंने नवीन को ‘प्रताप’ में रख लिया और पढ़ाई के लिए ‘क्राइस्ट चर्च कॉलेज’ में भर्ती करा दिया।

1920 ई. में गाँधी जी के आह्वान पर सत्याग्रही बन गए और कॉलेज की पढ़ाई बीच में ही छोड़ दी। 1931 ई. में गणेशशंकर विद्यार्थी की मृत्यु के बाद नवीन ही ‘प्रताप’ के मुख्य संपादक बने। 1960 ई. तक वे देश की राजनीति में बराबर सक्रिय रहे। 1952 ई. में प्रथम लोक सभा के सदस्य बने और मृत्युपर्यंत (1960 तक) भारतीय संसद के वरिष्ठ सदस्य भी रहे। वे फक्कड़ मनमौजी और अलमस्त किस्म के व्यक्ति थे। वे पक्के वैष्णव थे।

साहित्यिक परिचय :
1917 से वे गणेशशंकर विद्यार्थी के पत्र ‘प्रताप’ से जुड़े और इससे उनका संपर्क अंत तक बना रहा। उन्होंने माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी की ‘खंडवा’ (म.प्र.) से प्रकाशित होने वाली पत्रिका ‘प्रभा’ का संपादन कार्य भी 1921-23 तक किया था। इन पत्रों में उनकी लिखी संपादकीय टिप्पणियाँ अपने ओज, खरेपन और अभिव्यंजना शैली की विशिष्टता के कारण आज भी पठनीय हैं। वे एक निर्भीक पत्रकार थे। रचनाएँ : कुमकुम, रश्मिरेखा, अपलक, हम विषायी जनम के।

विप्लव गायन कविता का सार

‘विप्लव-गायन’ शीर्षक कविता एक क्रांति-गीत है। इसमें जड़ता के विरुद्ध विकास एवं गतिशीलता की बात कही गई है। विकास के मार्ग को रोकने वाली प्रवृत्ति से संघर्ष करने की भावना का आह्वान किया गया है। इस गीत में कवि ने कवियों से ऐसे गीत के सृजन की कामना की है जो क्रांति का मार्ग प्रशस्त करे।

कवि चाहता है कि अन्याय और शोषण से भरी व्यवस्था नष्ट-भ्रष्ट हो जाए। कवि नए समाज का निर्माण करना चाहता है। कवि अपने गीत के माध्यम से समाज में उथल-पुथल लाना चाहता है। वह अपने मन के भावों को कंठ से निकले गीत में प्रकट करना चाहता है। इससे क्रांति की ज्वाला निकलेगी और सब बुरा-बुरा जल कर नष्ट हो जाएगा। कवि को यह बात समझ आ गई है कि नव-निर्माण से पहले नाश अवश्य होता है।

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

HBSE 7th Class History Chapter 1 Question 1.
Who was considered a ‘foreigner’ in the past?
Answer:
In the medieval period the term ‘foreigner’ was used for any stranger who appeared, say in a given village, someone who was not a part of the society or culture.

Question 2.
State whether True or False:

1. We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
2. The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
3. Forest dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agriculture settlements.
4. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Archives are places where ………… are kept.
2. ………….. was a fourteenth century chronicles.
3. ………….. , ………….. , ………….. , ………….. and ………….. were some of the new crops introduced into the sub-continent during this period.

Answer:

1. documents and manuscripts.
2. Ziyauddin Barani.
3. Potatoes, corn, chilli, tea, coffee.

Question 4.
List some of the technological changes associated with this period.
Answer:
This period saw the technological changes which are given below:
1. Use of Persian wheel for irrigation.
2. Use of spinning wheel in weaving.
3. Use of firearms in combat made also appearance.

Question 5.
What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
Answer:
Some of the major religious developments during this period were:
(a) The worship of new deities
(b) The construction of temples by royalty.
(c) Growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
(d) Brahmanas’ importance grew due to their knowledge of Sanskrit language. They were patronized by the Emperors.
(e) The idea of Bhakti emerged among people. The merchants and migrants brought with them the teachings of Quran, the holy book of Muslims.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 6.
In what ways has the meaning of the term ‘Hindustan changed over the centuries’?
Answer:
The meaning of term ‘Hindustan’ has changed over the centuries in the following manner:
(a) In the 13th century, Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’. For him the term meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the land between Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He used this term in a political sense that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultan.

(b) In the sixteenth century poet Babur used the term to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the subcontinent.

(c) The poet Amir Khusrau used the term in the fourteenth century in the similar way as Babur in the sixteenth century.

(d) The term ‘Hindustan’ did not carry the political and national meaning as the term ‘India’ is used today.

Question 7.
How were the affairs of Jatis regulated?
Answer:
The ways in Which the affairs of jatis were regulated were as follows:
1. Jati framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members.
2. Jati Panchayat or the assembly of elders enforced these regulations.
3. Jatis also followed the rules of their villages.

Question 8.
What does the term pan- regional empire mean?
Answer:
The term ‘pan-regional empire’ refers to an empire spanning over diverse regions. The empires of Chola, Kalsi, Tughlaqs and Mughals were’the examples of pan- regional empire.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts.
Answer:
(a) Manuscripts were handwritten. They used palm-leaves as paper for writing. Some are written in Shikaste (illegible) script.

(b) Since the handwriting was not always clear, the scribes made small changes in words or sentences while copying manuscripts. Over the centuries, the changes grew until the manuscripts of the same text became very different fjrom the original.

(c) Historians interpreted the facts as per the manuscripts which they got.

Question 10.
How do historians divide the past into period? Do they face any problem in doing this?
Answer:
(i) Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characterise the major elements of different moments of the past.

(ii) Historians face many problems while dividing the past into periods as there was a good amount of technological development in the “medieval” period, which can be called as ‘modern’ in the contemporary context. But still the period is called “medieval” and not “modern”. On the other hand, modern past is followed by the “medieval” past.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare either Map I or Map II with the present day map of the subcontinent; listing as many similarities and differences that you can find.

Map 1

Map 2

(A) Map 1

• Map I was made in 1154CE by geographer al-Idrisi.
• This presents a detail of the Indian subcontinent from his larger map of the world.
• In this map, South India was at that place where North India is at present and Sri Lanka is the Island at the top.
• Place names are marked in Arabic as Kanauj in Uttar Pradesh has been spelt as Qanauj.
• Present day map of the subcontinent is more clear. It has been made to scale and it clearly shows direction.

(B) Map 2
This map was made by French cartographer in 1720s.
In this map-

• Coastal areas are surprisingly detailed.
• Method of providing information was different.
• The technique of cartography differed

Question 12.
Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?
Answer:

• In villages, records are kept in the Panchayat Ghar. In cities, records are kept in the office of municipal committee or municipal corporation or an archive.
• The records are written and maintained by Sarpanch in villages. In cities these records are written by clerks.
• Rare manuscripts, government records and valuable books etc. are stored there.
• Scholars, researchers and government officials use them.

Question 13.
Look at the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 of the textbook. Are they as detailed as those on the coast? Follow the course of the River Ganga and see how it is shown. Why do you think there is a difference in the level of detail and accuracy between the coastal and inland areas in this map.
Answer:
(a) No the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 are not as detailed 1 as those on the coast.
(b) The European sailors and merchants who used this map, did not go to the inland places of the subcontinent as such as they interacted with the coastal areas
(c) Therefore, the level of detail and accuracy of coastal areas is better than the inland areas in the map.

Question 14.
Can you think of any other words whose meanings change in different contexts?
Answer:
The other word whose meaning change in different contexts is as under:
Jana:
1. Initially it was used to address people or group of people.
2. Later on it was used to denote land.

Question 15.
When was paper more expensive and easily available in the thirteenth or the fourteenth century?
Answer:
Paper was more expensive during thirteenth century and easily available in the fourteenth century.

Question 16.
Of the technological, economic, social and cultural changes described in this section, which do you; think were most significant in the town – or village in which you live?
Answer:
Students do youself.
(Hint: Technological changes did not have much impact on village or town life. But social cultural and economic changes had greater impact on our village life.)

Question 17.
(i) Why do you think rulers made such claims?
Answer:
Rulers wanted to show of, be popular and mighty by claming to have; control over distant territorises.

(ii) Make a list of languages mentioned by Amir Khusrau. Prepare another list of the names of language spoken today in the regions he s mentioned. Underline name that are; similar and circle those that are different. Did you notice that the names by which languages are known have\changed over time?
Answer:

Yes, there are significant changes in the spoken languages at different regions over time.

(iii) What was the duration of rule of the Khalji and Mughal dynasties?
Answer:
(a) Khalji dynasty ruled from 1290 to 1320.
(b) Mughal dynasty ruled from 1526 to 1857.

Question 18.
(i) Find out whether and for how long your state was part of these pan-reginal empires.
Answer:
Students do yourself.

(ii) Do you remember what Amir Khusrau had to say regarding Sanskrit, knowledge and Brahmanas?
Answer:
Amir Khusrau said that Sanskrit did not belong to any region. It was an old language and common people did not know it. Only the Brahmanas spoke it.

Question 19.
You are a historian. Choose one of the themes mentioned in this chapter, such as economic, social or political, history and discuss why you think it would be interesting to find out the history of that theme.
Answer:
Political theme would be interesting to explore in the historical context. Some of the reasons why to explore it, are as under:
(a) Political theme in history introduces us to our past rulers, their families, administrations, wars and battles.
(b) It also lead us to know about the various ruling practices such as, rule by group of people (republic) or monarchy etc.
(c) It imparts the knowledge about relations with neighbouring countries etc.

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was paper used?
Answer:
The paper was used to write holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and techniques of saints, petitions and judicial records, accounts and taxes.

Question 2.
Which group of people became important during medieval period?
Answer:
The Rajputs became important during medieval period.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is India called the land of many names?
Answer:
• India was named Aryavarta because this country being the abode of Aryans.
• India was named Bharat after the name of King Bharat.
• The name Hindustan and Indus were derived from Sindhu, the Vedic name of the great river of north-west.
• The Romans modified the name as Indus.
Hence India is called the land of many names.

Question 2.
What does ‘time’ mean by historians? How is the study of ‘time’ convenient for historians?
Answer:
‘Time’ for historians doesn’t mean just a passing of hours, days or years. It also reflects changes in social and economic organization, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs.

The study of ‘time’ is important because it helps historians to divide the past into large segments. The historians study the different aspects of the specific period and then assess the comparative progress and their effect on society.

Question 3.
How were the views of Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims different from each other?
Answer:
Shia Muslims believed that Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali was the legitimate leader of the Muslim Community. Shunni Muslims accepted the authority of the’ early leaders (Khalifas) of the community, and the succeeding Khalifas.

Question 4.
How has the medieval period helped in the development of the Indian history.?
Answer:
Medieval period has been helpful in the development of Indian history because:
(i) In this period, many modern languages which we speak now developed during this period.
(ii) Some of the food items we eat and the clothes we wear became popular during this period.
(iii) The history of our current religious faiths (such as Islam, Sikhism etc.) can be traced back to this period.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What wee the main features of jatis, during medieval period?
Answer:
(a) During medieval period, people were grouped into jatis or sub-castes and ranked on the basis of their backgrounds and occupations.
(b) Ranks were not fixed permanently, and varied according to the power, influence and resources controlled by members of jati.
(c) The status of the same jati could vary from area to area.

Question 2.
What were the problems of peasants during medieval period?
Answer:
During the medieval period, peasants had following problems:
(a) They were influenced by various forces such as – regional markets, chieftains, priests, monasteries and temples.
(b) They became part of large, complex societies and were required to pay taxes and offer goods and services to local lords.
(c) Some peasants possessed more productive land, other also kept cattle while some of them did artisanal work with agricultural activities during the lean season.

Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Cartographer: A person who draws maps.
• Archive: A place where documents and manuscripts are stored.
• Habitat: It refers to the environment of a region and the social and economic life style of its residents.
• Patron: An influential, wealthy individual who supports another person man artiste.
• Manuscript: Handwritten accounts of contemporary events.
• Inscription: Document inscribed on some hard of permanent material (generally some stone or metal) in the forms of letters or other conventional signs for the purpose of conveying some information.
• Caliph: A title of the head of Muslim Community, literally meaning the successor or the ‘vice regent’.
• Feudalism: A political and economic system which came, into western Europe during ‘Dark Age’.
• Chronicles: Accounts of historical events given by various writers.
• Biography: Written account of person’s life by another writer.
• Auto-biography: Written account of person’s life by the same person.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Hindi Solutions Vasant Chapter 18 संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Hindi Solutions Vasant Chapter 18 संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज

HBSE 7th Class Hindi संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Textbook Questions and Answers

भेंटवार्ता से

Class 7 Hindi Chapter 18 Summary HBSE प्रश्न 1.
साक्षात्कार पढ़कर आपके मन में धनराज पिल्लै की कैसी छवि उभरती है? वर्णन कीजिए।
उत्तर:
साक्षात्कार पढ़कर हमारे मन में धनराज पिल्ले की जो छवि उभरती है, वह इस प्रकार है धनराज पिल्लै गरीबी में पला-बढ़ा एक स्वाभिमानी व्यक्ति है। उसने अपने जीवन में बहुत संघर्ष किया है। यह स्वयं को बहुत असुरक्षित अनुभव करता रहा है अतः उसके स्वभाव में तुनुकमिजाजी आ गई है। वह अपनी माँ तथा भाभी का बहुत सम्मान करता है। वह देश के लिए खेलने में गर्व का अनुभव करता है। पहले वह अपने रंग-रूप को लेकर हीन भावना का शिकार था, पर अब वह इससे उबर चुका है।

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Class 7 Hindi  प्रश्न 2.
धनराज पिल्लै ने जमीन से उठकर आसमान का सितारा बनने तक का सफर तय किया है। लगभग सौ शब्दों में इस सफर का वर्णन कीजिए।
उत्तर:
धनराज पिल्ले ने जमीन से उठकर आसमान का सितारा बनने तक का सफर धैर्यपूर्वक संपन्न किया है। उनका जन्म पुणे की तंग गलियों में हुआ। उनका परिवार बहुत गरीब था अत: उनका बचपन मुश्किलों में बीता उन्हें हॉकी खेलने का शौक ता था, पर हांका की स्टिक खरीदने के लिए उनके पास पैसे नहीं थे।

वे दोस्तों से स्टिक मांगकर खेलते थे। उन्हें अपनी पहली स्टिक अपने भाई से मिली। वे पढ़ने में भी फिसड्डी थे, पर हॉकी के शौक ने उन्हें जमीन से उठाकर आसमान की सितारा बना दिया। इस सफर में उन्हें जूनियर-सीनियर टीमों में खेलना पड़ा। उन्हें पहली कार महिंद्रा ग्रुप ने दी थी जो सेकंड हैंड थी।

अब तक हॉकी का -यह सितारा मुंबई की लोकल ट्रेनों तथा बसों में ही सफर करता था। बाद में उसने अपनी कमाई और लोन से फोर्ड आइकॉन कार खरीदी। हॉकी ने उन्हें काफी कुछ दिया। धन मिला, महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने पवई में एक फ्लैट दिया। वे लोगों में अत्याधिक लोकप्रिय हो गए। राष्ट्रपति से भी उन्हें मिलने का अवसर मिला। अनेक अभिनेताओं तथा अभिनेत्रियों ने उनके खेल की प्रशंसा की। इस प्रकार व आसमान का सितारा बन गए।

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Question and Answer HBSE 7th Class प्रश्न 3.
“मेरी माँ ने मुझे अपनी प्रसिद्धि को विनम्रता से सँभालने की सीख दी है”- धनराज पिल्लै की इस बात का क्या अर्थ है?
उत्तर:
धनराज पिल्लै की इस बात का यह अर्थ है कि उनकी माँ ने उन्हें विनम्र बने रहने के संस्कार दिए हैं। प्राय: लोग प्रसिद्धि में पगला जाते हैं और इसे सहज भाव से स्वीकार नहीं कर पाते। धनराज पिल्लै के व्यक्तित्व के निर्माण में उनकी माँ का बहुत बड़ा योगदान है और माँ ने उन्हें विनम्रता का संस्कार दिया है। वे अपनी माँ के प्रति बहुत सम्मान का भाव रखते हैं।

साक्षात्कार से आगे

प्रश्न 1.
ध्यानचंद को हॉकी का जादूगर कहा जाता। क्यों? पता लगाइए।
उत्तर:
ध्यानचंद हॉकी के सर्वश्रेष्ठ खिलाड़ी थे। उनकी स्टिक से हॉकी की बाल करिश्मा कर दिखाती थी। उनके समय में भारत ने हॉकी का स्वर्णपदक कई बार जीता। सारा संसार उन्हें ‘हॉकी का जादूगर’ मानता था।

प्रश्न 2.
किन विशेषताओं के कारण हॉकी भारत का राष्ट्रीय खेल माना जाता है?
उत्तर:
हॉकी का खेल सारे भारत में खेला जाता है। यह सभी जगह अत्यंत लोकप्रिय है। भारत इस खेल में कई बार स्वर्ण पदक भी जीत चुका है। अत: इसे राष्ट्रीय खेल माना जाता है।

प्रश्न 3.
आप समाचार-पत्रों, पत्रिकाओं में छपे हुए साक्षात्कार पढ़ें और अपनी रुचि से किसी व्यक्ति को चुने, उसके बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त कर कुछ प्रश्न तैयार करें और साक्षात्कार लें।
उत्तर:
यह काम विद्यार्थी स्वयं करें।

HBSE 7th Class Hindi संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Important Questions and Answers

अति लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
धनराज पिल्लै किस खेल के प्रसिद्ध खिलाड़ी हैं?
उत्तर:
धनराज पिल्लै हॉकी के प्रसिद्ध खिलाड़ी हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
साक्षात्कार से आप क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर:
साक्षात्कार में एक व्यक्ति दूसरे व्यक्ति के आमने-सामने बैठकर प्रश्नों द्वारा बातचीत करता है।

प्रश्न 3.
धनराज पढ़ाई में कैसे थे?
उत्तर:
धनराज पढ़ने में एकदम फिसइडी थे।

प्रश्न 4.
धनराज ने कृत्रिम घास पर सबसे पहले हॉकी कब खेली?
उत्तर:
1988 में जब वे राष्ट्रीय खेलों में भाग लेने नई दिल्ली आए।

प्रश्न 5.
धनराज की पहली कार कौन-सी थी?
उत्तर:
धनराज की पहली कार एक सेंकेंड हैंड महेन्द्रा अरमाड़ा थी।

प्रश्न 6.
धनराज को सबसे अधिक प्रेरणा किससे मिली?
उत्तर:
उन्हें सबसे अधिक प्रेरणा अपनी माँ से मिली।

लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
धनराज का बचपन कैसा बीता?
उत्तर:
धनराज का बचपन बहुत गरीबी में बीता। उनका बचपन मुश्किलों से भरा था। उन्हें तथा उनके भाइयों के पालन-पोषण में उनकी माँ को भारी संघर्ष करना पड़ा था। धनराज हॉकी खेलने के लिए एक स्टिक तक नहीं खरीद पाते थे। वे पढ़ाई में भी फिसड्डी थे।

प्रश्न 2.
धनराज के व्यक्तित्व की क्या विशेषताएँ हैं?
उत्तर:
धनराज का व्यक्तित्व कुछ इस प्रकार का है कि वह कभी हमें हंसाता है तो कभी रुलाता है। वह कभी विस्मय से भर देता है तो कभी खीझ उत्पन्न करता है। उनके व्यक्तित्व में कई रंग और कई भाव हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
धनराज ने विधिवत् रूप से हॉकी खेलना कब शुरू किया?
उत्तर:
जब धनराज केवल 16 वर्ष के थे तभी उन्होंने 1985 में मणिपुर में जूनियर राष्ट्रीय हॉकी खेली। 1986 में उसे सीनियर टीम में डाल दिया गया। इसके एक साल बाद उन्हें ऑलविन एशिया कप के कैंप के लिए चुन लिया गया। तब से उन्होंने पीछे मुड़कर नहीं देखा।

प्रश्न 4.
धनराज ने अपनी माँ के बारे में क्या कहा?
उत्तर:
धनराज ने कहा कि उन्हें सबसे अधिक प्रेरणा अपनी माँ से ही मिली। उन्होंने हम सब भाई-बहनों में अच्छे संस्कार डालने की कोशिश की। मैं उनके सबसे अधिक निकट हूँ। मैं कहीं भी हूँ, रात सोने से पहले माँ से बात अवश्य कर लेता हूँ।

प्रश्न 5.
अभिनेत्री रेखा ने धनराज को क्या बात कही?
उत्तर:
प्रसिद्ध अभिनेत्री रेखा ने धनराज को कहा- “यह कभी मत सोचना कि हॉकी खिलाड़ियों को कोई नहीं पहचानता। हम लोग बड़े चाव से तुम लोगों का खेल देखते हैं।”

प्रश्न 6.
व्यावसायिक खेल एक जुनून जैसा होता है। धनराज पिल्लै में ये जुनून कैसे पैदा हुआ होगा?
उत्तर:
जब कोई खिलाड़ी किसी खेल को व्यावसायिक मानकर खेलता है तब यह एक जुनून का रूप ले लेता है। वह हर समय उस खेल को खेलता रहना चाहता है। धनराज स्वयं को काला और बदसूरत मानते थे। उसे लड़कियाँ विशेष पसंद नहीं करती थीं। जब उसके बाकी साथी महिला मित्रों के साथ घूमने-फिरने जाते थे, तब उसे बहुत बुरा लगता था। वह हीन भावना का शिकार हो जाता था। इससे उबरने के लिए उसने 1986 से 1996 तक स्वयं को हॉकी के जुनून में डुबो दिया होगा।

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज गद्यांशों पर आधारित अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न

1. मैंने अपनी ……………. नहीं देखा।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. धनराज ने अपनी जूनियर राष्ट्रीय हॉकी कब खेली? उस समय उनका शरीर कैसा था?
2. धनराज का व्यक्तित्व कैसा था?
3. 1986 में धनराज और उसके भाई ने क्या किया?
4. धनराज को किस बात से मायूसी हुई? यह कैसे खत्म हुई?
उत्तर:
1. धनराज ने अपनी जूनियर राष्ट्रीय हॉकी 1985 में मणिपुर में खेली। उस समय उनका शरीर बहुत दुबला-पतला था और चेहरा छोटे बच्चे जैसा था।
2. धनराज का व्यक्तित्व लड़ाकू का था। वे मैदान पर भी और मैदान से बाहर भी लड़ते थे। उनका दबदबा बना रहता था।
3. 1986 में धनराज और उनके बड़े भाई रमेश ने मुंबई लीग में श्रेष्ठ खेल खेला और खूब धूम मचाई।
4. धनराज को विश्वास था कि उन्हें 1988 के ओलंपिक कैप का बुलावा जरूर आएगा, पर 57 खिलाड़ियों की सूची में उनका नाम नहीं था। इससे उन्हें मायूसी हुई। यह मायूसी अगले साल ऑलविन एशिया कप के कैंप के चुनाव पर दूर हुई।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. जब धनराज ने अपनी पहली जूनियर राष्ट्रीय हॉकी खेली तब उनकी आयु कितनी थी?
(क) 14 वर्ष
(ख) 15 वर्ष
(ग) 16 वर्ष
(घ) 18 वर्ष
उत्तर:
(ग) 16 वर्ष

2. ‘लड़ाकू’ शब्द में किस प्रत्यय का प्रयोग है?
(क) लड्
(ख) डाकू
(ग) आकू
(घ) कू
उत्तर:
(ग) आकू

3. धनराज को किस बात से मायूसी हुई?
(क) 1988 के ओलंपिक के नेशनल कैंप से बुलावा न आने पर
(ख) एशियन कप के कैंप से बुलावा न आने पर
(ग) बेहतरीन न खेल पाने पर
(घ) 57 खिलाड़ियों की लिस्ट में नाम होने पर
उत्तर:
(क) 1988 के ओलंपिक के नेशनल कैंप से बुलावा न आने पर

2. मैं हमेशा ………………. नहीं होती।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. किस बात का सम्बन्ध किससे है?
2. धनराज ने अपने स्वभाव के बारे में क्या सफाई दी?
3. वे अपनी तुनकमिजाजी का क्या कारण बताते हैं?
4. उनके व्यक्तित्व की क्या विशेषता है?
उत्तर:
1. विनीता पांडे ने पूछा था कि वे इतने तुनकमिजाज क्यों हैं तथा वे कभी-कभी हिंसक भी क्यों हो जाते हैं। इस बात का सम्बन्ध धनराज पिल्ले से है।
2. धनराज ने अपने स्वभाव के बारे में यह सफाई दी कि वे बचपन से हो स्वयं को असुरक्षित महसूस करते रहे हैं। उन्होंने अपनी माँ को बहुत संघर्ष करते देखा है।
3. उन्होंने अपनी तुनकमिजाजी का कारण यह बताया कि वे अपनी बात बिना लाग–लपेट के कहने वाले इंसान हैं। उनकी बुद्धि में जो आती है, उसे तुरंत कह डालते हैं। वे कई बार इसके लिए पछताते भी हैं।
4. उनके व्यक्तित्व की यह विशेषता है कि वे भावुक हैं और दूसरों की तकलीफ को नहीं देख सकते। वे अपने दोस्तों और परिवारजनों की बहुत इज्जत करते हैं। वे गलती होने पर माफी भी माँग लेते हैं।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. धनराज हमेशा से अपने आपको कैसा इंसान महसूस करते आए हैं?
(क) सुरक्षित
(ख) असुरक्षित
(ग) क्रोधी
(घ) अच्छा
उत्तर:
(ख) असुरक्षित

2. ‘जेहन’ शब्द कैसा है?
(क) तत्सम
(ख) तद्भव
(ग) देशज
(घ) विदेशी
उत्तर:
(ख) तद्भव

3. धनराज के स्वभाव में इनमें से क्या है?
(क) तुनकमिजाजी
(ख) भावुकता
(ग) चिड़चिड़ापन
(घ) ये सभी बातें
उत्तर:
(ग) चिड़चिड़ापन

4. धनराज किसकी कद्र करता है?
(क) परिवार की
(ख) दोस्तों की
(ग) माँ की
(घ) इन सभी की
उत्तर:
(घ) इन सभी की

3. कुछ रुपये ………………. हो पाती।

अर्थग्रहण संबंधी प्रश्न :
1. पहले खिलाड़ी को कितना इनाम मिलता था?
2 धनराज किसे अपनी पहली जिम्मेदारी मानते थे?
3. 1994 में खरीदा फ्लैट कैसा है?
4. बाद में उसे कहाँ और कैसा फ्लैट मिला?
उत्तर:
1. पहले खिलाड़ी को इनाम में बहुत थोड़े रुपये मिलते थे जबकि आज काफी मिलते हैं।
2 धनराज अपनी पहली जिम्मेदारी अपने परिवार की आर्थिक तंगी को दूर करना मानते थे। वे परिवार को बेहतर ज़िदगी देना चाहते थे।
3. खेलों की कमाई से धनराज ने 1994 में पुणे के भाऊ पाटिल रोड पर दो बेडरूम का एक छोटा-सा फ्लैट खरीदा। यह छोटा ज़रूर था, पर उनके परिवार के लिए काफी था।
4. बाद में महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने उसे पवई में एक अच्छा पलेट दिया। यह फ्लैट उनकी हैसियत से बढ़ कर है।

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न सही उत्तर चुनकर लिखिए

1. धनराज की पहली ज़िम्मेदारी क्या थी?
(क) परिवार की आर्थिक तंगी दूर करना
(ख) घर वालों को एक बेहतर जिंदगी देना
(ग) क ख दोनों
(घ) कुछ नहीं
उत्तर:
(क) परिवार की आर्थिक तंगी दूर करना

2. धनराज ने अपना पहला फ्लैट कहाँ खरीदा?
(क) मुंबई में
(ख) पवई में
(ग) पुणे में
(घ) दिल्ली में
उत्तर:
(ग) पुणे में

3. बाद में किस सरकार ने धनराज को एक फ्लैट दिया?
(क) महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने
(ख) केन्द्र सरकार ने
(ग) गुजरात सरकार ने
(घ) केरल सरकार ने
उत्तर:
(क) महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने

4. धनराज किस खेल का प्रसिद्ध खिलाड़ी है?
(क) क्रिकेट
(ख) हॉकी
(ग) फुटबॉल
(घ) कबड्डी
उत्तर:
(ख) हॉकी

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज Summary in Hindi

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज पाठ का सार

यह पाठ साक्षात्कार विधा में रचित है। धनराज पिल्लै हॉकी के प्रसिद्ध खिलाड़ी हैं। जब उनकी आयु 35 वर्ष हो गई तब उनका साक्षात्कार (Interview) विनीता पाण्डेय ने लिया था।

साक्षात्कार का संक्षिप्त रूप इस प्रकार है –
विनीता ने धनराज पिल्ले से पुणे की तंग गलियों से लेकर मुंबई तक के उनके सफर के बारे में पूछा तो धनराज ने बताया कि उनका बचपन मुश्किलों से भरा था। वे बहुत गरीब थे। उनके बड़े भाई हॉकी खेलते थे। उसी से उन्हें भी खेलने का शौक पैदा हुआ, पर तब उनके पास हॉकी की स्टिक खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं होते थे अतः वे अपने साथियों से स्टिक माँगकर काम चलाते थे। उन्हें पहली स्टिक उनके भाई ने तब दी जब भाई-भाई को भारतीय कैंप के लिए चुन लिया गया।

वह स्टिक उनके लिए इस दृष्टि से बेशकीमती थी क्योंकि वह उनकी अपनी थी, उन्होंने 1985 में मणिपुर में जूनियर राष्ट्रीय हॉकी खेली थी तब वे 16 साल के दुबले-पतले थे। 1986 में उन्हें सीनियर टीम में डाल दिया गया और वे बोरिया-बिस्तर बाँधकर मुंबई चले आए। उस साल उन्होंने बड़े भाई के साथ मिलकर मुंबई लीग में खूब धूम मचाई। एक साल बाद ही ऑलविन एशिया कप के कैंप के लिए उनका चुनाव हो गया तब से अब तक पीछे मुड़कर नहीं देखा।

फिर विनीता ने उनके विद्यार्थी जीवन के बारे में पूछा। धनराज ने बताया कि वे पढ़ने में एकदम फिसड्डी थे। मुश्किल से दसवीं तक पहुँचा। हॉकी की बदौलत ही उन्हें सब कुछ मिला। जब विनीता ने उनकी तुनकमिजाजी के बारे में पूछा तो धनराज ने उत्तर दिया कि वे बचपन से ही अपने आपको असुरक्षित महसूस करने वाले इंसान रहे हैं। उनकी माँ ने उनके पालने में बहुत संघर्ष किया। वे बिना लाग लपेट के ही अपनी बात कहते हैं। कई बार उन्हें बाद में पछताना पड़ता है पर वे अपना गुस्सा नहीं रोक पाते। वे बहुत भावुक इंसान हैं। वे अपने दोस्तों और परिवार की बहुत कद्र करते हैं।

उनसे पूछा कि उनके लिए उनके परिवार की क्या अहमियत है तो वे बोले- मुझे सबसे अधिक प्रेरणा अपनी माँ से मिली। वे कहीं भी रहें, रोज रात को सोने से पहले माँ से अवश्य बात करते हैं। उनकी सबसे बड़ी भाभी कविता भी उनके लिए माँ के समान है। फिर विनीता ने उनसे पूछा कि उनके पास पहली कार कब आई?

– धनराज ने बताया कि उनकी पहली कार एक सेकेंड हैंड महिंद्रा अरमाड़ा थी जिसे उनके पहले मालिक महिंद्रा ग्रुप ने दिया था। वे तब मुंबई की लोकल ट्रेनों और बसों में सफर करते थे। जब एक अखबार ने उनकी तस्वीर छाप दी तब उन्होंने लोकल ट्रेनों में सफर करने से बचने की बात सोची। धीरे-धीरे पैसे जमा किए। बहन की शादी थी।

अब उनके पास एक फोर्ड आइकॉन है जिसे उन्होंने 2000 में खरीदा था। उसके लिए पाँच लाख रुपये लोन लिया, जिसकी किश्तें वे आज भी चुका रहे हैं। 1964 में उन्होंने पुणे के भाऊ पाटिल रोड पर दो बेडरूम का एक छोटा-सा फ्लैट खरीदा। 1999 में महाराष्ट्र सरकार ने उन्हें पवई में एक फ्लैट दिया।

धनराज स्वयं मानते हैं कि वे काले और बदसूरत हैं, पर अब लोग उन्हें खेलते हुए देखना पंसद करते हैं। वे अपने देश के लिए खेलना पसंद करते हैं। लोग उन्हें घमंडी समझते हैं जबकि ऐसा नहीं है। सेलेब्रिटीज के साथ एक मंच पर बैठना अच्छा लगता है। राष्ट्रपति से मिलते समय अपने खास होने का अनुभव हुआ। अनेक अभिनेताओं-जैकी श्रॉफ, नाना पाटेकर, प्रेम चोपड़ा, अभिनेत्री रेखा भी उनके प्रशंसकों में हैं। जैकी श्रॉफ ने उनका परिचय जूही चावला से कराया और उसकी तारीफ की।

संघर्ष के कराण मैं तुनुकमिज़ाज हो गया धनराज शब्दार्थ

साक्षात्कार = आमने-सामने बातचीत (Interview)। विस्मय = हैरानी (Surprise)। कष्टसाध्य मुश्किलों भरा (Difficult) धीरज = धैर्य (Patience)। दबदबा = रौब (Control)। हिंसक = हिंसा करने वाला (Violence)। संघर्ष = टक्कर लेना (Struggle)। भावुक = भावनाओं में बहने वाला (Emotional)। विनम्रता = नरमी के साथ (With humbly)। कृत्रिम = बनावटी (Artificial)। शोहरत = प्रसिद्धि (Fame)। आर्थिक = धन संबंधी (Financial)। उत्साहित = उत्साह में भर जाना (Excited)। फैन = प्रशंसक (Fan)

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

HBSE 7th Class History New Kings and Kingdoms Years Textbook Questions and Answers

HBSE 7th Class History Chapter 2 Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

New Kings and Kingdoms HBSE 7th Class History Question 2.
Who were the parties involved in the tripartite struggle?
Answer:
Palas-Rashtrakutas and Pratiharas were the parties involved in the tripartite struggle.

HBSE 7th Class History New Kings and Kingdoms Question 3.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a ‘member of a committee of Sabha in the Chola empire?
Answer:
Qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the Sabha in the Chola Empire:
(a) Prominent Brahamanas landlords.
(b) His name must have been selected when a young boy picks up the ticket of the eligible members from each committee.

Question 4.
What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas ?
Answer:
Delhi and Ajmer were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Answer:
(a) In the mid-8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, killed his Chalukyan king.
(b) He also performed hirany,a-garbha ritual, after which he was thought to have taken “rebirth” as a Kshatriya.
(c) Thus, he established the Rashtrakuta dynasty in Deccan.

Question 6.
What did the new dynasty do to gain acceptance?
Answer:
The new dynasties performed holy rituals with the help of Brahmanas in order to gain acceptance. For example, hiranya- garbha ritual performed by low caste Dantidurga the Rashtrakuta chief.

Question 7.
What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
The following kinds of irrigation works developed in the Tamil Nadu:
(a) In the delta regions canals were constructed to carry water to the fields.
(b) In some areas, well were dug.
(c) In other places, huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.

Question 8.
What were the activities associated with Chola temples?
Answer:
The activities associated with the temples were:
(a) Chola temples were the nuclei of settlement which grew around them.
(b) Temples were the centre of the craft production.
(c) Temples were endowed with the land of the rulers as well as by others. The produce of the land went to maintain all the specialist who worked at the temple.
(d) Temples were not only the places of worship, they were the hub of social, culture and economic life.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Look at map once more and find out whether there were any kingdoms in the state in which you life.

Answer:
I am living in Delhi and it was ruled by Chauhanas dynasty between 11th and 12th century. Their most famous ruler was Prithviraja Chauhan.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare the temple shown in this chapter with any present-day temple in your neighbourhood, highlighting any similarities and differences that you notice.
Answer:
Try in the classroom with the help of your teacher
(Hint: Write the salient features of the temples discussed in this chapter and compare with the temple of your locality.)

Question 12.
Find out more about taxes that are collected at present. Are these in cash, kind or labour services?
Answer:
Land tax, property tax, water tax, tax on electricity, tax on buying and selling are the examples of the taxes collected at present. They are paid in cash.

Question 13.
Locate the Gujara- Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas and Chahamanas (Chauhans). Can you identify the present day states over which they exercised control?
Answer:
The following table shows the present-day states over which they exercised Control:
Table

Question 14.
Do you think being born as a Kshatriya was important in order to become a ruler during this period?
Answer:
No, it was not important to be born as a Kshatriya in order to become a ruler during this period. This is because any lower caste person could oyer throw rulers and become king by performing rituals with the help of Brahmanas. For example, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief became king by killing Chalukya ruler and by performing ritual.

Question 15.
(i) Are any such taxes (as Vetti, Kadamai etc.) collected today?
Answer:
Only a few of such taxes are collected today. For example, land revenue.

(ii) In what ways was this form of administration different from the present-day system?
Answer:
In the present-day administrative system, there are no such kings who claim high sounding titles and share power with Samantas, peasants, traders and Brahmanas. Today, we live in a democratic, republic administrative system in which the ruler is elected by the general people who is the first servant of public.

Question 16.
See if you can find some of the areas mentioned in the inscription of Map 1. Other rulers made similar claims as well. Why do you think they made these claims?
Answer:
The other rulers, who made such claims, also wanted to be presented as valiant, victorious warriors.

Question 17.
List all the possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription, and discuss how these might have been used.
Answer:
(a) The possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription are: waterland, wells, canals, ditches, rivers, siltladen land, tanks, fishponds and deep lakes.

(b) These irrigation sources might have been used to water small and large tracts of land as per their suitability of providing amount of water to that track of land.

Question 18.
(i) Look at Map 1 and suggest reasons why these rulers wanted to control Kanauj and the Ganga valley.
Answer:
(a) Kanauj lied on the bank of river Ganga. ft was the most fertile land as the irrigation water was readily available from river Ganga.
(b) It also enjoyed the most central position in the sub-continent
(c) Also control of river waters resulted in the navigation which was most essential for inland and international trades.

(ii) Look at Map 1 again and discuss why the Chaha-manas may have wanted to expand their territories.
Answer:
(a) The dynasty of Chahamanas enjoyed the central position in the subcontinent. It, therefore may have wanted to expand its territories in all the directions.

(b) It also must have enjoyed enormous resources needed for the expansion of territories, as their domain lied in the fertile land irrigated by the waters of Yamuna and Ganga rivers.

(c) Therefore, it must have been the wealthiest of all the neighbouring dynasties. And a wealthy king can only think of wedging a war against its neighbours.

Question 19.
How did the Cholas rise to power?
Answer:
(a) Vijayalaya, a Chola chief from Uraiyur captured the Kaveri delta from a Samanta (subordinate) of Pallava king.
(b) He gradually conquered neighbour-ing regions and thus established Chola kingdom by defeating Pallava and Pandya kings.
(c) The Chola kingdom was consolidated under Rajaraja I and his son Rajendra I.

Question 20.
How as the administration organised?
Answer:
The Chola administration was organised in the village councils and Nadu, groups of peasant villages. Nadu worked under the supervision of Central Chola government, which was controlled by Chola kings.

Question 21.
(i) Do you think women participated in these assemblies? In your view are lotteried useful in choosing members of committees?
Answer:
(a) No, I don’t think women participated in these assemblies.
(b) Lottery system is often use in choosing members of committees. But in my view, elections are the best way to do so.

(ii) Were there any Brahmanas in this hamlet?
Answer:
No, there were no Brahmanas in this hamlet.

(iii) Describe all the activities that were taking place in the village.
Answer:
These activities were as under:
(i) Little chickens wee moving around.
(ii) Dark children, who wore black iron bracelets, were prancing about
(iii) Babies of females labourers were sleeping in the shades of marudu (Arjuna) trees
(iv) Pulaiya women were singing as they were husking paddy.

(iv) Why do you think temple inscriptions ignore these activities?
Answer:
The temple inscriptions ignored these activities because:
(a) These activities were of low caste or outcaste people
(b) Brahmanas, always wanted to praise their partons through temple inscription and they always showed down the low caste people.

Question 22.
In what ways was this system different from those prevalent in the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
People were not recuited through examination in the administrative system of Indian subcontinent. The Samantas associations of peasants, traders and artisans were generally given administrative responsibilities in Indian subcontinent. Imagine

Question 23.
You are present in an election for a sabha. Describe what you see and hear.
Answer:
(a) In a sabha election, there are various voices which are put down when the nominations for the election are announced.
(b) The paper is distributed for the names of candidates to be written on it.
(c) A young boy is called upon and asked to take out one slip from the box, in which all slips, with the names of candidates were put in.
(d) The name of the selected candidate is announced and everyone congratulates him.

HBSE 7th Class History New Kings and Kingdoms Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Kalhana?
Answer:
Kalhana was a Kashmiri historian of 12th century. He composed a long Sanskrit poem on rulers of Kashmir.

Question 2.
Who wrote a Kitab-al-Hind?
Answer:
The Arabic scholar Al-Biruni wrote the Kitab-al-Hind. He consulted Sanskrit scholars to prepare this account.

Question 3.
Who built the town of Thanjavur?
Answer:
The Chola chief Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudini there.

Question 4.
Which famous inscription gives details of Chola administration?
Answer:
The inscription from Uttaramerur, in Chingleput district, Tamil Nadu, gives details of Chola administration.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the high sounding titles of medieval rulers.
Answer:
The medieval rulers claimed the titles such as Maharaja-adhiraja (great king, over lord of kings), tribhuvan-chakravartin (lord of the three worlds and so on).

Question 2.
Who was Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
Answer:
Mahmud of Ghazni was an Afghani ruler who raided the subcontinent temples, including Somnath, Gujarat, during early 11th century.

Question 3.
Who was Rajendra I?
Answer:
Rajendra I was a great Chola ruler, son of Rajendra I expanded Chola rule in Ganga Valley, Sri Lanka and countries of southeast Asia.

Question 4.
From where were resources collected in medieval states of subcontinent?
Answer:
The medieval states of subcontinent collected resources from:
(a) the producers: peasant, cattle-keepers and artisans.
(b) land revenue.
(c) taxes from traders and merchants.

Question 5.
How did Kalhana write the history of rulers of Kashmir?
Answer:
Kalhana used a variety of sources, including inscriptions, documents, eyewitness accounts and earlier histories to write his account.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did the Cholas rise to power?
Answer:
(a) Vijayalaya a Chola chief from Uraiyur, captured the Kaveri delta from the Muttaraiyar (Samanta of Pallava king) in the middle of the 19th century.
(b) He gradually conquered neighbouring regions and thus established Chola kingdom by defeating Pallava and Pandya kings.
(c) The Chola kingdom was consolidated under Rajaraja I and his son Rajendra I.

Map Time

Question 1.
On the outline map of India, show the following areas of the Chola kingdom:
(i) Madurai
(ii) Thanjavur
(iii) Gangaikonda Cholapuram
(iv) Kanchi
Answer:

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Dynasty: A succession of rulers in .one line of descent.
• Tripartite struggle: Struggle for supremacy among Palas; Pratihars and Rashtrakutas is known as tripartite struggle.
• Feudatories: Feudal states were known as Feudatories.
• Kingdom: A union of states.
• Revenue: The tax traders had to pay to their lords.
• Samantas: The subordinates of kings or overlords who used to brin£ gifts for their kings or overloads.
• Sabha: The assembly of Brahmanas.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 Rulers and Buildings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 Rulers and Buildings

HBSE 7th Class History Rulers and Buildings Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Rulers And Buildings Class 7 HBSE Question 1.
How is the ‘Trabeate’ principle of architecture, different from the ‘arcuate’?
Answer:
‘Trabeate’ principle of architecture is different from the ‘arcuate’ principle in the following way:
(a) In ‘trabeate’ principle, a horizontal beam is placed across two vertical columns and roofs, doors and windows were made.

(b) In ‘acruate’ style of architecture, the weight of the superstructure above the door and window was carried by arch.

Rulers And Buildings Class 7 Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
What is Shikhara?
Answer:
Shikhara is the pyramid structure on the central shrine of the temple.

Rulers And Buildings Class 7 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 3.
What is Pietra Dura?
Answer:
Pietra Dura is the inlays that depicted the legendary Greek God Orpheus playing the lute. They are coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone creating beautiful ornate pattern.

Class 7 Rulers And Buildings HBSE Question 4.
What was the element of a Mughal Chahar Bagh garden?
Answer:
The elements of a Mughal Chahar Bagh (garden).

• They were placed with in rectangular walled enclosures.
• They were divided into quarter by artificial channels.
• Divided into four equal quarters.
• Symmetry in the four divisions.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Class 7 History Rulers And Buildings HBSE Question 5.
How did a temple communicate the importance of a king?
Answer:
Temples were also meant to demonstrate the power, wealth and devotion and parton by the ruler.
(a) The names of the ruler and the god were similar, for example:
Rajarajeshvara temple was built by the king Rajarajadeva for the worship of his god, Rajarajeshvaram.
(b) Temple was the miniature model of the world ruled by the king and his allies.
(c) The other lesser dieties in the temple were gods and goddesses of the allies and subordinates of the ruler.

Rulers And Buildings HBSE 7th Class Question 6.
An inscription in Shahjahan’s diwan-i-khas in Delhi stated: “If there is Paradise on Earth; it is here, it is here, it is here.” How was this image created?
Answer:
Diwan-i-khas was designed in such a way that different elements of Mughal architecture were fused together in a grand harmonious synthesis. It was carefully planned. This image was created as a result of his marvellous architectural skill. It was created by provided all the possible facilities to the subjects (people) by the king.

Class 7 History Chapter 5 HBSE Question 7.
How did the Mughal Court suggest that everyone-the rich and the poor, the powerful and the weak received justice equally from the emperor.
Answer:
(a) Behind emperor’s throne were a series of pietra dura inlays that depicted the legendary Greek God Orpheus playing the lute.
(b) It was believed the Orpheus’s music could calm ferocious beasts until they co¬existed together peaceably.
(c) This image communicated that the king’s justice would treat high and the low as equal which create a world where all could live together in harmony.

Question 8.
What role did the Yamuna play in the layout of the Mughal city at Shahjahanabad?
Answer:
The river Yamuna played a crucial role in the layout of the Mughal city at Shahjahanabad in the following ways:
(a) The imperial place commanded the river front. Only specially favoured noble were given access to the river.
(b) Ordinary people had to construct their home in the city away from the river.
(c) Taj Mahal was also constructed on the left edge of this river.
(d) In Agra at Taj Mahal, white marble mausoleum was place on terrace by the edge of the river as the garden was to its south.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
The rich and the powerful construct large houses today. In what ways were constructions of kings and their courtriers different in the past.
Answer:
The constructions of the kings and their courtiers in the past were different from the construction of large houses by the rich and the powerful.
The constructions of the kings and their courtiers had the safety and security as their major consideration. The houses of the kings and their coutriers had big courtyards, thick walls and huge walls. This constructions were generally surrounded by water bodies.
Today, the constructions of the rich and the powerful are quite different. They have less open areas and meet mainly individual requirements.

Question 10.
Look at picture. How could that building be constructed faster today?
Answer:

The building could be constructed faster today with the help of latest tools and advanced skills.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out whether there is a statue of or a memorial to a great person in your village or town. Why was it placed there? What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
Try to find out any memorial surrounding you and write a note on it:
Why it was established?
Where it was situated?
Who was the founder?
What is its significance?

Question 12.
Visit and describe any park or garden in your neighbourhood. In what ways is it similar to or different from the gardens of the Mughals?
Answer:
Discuss it with your class teacher in the class room. (Hint: Throw light on Chahar Bhagh and its significance)

HBSE 7th Class History Rulers and Buildings Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are ‘tombs’ referred to?
Answer:
Tombs are safe, protected and grandiose places of rest in this world and the next.

Question 2.
Which style of construction was used in the construction of temples, mosques, tombs attacked to large- stepped wells, between the seventh and tenth century?
Answer:
‘Trabeate’ style of construction was used in the construction of temples, mosque, tombs between seventh and tenth century.

Question 3.
What were the temples and mosques meant to demonstrate?
Answer:
The temples and mosques were meant to demonstrate the power, wealth and prayer.

Question 4.
Why did the king Rajarajesh- wara take the god’s name?
Answer:
The king took the god’s name because it was auspicious and he wanted to appear like a god.

Question 5.
What was qibla?
Answer:
The pedestal on which Shahjhan’s throne was placed was frequently described as the qibla.

Question 6.
What was special about the city of Agra?
Answer:
Agra city was special because nobility had constructed their homes in the city on the banks of the river Yamuna.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did Shahjahan adapt the river front garden while laying out the Taj Mahal?
Answer:
While laying out the Taj Mahal, Shahjahan adapted the river-front garden. The white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south. Shahjahan developed this architectural form as a means to control the access that nobles had jto’the river.

Question 2.
Who were given access to the river-front by Shahjahan?
Answer:
In the city of Shahjahanabad, the imperial palace constructed the river front. Only specially favoured nobles like his eldest son Dara Shukoh were given access to the river. All others had to construct their homes in the city away from river Yamuna.

Question 3.
What were the special features of Humayun’s tomb?
Answer:
The special features of Humayun’s tomb were:
(a) The central towering dome and the tall gateway known as pishtaq became important aspects of Mughal architecture. This tomb structure was first visible in Humayun’s tomb.
(b) The tomb was placed in the centre of a huge Chahar Bagh and built in the tradition known as ‘eight paradises’ a central hall surrounded by eight rooms
(c) The building was constructed with red sandstone, edge with white marble.

Question 4.
How did the Pandaya king Shrimara Shrivallabh loot the temples when he invaded Sri Lanka and defeated the king?
Answer:
Shrimara Shrivallabh removed all the valuables from the temple like the status of the Buddha made entirely of gold in the jewel places and the golden images in the various monastries.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the significance of temples, mosques and tanks?
Answer:
Temples and mosques were the places of worship. They were beautifully constructed.

• They demonstrated the power, wealth and devotion of the patron.
• The name of the ruler and the god were very similar. For example: Rajarajeshvara temple was built by Jong Rajarajadeva for the worship of his God, Rajarajeshvaram. Through the rituals of worship in temple one God, Rajarajeshvaram.
• The kings constructed the largest of the temples.
• The temple was a miniature model of the world.
• They worshipped their dieties together in the royal temples as if they brought the just rule of the Gods on earth.

Question 2.
Explain the beginning of the reign of Shahjahan at Agra.
Answer:
In the beginning of his reign, Shahjahan’s capital was at Agra. It is a city where the nobility had constructed their homes on the banks of the river Yamuna. They were set in the midst of formal gardens constructed in the Chahar Bagh format. The Chahar Bagh garden was also desribd the river front garden. In this the dwelling was not located in the middle of the Chahar Bagh at its edge, close to the bank of the river.

Shahjahan took the river front garden in the layout of the Taj Mahal. It was the grandest architectural accomplishment of his reign. Here the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and garden was to its south.

Question 3.
Who all were involved in the construction of Qutab Minar? Describe the main architectural styles adopted.
Answer:
The Qutab Minar is five storeys high. The first floor was constructed by Qutabuddin Aybak and the ret by Iltutmish around 1229. Over the years it was damaged by lighting and earthquakes and repaired by Alauddin. Khilji, Muhammad Tughluq, Firuz Shah Tughluq and Ibrahim Lodhi. Architectural Styles of Qutab Minar

• Qutab Minar has a pattern under the balcony by the small arches and geometrical designs.
• It has two banks of inscriptions under the balcony.
• The surface of the minar is curved and angular. Placing an inscription on such a surface required great precision. Only the most skilled craftsperson could perform this task.

Rulers and Buildings Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Superstructure: The part of a building above the ground floor.
• Pietra Dura: Coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone creating beautiful, ornate patterns.
• Gopuram: The gateway of the temple.
• Shikhara: A spire like structure over the central shrine of a temple.
• Mandapa: A structure setup or constructed in front of the main shrine.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals

HBSE 7th Class English A Gift of Chappals Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension Check

A Gift Of Chappals Word Meaning HBSE 7th Class Question 1.
What is the secret that Meena shares with Mridu in the backyard?
Answer:
Meena shares a secret with Mridu. She tells her that they had found a poor cat outside the gate that morning. She wanted to keep this a secret so that Patti does hot go away.

Class 7 Gift Of Chappals Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
How does Ravi get milk for the kitten?
Answer:
Ravi got the milk for himself from Patti. Patti wanted the tumbler back. He pretended did that he would wash it himself. He ran to put the milk in the coconut shell.

A Gift Of Chappals Questions And Answers HBSE 7th Class Question 3.
Who does he say the kitten’s ancestors are? Do you believe him?
Answer:
Kitten’s ancestors were Mahabalipuram Rishi-Cat. No, we do not believe him.

Gift Of Chappals Summary HBSE 7th Class Question 4.
Ravi has a lot to say about M.P.Poonai. This shows that
(i) he is merely trying to impress Mridu.
(ii) his knowledge of history is sound.
(iii) he has a rich imagination.
(iv) he is an intelligent child.
Which of these statements do you agree/ disagree to?
Answer:
(i) he is merely trying to impress Mridu.

A Gift Of Chappals Question Answer Class 7 HBSE Question 5.
What was the noise that startled Mridu and frightened Mahendran?
Answer:
Mridu was started to hear the kreeching sound coming from the window. Mahendran was frightened and in turn tripped a few chillies over himself.

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
The music master is making lovely music. Read aloud the sentence in the text that expresses this idea.
Answer:
“The music-master’s notes seemed to float up and settle perfectly into the invisible tracks of the melody.

Question 2.
Had the beggar come to Rukku Manni’s house for the first time? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, Beggar had not come to Rukku Manni’s house for the first time. Mother was heared telling Ravi to send the beggar away as he had been coming every day for the past week. She wanted him to find another to beg from.

Question 3.
“A sharp Y-shaped line had formed between her eyebrows.” What does it suggest to you about Rukku Manni’s mood?
Answer:
Rukku Manni was very angry at the disappearance of Music master’s chappal. She could make out that children had played a trick.

Working With The Text

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(i) Ravi compares Lalli’s playing the violin to
(ii) Trying to hide beneath the tray of chillies, Mahendran
(iii) The teacher played a few notes on his violin, and Lalli
(iv) The beggar said that the kind ladies of the household
(o) After the lesson was over, the music teacher asked Lalli if
Answer:
(i) derailing the train all the time
(ii) tipped a few chillies over himself
(iii) stumbled behind him on her violin
(iv) are very kind soul. I have kept my body and soul together on their gen-erosity for a whole work
(v) If she had seen his chappals as he had reminded having kept them there.

Question 2.
Describe the music teacher, as seen from the window.
Answer:
The music master appeared to be a bony figure. He had a bold head with a tringe of oiled black hair falling around his ears. A gold chain gleamed on his leathery neck and diamond ring glittered on his hand. He was beating the floor with his big toe.

Question 3.
(i) What makes Mridu conclude that the beggar has no money to buy chappals?
(ii) What does she suggest to show her concern?
Answer:
(i) Mridu concludes that beggar has no money to buy the chappal because even when sun is so hot, he is walking bare footed. His bare feet have got large blisters.
(ii) Mridu was very’ worried and suggested that old looking chappal’s lying in the verandah could be given to the beggar.

Question 4.
“Have you children…” she began, and then, seeing they were curiously quiet, went on more slowly, “seen anyone lurking around the verandah?”
(i) What do you think Rukku Manni really wanted to ask?
(ii) Why did she change her question?
(iii) What did she think had happened?
Answer:
(i) Rukku Mani wanted to ask the Children Ravi, Mridu and Meena if they had stolen the Chappal.
(ii) She changed the question when She saw them to be curiously quiet.
(iii) She thought that some stranger might have stolen the Chappal.

Question 5.
On getting Gopu Mama’s chappals, the music teacher tried not to look too happy. Why?
Answer:
The music teacher tried not to look too happy as he wanted to show that he was angry with the behaviour of the naughty children.

Question 6.
On getting a gift of chappals, the beggar vanished in a minute. Why was he in such a hurry to leave?
Answer:
The beggar had been coming to the house for a week; His feet had got blisters due to hot sun. So he disappeared at once on getting the chappals as he did not want to loose the chappals.

Question 7.
Walking towards the kitchen.with Mridu and Meena, Rukku Manni began to laugh. What made her laugh?
Answer:
Ruku Mani began to laught at the thought of that how would her husband react on knowing that she gave his chappal on knowing that she gave his chappal to the music master.

HBSE 7th Class English A Gift of Chappals Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does Mridu notice when she entered the house?
Answer:
When Mridu entered she noticed a pair of large black slippers. They were covered with dust.

Question 2.
Where had the cat been hidden by the children?
Answer:
The cat had been hidden inside a tom football lined with sacking and filled with sand.

Question 3.
Who had got the milk for the poor kitty and from where?
Answer:
Ravi had got the milk for the poor kitty from the kitchen.

Question 4.
What was the name of the cat?
Answer:
The cat had been named as Mahendravarma Pallava Poonai because it was fine breed of cat.

Question 5.
How did Mahendran land up on the tray of red chillies?
Answer:
When Ravi startled the kitty, he bounced up towards a bamboo tray of red chillies. As, a result he tipped few chillies over himself.

Question 6.
What is the music master’s music compared to?
Answer:
The music master’s notes seemed to float up and moved smoothly into the rails.

Question 7.
How did the beggar try to make himself feel at home?
Answer:
The beggar on reaching the garden, spread the cloth under neem-tree to take a snooze.

Question 8.
What opinion did the beggar form of the ladies of the house?
Answer:
The beggar regarded the ladies of the house to be very generous. They had kept his body and soul together.

Question 9.
How did the beggar win the sympathy of others?
Answer:
The beggar showed his feet to show large link blisters on the soles of his bare feet. This made the people of the house to show concern.

Question 10.
Whose slippers was beggar given to wear?
Answer:
The beggar was given to wear slippers of the music-master as looked shabby to the children. They were of the right size.

Question 11.
Why did music-master get upset on coming out of the house?
Answer:
The music-master got upset because he could not find his chappals where he had kept them. He had bought them from Mount Road.

Question 12.
Whose chappals were given to music-master?
Answer:
Music-master was given chappals of Gopu Mama. The music master felt happy and cursing the children went away.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How had the cat been made the member of their family?
Answer:
The cat had been found outside the gate. He was kept inside a torn football lined with sack. He was given milk from coconut half-shell. He had been named Mahendran and given milk to drink by Ravi. He was a fine breed of cat.

Question 2.
How has Ravi talked of the cat to be a descendant of a historical character?
Answer:
The full name of the cat was kept to be Mahendravarma Pollava Poonai. Mahendran was believed to have descended from statue at Mahabalipuram. It was a close relative of the Pallava lion, emblem of Pallava dynasty.

Question 3.
Describe the way Lalli was playing violin.
Answer:
Lalli was learning to play violin from her music master. She played in a very awkward manner. The violin was being played like a train whizzing on and on. While playing she produced kreeching sound.The violin looked quite helpless and unhappy in her hands.

Question 4.
Describe the encounter with the beggar.
Answer:
The beggar had entered the garden of the house. He sat under the neem tree on his upper cloth. The beggar was very confident of getting alms there. But to his disappointment, turned sad on knowing that he was being turned out.

The beggar had large blisters on his feet and feared to go in afternoon heat. The children of the house gave him chappals of the music-master to wear.

Question 5.
Describe the search made by music- master for the chappald.
Answer:
The music master had worn a large pair of black slippers. They had been dragged by Ravi in the backyard. When music master came out of the house, he searched for his chappals. He looked over the railing and crouched near the flower pots. Then it was realised that, the chappals had been given to the beggar. Rukku Manni was angry and Gopu Mama’s Chappals were brought to be worn.

Some Other Questions For Examination

Question 1.
How did the cat react when he heard the sound made by Ravi?
Answer:
The cat was frightened to hear Ravi’s sound. Hejumped up withhair standing onend. He rushed towards a bamboo tray of red chillies that had been set out to dry. He tipped afew chillies over himself when he was tryingto hide beneath it.

Question 2.
Where had the cat been hidden by the children?
Answer:
The cat had been hidden inside a torn football lined with sacking and filled with sand.

Question 3.
What is the music master’s music compared to?
Answer:
The music master’s notes seemed to float up and moved smoothly into the rails.

Question 4.
What opinion did the beggar form of the ladies of the house?
Answer:
The beggar regarded the ladies of the house to be very generous. They had kept his body and soul together.

Question 5.
How did the beggar win the sympathy of others?
Answer:
The beggar showed his feet to show large pink blisters on the soles of his bare feet. This made the people of the house to show concern.

Question 6.
How did Ravi be fool Tapi?
Answer:
Tapi, the grandmother did not like any kitten. Therefore, Ravi had the kitten in a tom football. One day, Tapi saw Ravi take a glass of milk from the kitchen. She doubted about Ravi’s, mischief. Ravi had to drink the whole milk. Paati knew that Ravi could not drink all the milk. Therefore, she asked Ravi to give the tumbler back. He told her that he would wash the tumbler himself. She got helpless and left for her own house.

Question 7.
Describe the way Lalli was playing violin.
Answer:
Lalli was learning to play violin from her music master. She played in a very awkward manner. The violin was being played like a train whizzing on and on. While playing she produced kreeching sound. The violin looked quite helpless and unhappy in her hands.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
In which city did Mridu live?
(a) Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Chennai
(d) Kolkata
Answer:
(c) Chennai

Question 2.
What was the name of Mridu’s grandfather?
(a) Thatha
(b) Hatha
(c) Katha
(d) Nahatha
Answer:
(a) Thatha

Question 3.
Who was Rukku Manni to Mridu?
(a) mother
(b) friend
(c) aunt
(d) teacher
Answer:
(c) aunt

Question 4.
Where did Mridu take off her slippers?
(а) near a pair of large black slippers
(b) near a pair of red sandals
(c) near the kitten
(d) none of these
Answer:
(а) near a pair of large black slippers

Question 5.
What was the full name of the kitten?
(a) Mahendravika Pallavi Poone
(b) Mahendra Varma Pallavi
(c) Mahendravarma Pallavi Poonai
Answer:
(c) Mahendravarma Pallavi Poonai

Question 6.
‘beringed’means:
(a) lost his ring
(b) is wearing a ring
(c) was wearing a bracelet
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) is wearing a ring

Question 7.
From where had the music master bought the chappals?
(a) Mount Road
(b) Mount Abby
(c) Mount Pavillion
(d) Queen’s Road
Answer:
(a) Mount Road

Make Sentences

Use the following words in sentences of your own:
(а) Whispered
(b) Gleaming
(c) Appeared
(d) Weired
(e) Impressed
Answer:
Sentences:
(а) Whispered: Sukriti whispered the secret into mother’s ears and got relief.
(b) Gleaming: The wedding lounge was gleaming with stars and lights.
(c) Appeared: Suddenly, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
(d) Weired: The traveller looked at the stranger with weired looks.
(e) Impressed: Everybody was impressed with the polite behaviour of bride.

A Gift of Chappals Passages for Comprehension

Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Passage – 1

She set ………… and scrawny.
Questions:
(i) Who is she?
(ii) What are ‘those1 refer to?
(iii) Which two adjectives are used for toe?
(iv) Where is she at the moment?
Answers:
(i) She is Mridu.
(ii) Those refer to large slippers.
(iii) Long and scrawny.
(iv) She has gone to meet her grandmother’s aunt Rukku Manni.

Passage-2

‘We found ……………… a cat.’
Questions:
(i) Who are ‘we’?
(ii) What was kept a secret?
(iii) Who does not want cat in the house?
(iv) Choose a word which means same as “cry of a cat”?
Answers:
(i) We are Lalli, Ravi and Meena.
(ii) Patti was not aware about the possession of the cat in the house.
(iii) Paati did not want the cat in the house.
(iv) ‘Mewing’.

Passage-2

Then she …………… feed Mahendran.’
Questions:
(i) Who is she?
(ii) What did tumbler contain?
(iii) Why was the milk poured into the coconut¬shell?
(iv) Who is Mahendran?
Answers:
(i) She is Patti.
(ii) The tumbler contained milk.
(iii) The milk was poured into the coconut shell so that the kitten could drink the milk.
(iv) Mahendran is the name of the cat.

Passage – 4

‘Think I’m ……….. about history.
Questions:
(i) Name the speaker.
(ii) What had made speaker utter, “Think I’m joking?”
(iii) Why does he make mention of history?
(iv) Choose a word which means opposite of ‘confused’?
Answers:
(i) Ravi is the speaker.
(ii) The speaker uttered so because he spoke very high of cat, of being symbolic of Pallava kings.
(iii) He makes mention of history because he has been to Mahabalipuram.
(iv) Clear.

Passage – 5

Mahendran looked ………….. his wits.
Questions:
(i) Why was Mahendran alarmed?
(ii) For what purpose had the coconut-shell been kept?
(iii) What consequence did M.P. Poonai have to face?
(iv) Choose a word which means ‘surprised’.
Answers:
(i) Mahendran was alarmed by listening to the shriek of Ravi.
(ii) The coconut-shell had been kept to keep milk for Mahendran.
(iii) M.P. Poonai had bounced with tray of chillies and tipped them over himself.
(iv) Alarmed.

A Gift of Chappals Translation in Hindi

Before you read Mridu is …………and Meena.
मृदु एक जवान लड़की है जो मद्रास में (जिसका नाम अब चेन्नई है) अपने दादा थाता तथा दादी तापी के साथ पल-बढ़ रही है, एक दोपहर को तापी उसे अपनी चाची रुकू मनी के घर अपनी चचेरी बहनों तथा भाइयों लाली, रवि और मीना से मिलवाने ले जाती है।

1.A smiling ……………………. and scrawny.
मुस्कराती हुई रुकुमनी ने दरवाजा खोला। रवि और मीना बाहर आए। रवि मनी को घर के अन्दर ले गया। रुको, मुझे मेरी चप्पल उतारने दो मृदु ने प्रतिवाद करते हुए हुए कहा। उसने अपनी चप्पल को एक बड़े काले जोड़े के पास रख दिया। वह मिट्टी के कारण भूरे रंग के लग रहे थे। तुम चप्पल के अगले हिस्से में हर पैर की अंगुली के स्पष्ट चिह्न देख सकते हो। दो बड़ी अँगुलियों के चिह्न लम्बे और अस्पष्ट लग रहे थे।

Word Meaning: Smiling-with a happy look = मुस्कराते हुए, Rushed out-to come out hurriedly = जल्दी से वाहर आना, Protesteddisapproval = प्रतिवाद करना, Dust-sand = मिट्टी, Clear marks–something which can be seen = स्पष्ट चिह्न, Serawny-to scribble = घसीटना, Toe-a digit of the foot = पैर की अंगुली।

2. Mridu didn’t …. ………………… half-shell.
मृदु के पास आश्चर्यचकित होने के लिए और समय नहीं था कि यह किसकी चप्पल है, क्योंकि रवि उसे घर के पिछले आँगन में घने कड़वे बेर (की साड़ी) के पीछे घसीट कर ले गया। वहाँ पर एक फटी फुटबाल के बीच, एक छोटा सा बिल्ली का बच्चा लेटा था जो कि टाट और रेत से भरा हुआ था। वह आधे नारियल के खोल से दूध पी रहा था।

Word Meaning:Wonder-a strange thing = आश्चर्य, Dragged-to pull forcefully = घसीटना, Backyard-open courtyard = आँगन, BitterSorrow = कड़वा, Torn-not intact = फटा हुआ, Lined-outline = Hita, Sacking–material for making sacs etc. = बोरा बनाने का टाट, Lapping– licking = चाटना।

3. ‘We found …………………………….. a cat.’
‘आज सुबह हमने उसे गेट के बाहर पाया। वह बेचारा म्याऊँ-म्याऊँ कर रहा था’, मीना ने कहा। “यह एक रहस्य है। अम्मा कहती है कि पाटी पाडू मामा का घर छोड़ जाएगी अगर उसे पता चलेगा कि हमारे पास बिल्ली है।”

Word Meaning: Mewing-Sound of cát = बिल्ली की बोली- म्याऊँ-म्याऊँ करना, Secret-hidden from other = गुप्ता

4. ‘People are……………………… the scent.
लोग हमें हमेशा जानवरों के साथ दयावान बने रहने को कहते हैं पर जब हम ऐसा करते हैं तो वह चीखते हैं,”ओ, उसे गन्दी….. .. चीज़ को यहाँ मत लाओ!” रवि ने कहा। “क्या तुम जानते हो कि रसोई से थोड़ा सा दूध लाना कितना मुश्किल है। पाटी ने मुझे अभी हाथ में गिलास के साथ देखा। मैंने उसे कहा कि मुझे बहुत भूख लगी है। मैं इसे पीना चाहता हूँ, पर जिस तरह से उसने मुझे देखा, मुझे उसके आभास को से दूर करने के लिए सारा पीना पड़ा।

Word Meaning: Kind-pleasant = दयालु, Scream–to shout loudly = चीखना, Creature = प्राणी, Scent-smell = सुगन्ध, आभास।

5. Then she………………feed Mahendran.’
तब वह गिलास वापस लेना चाह रही थी। पाटी, पाटी मैं इसे अपने आप धो लूँगा, मैं तुम्हें कष्ट क्यों हूँ, मैंने उससे कहा । मुझे दौड़ना पड़ा और मैंने दूध को नारियल के खोल में डाल दिया। और फिर मैंने दौड़ कर गिलास धो दिया और इसे वापस रख दिया। अब हमें महेन्द्रन को खाना देने का अलग तरीका सोचना है।”

Word Meaning: Wanted-wish = इच्छा, Tumbler-glass = गिलास, Trouble-difficult = मुश्किल, Pour-to put = डालना, Suspicious-to have doubt = शक।

6. ‘Mahendran? …………… kitty-cat name.
‘महेन्द्रण? यह बिल्ली के बच्चे का नाम है. मृदु बहुत प्रभावित हुआ। यह वास्तविक नाम था- न कि सिर्फ प्यारी बिल्ली का नाम।

Word Meaning: Impressed–to leave an impression = प्रभावित किया. Cute-pretty = सुन्दर।

7. ‘Actually his …………… Mridu giggled.
वास्तव में उसका पूरा नाम है महेन्द्रवर्मा पल्लव पूनई। संक्षिप्त में एम. पी. पूनई। यह बिल्ली की एक अच्छी नस्ल है। जरा उसके रोयें देखें। शेर की अयाल की तरह है। और क्या तुम जानते हो कि प्राचीन काल में पल्लव राजाओं का प्रतीक क्या था, नहीं जानते? उसने उत्सुकतापूर्वक मृदु की तरफ देखा। मृदु दाँत भींचकर हँसने लगी।

Word Meaning: Actually-Infact = सचमुच में, Breed-race = नस्ल, Fur-Covering to skin = रोएँ, Mane-long hair on neck of animals = अयाल, Emblem-symbol = प्रतीक, Expectantlyhopefully = आशान्वित होकर, Giggled-to laugh in a suppressed manner = दबी हँसी हँसना।

8. ‘Think I’m ……………………. ancient cat.
तुम सोच रहे हो कि मैं मजाक कर रहा हूँ? ठीक है, जरा इंतजार करो। मैं तुम्हें किसी समय दिखाऊँगा। यह बात स्पष्ट है कि तुम इतिहास के बारे में कुछ नहीं जानते हो। उसने रहस्यमय तरीके से पूछा क्या तुम महाबलि- पुरम गए हो। ठीक है जब हमारी कक्षा महाबलिपुरम गई तो मैंने उसके थाता के-थाता के-थाता के-थांता. …. आदि, आदि की प्रतिमा देखी। सच्चाई यह है कि महेन्द्रन उसी प्राचीन बिल्ली से उत्पन्न हुई है।

Word Meaning: Joking-with joke = मसखरापन, Mysteriously-obscure = गुप्त रूप से, Statue-Cast image of a person = प्रतिमा, Descended to be transmitted from = वंशक्रम, Ancient-belong to past inheritance = प्राचीन।

9.Aclose……………………. ancient Egypt!’
एक पास का रिश्तेदार अगर वैज्ञानिक तरीके से देखें तो शेर के अलावा और कोई नही है। पल्लव शेर, पल्लव राजवंश के प्रतीक। रति टहनी को ऊपर नीचे हिलाते हुए आँखों में चमक के साथ बेर की, झाड़ियों के चारों तरफ घूमता रहा। यह बिल्ली महाबलिपुरम की शृषि-बिल्ली की वंशज के अलावा कोई नहीं है। और अगर मैं तुम्हें सिर्फ याद दिलाऊँ तो वे लोग प्राचीन मिश्र में बिल्ली की पूजा करते थे।

Word Meaning:Relative-blood relation = fender, Scientifically–Related to law of science = वैज्ञानिक रूप से, Emblem-symbol = प्रतीकात्मक, Dynasty-a line of succession of kings = 109. Waving-to shake = हिलाना. Twig-branch of a tree = टहनी. Sparkling-shining = चमक , Remind—-to remember – याद दिलाना, Worshipped-to pray’ = पूजा करना, Ancient— Belong to past = प्राचीन।

10. llow he ……………… Mridu demanded.
वह किसी तरह से अपनी आवाज से प्यार करता था! मीना और मृदु ने एक दूसरे की तरफ देखा। “इस बात का किसी भी चीज से क्या मतलब है?” मृदु ने पूछा

Word Meaning: Exchanged–to change with each other = बदलना, Demanded-to ashed for forcefully = जोर से पूछा।

11. ‘luh! …………………………………….’So?’
‘हूँ! मैं बता रहा हूँ यह बिल्ली मिश्र की भगवान बिल्ली की वंशज है…. नहीं, देवी ! बसटट। या ! यही, बात है। इसलिए?’

Word Meaning: Descended-Sprung from ancestors = वशज।

12. ‘Well, one…………………. with himself.
‘ठीक है वह बिल्ली उस देवी की वंशज है जो कि पल्लव जहाज में छिपकर यात्रा करती थी। और उसके वंशज महाबलिपुरम की ऋषि-बिल्ली थी, जिसकी वंशज है, रवि ने टहनी को महेन्द्रन की तरफ दिखाया- ‘एम.पी. पूनई यहाँ’ वह अपने पर बहुत खुश होकर जोर से चिल्लाया।

Word Meaning: Stowaway-one who hides himself in a ship for securig a free passage = वह जो सुरक्षित यात्रा करने के लिए जहाज में अपने को छिपा लेता है, Shrieked-to shout = चीखना, Pleased-very happy = खुश हुआ, Flourished-toprosper = फलनाफुलना, Twig-branch to tree = टहनी, Whoop-war-cry = गरजना।

13. Mahendran ……………………… his wits.
महेन्द्रन ने चौंक कर ऊपर देखा। वह उस समय अपने पंजों को नारियल के खोल के किनारे से तेज कर रहा था। पर रवि की भयंकर वूपईक …. से क्रीच …. की आवाज थी जो खिड़की से आ रही थी। कितनी अजीब आवाज! अगर मृदु आश्चर्यचकित हो जाती, एम. पी. पूनई अपनी समझ से बहुत अधिक डर गई।

Word Meaning: Alarmed To arouse = चौका देना, Sharpening-Sensitive = कर्कश, Claws-thorry nail of a beast = पंजा. Edge-end = किनारा. Worse-very bad = बुरा. Awful-dreadful = भयंकर. Weird-strange = अजोब. Startledsurprised = हैरान, Frightened-afraid = डर. Wits-brain- समझा

14. Flair standing …… howled miserably.
उसके बाल एक ओर खड़े हो गए। वह उछल कर लाल मिर्च से भरी ट्रे जो सूखने के लिए रखी गई थी से टकरा गई। अपने आपको उसके नीचे छिपाने के लिए, उसने अपने ऊपर कुछ लाल मिर्च गिरा ली। वह दुःखी मन से चिल्लाई ‘भ्याऊँ-म्याऊँ’।

Word Meaning: Bounced-Tolenock = उछल पड़ना, Seurried-Hurriedly = जल्दी-जल्दी, Bamboo-akind of tropical grass = बांस, Hidenot to be seen = छिपना, Beneath-below = नीचे, Tipped-Over spread = उलट लेना, Howled-To shout loudly = चिल्लाना, Miserably-In poor condition = दुखभरी।

15. The ‘kreeching’ …………… said Mridu.
Kreech kreech ……………. musical scale.
That’s Lalli ………………………..grunted Ravi.
“क्रीचिंग’ की आवाज जारी रही। मृदु ने कहा कि “वह आवाज कैसी है?”
‘क्रीच, क्रौच, क्रीच’। यह आवाजें दर्दनाक संगीतमय ताल में आने लगीं। रवि ने गुर्राते हुए कहा, “वह लाली सारंगी सीखने की कोशिश कर रही है।”

Word Meaning: Kreeching = एक तरह की आवाज, Painfully-full of pain = दर्दनाक, Grunted-A harsh sound like hogs = गुर्राते हुए, Violin-a musical instrument = arriti

16. ‘She’ll never ………………….. off track!
‘वह कभी भी कुछ नहीं सीख लेगी। संगीत का गुरु एक रेलगाड़ी की सनसनाहट की तरह ही बजाता रहता है जबकि लाली पूरे समय पटरी से उतरने की कोशिश करती रहती है। पूरी तरह से पटरी से उतर गई।

Word Meaning: Whizzing-A hissing sound = सनसनाहट, Derailing-togooff the rails = पटरी से उतरना।

17.Mriduerept ……………… music-master.
मृदु रेंगती हुई खिड़की के पास गई। लाली कुछ दूरी पर सारंगी और प्रत्यन्चे को गद्देपन से लेकर बैठी थी। उसकी कुहनी बढ़ी हुई और उसकी आँखें एकाग्रता से घूर रही थी। उसके सामने उसके संगीत के अध्यापक अपनी पीठ खिड़की की ओर करके बैठे हुए थे।

Word Meaning: Crept-to move slowly = रंगा. Awkwardly-In a embarassing manor = भद्दापन से. Elbows-jount part of arm = कुहनी. Jutting-a projecting point = बढ़ा हुआ कांना Glazed-to look continuously = भरना. Concentration-bringing to common point = एकाग्रता. Bony figure-very weak = कमजोर. Bowstring-string used in a bow = प्रत्यन्चा, कमानी।

18. lle had ……………………………. big toe.
उनका अधिकांश सिर गंजा था। कुछ चिकने काले बाल कानों के चारों तरफ लटक रहे थे और पुराने नमूने के गुच्छे की तरह प्रतीत हो रहे थे। उसकी चमड़े जैसी गर्दन पर सोने की चेन चमक रही थी। जब उनका हाथ सारंगी पर चल रहा होता।, तो एक हीरे की अगूंठी उनकी अंगुली पर बहुत चमक रही होती थी। उनका पैर सुनहरी पट्टी वाली पोशाक से बाहर दृष्टिगत हो रहा था। वह लगातार अपने बड़े पैर के अंगूठे को जमीन पर घसीटते हुए मार रहे थे।

Word Meaning: Bald-without hair on head = गंजा, Fringe-Trimming of longing thread = किनारा, Tuft-cluster of soft object = गुच्छा , Gleamed-shine = चमकना. Glittered-alot of shine = चमकता हुआ, Glided tomore smoothly = धीरे-धीरे सरकना. Scrawny-to scribble = घसीटना, Fashioned-Pattern = चाल-ढाला.

19. Heplayed ………………… lovely music.
उन्होंने कुछ स्वर बजाए। लाली उनके पीछे अपनी सारंगी पर गिर गई जो उसके हाथों में असमर्थ और नाखुश लग रही थी। कितना फर्क था? संगीत के गुरुजी के स्वर तैरते हुए महसूस हो रहे थे और पूर्ण रूप से मधुर आवाज के अदृश्य ताल में सुचारू रूप से बैठ रहे थे। जब रवि ने कहा कि यह स्वर इस प्रकार से आ रहे थे जैसे कि रेल की पटरी पर रेल बिल्कुल ठीक रूप से सनसनाहट से निकल जाती है। मृदु उस बड़ी अंगूठी वाले हाथ को घूरने लगा जो बिना किसी प्रयास के सारंगी पर चल रहा था और बहुत मधुर संगीत निकल रहा था।

Word Meaning: Stumbled-tofall = गिर जाना, llelpless-in a restless situation = असमर्थ, Floatup-todrifton water = तैरते हुए. Invisiblynot seen = अदृश्य, Melody-Suweet sound = मृदुल आवाज, Whizzing-ahissing sound = सनसनाहट, Stared-to look continuously = घूरना, Effortlessly-withouteffort = बिना प्रयास के।

20. Squawk! ……………………… ‘Amma-oh!’ ‘Ravi, …………………………………… to Tapi.
चीख। वह लाली फिर से पटरी से उतर रही है। “अम्मा” गेट से जोर से आवाज आई. “अम्मा-ओह।”
“रवि उस भिखारी को यहाँ स भेज दो!” माँ पिछल आँगन से चिल्लाई, जहाँ वह टापी से बात कर रही थी। वह पिछले सप्ताह से यहाँ हर रोज आ रहा है और अब उसको भीख मांगने के लिए दूसरा घर ढूँढेंना चाहिए! पाती नं टापी को समझाया।

Word Meaning: Derailing-to make the train leave the track = पटरी से उतरना, Chattingto talk – यातचीता

21. Mridu and ……………………. beg from!’
मृदु और मीना ने रवि का बाहर तक पीछा किया। भिखारी बगीचे में पहुंच चुका था और अपने आप को काफी सुरक्षित महसूस कर रहा था। उसने अपने ऊपर के कपड़े को नीम के पेड़ के नीचे फैला दिया और पेड के तने का सहारा लेकर बैठा था। ऐसा लग रहा था कि जैसे भिक्षा के इंतजार में प्रकट हुआ हो। “जाओ!” रवि ने कठोरता से कहा। “मेरी पाटी कहती हैं कि अब समय आ गया है कि तुम दूसरा घर भीख मांगने के लिए ढूँढ लो!”

Word Meaning: Leaning-inclination = झुकाव, Apparently-seeming = प्रत्यक्ष, Snooxeto take the day short sleep during the day = झपकी लेना, Alms-Relief given to the poor = भिक्षादान लेना. Sternly-harshly = कठोरता से।

22. The beggar …………………… me away.
भिखारी ने अपनी आँखें खोली और बच्चों को एक-एक करके घूरने लगा। “इस घर की महिलायें, उसने भावनापूर्ण आवाज में कहा, बहुत दयालु आत्माएँ हैं। मैंने अपने शरीर और आत्मा को पूरे सप्ताह से उनकी उदारता पर रखा है। मैं विश्वास नहीं कर सकता कि वह मुझे निकाल देंगी।

Word Meaning: Gazed-to look continously = लगातार देखना. Choked-to suffocateगला घोटना, Generosity-nobility of mind = उदारता।

23. He raised ………… with betel-chewing.
24. ‘Ravi, tell ……………………….. fed-up.
Ravi didn’t………………………. and sighed.
“रवि उसे बताओ कि रसोई में कुछ नहीं बचा!” रूकूमनी ने कहा ‘और वह दुबारा न आए उससे कह दो!’ वह बहुत हताश लग रही थी। . रवि को यह सब भिखारी के सामने दुहराना नहीं पड़ा। उसकी माँ ने नीम के पेड़ के नीचे जो कहा वह उन सबके लिए सुनना आसान था। भिखारी बैठ गया और उसने आह भरी।

Word Meaning: Sounded-sensation perceived by the ear = कोलाहल. Repeat-to say again = दुहराना,Sighed-speakina sod voice = आह।

25. Tilgo,…………………………. bare feet.
“मैं जा रहा हूँ, मैं जा रहा हूँ!” उसने थके अन्दाज में कहा ‘मुझे सिर्फ इस पेड़ के नीचे आराम करने दो। बहुत गर्मी है और सड़क पर तारकोल पिघला हुआ है। मेरे पैरों में पहले से ही छाले पड़ गए हैं।’ उसने गुलाबी रंग के छिले हुए छाले दिखाने के लिए अपने नंगे पैर के तलुए आगे बढ़ाए।

Word Meaning: Wearily-tired = थके हुए. Melted-to become liquid = पिघला हुआ। Blistered-with sores = छाले पड़े हुए। Stretched to spread = फैलाना, Peeling-removed the skin छिलका उतरा हुआ, Tar-a black viscous substance got by distillation of wood = तारकोला

26. I suppose………… house somewhere?” I don’t ………………………….. and Meena’s.
‘मेरा अनुमान है कि उसके पास चप्पल खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं हैं’. मृदु ने मीना और रवि के कानों में फुसफुसाते हुए कहा।
और पूछा “क्या तुम्हारे पास घर में कहीं पुरानी जोड़ी है?”
“मैं नहीं जानता”, पैर रवि ने कहा। “मेरे (चप्पल) उसके पैरों में आने के लिए बहुत छोटे हैं नहीं तो मैं उन्हें दे देता।” और उसके पैर मृदु और मीना के पैर से बड़े थे।

Word Meaning: Whispered-to speak in _alow voice = अति मन्द स्वर में फुसफुसाते हुए।

27. The beggar …………….afternoon heat. ‘He needs something on his feet! Meena said, her big eyes filling. It’s not fair!’
भिखारी अपने ऊपर के कपड़े को हिला रहा था और अपनी धोती को जोर से बाँध रहा था। उसने अपनी आँखें उठाकर डर के मारे दोपहर की गर्मी से तपती सड़क की तरफ देखा।
“उसे अपने पैरों के लिए कुछ चाहिए’ मीना ने अपनी बड़ी आँखें खोलकर कहा। “यह बात उचित नहीं है।”

Word Meaning: Shaking-to move = हिलाना, Tightening-to tie tightly = जोर से बाँधना, Fearfully-Ina fear = डर के मारे, Gleaming with shine = चमकता हुआ।

28. ‘Ssh.’ saki……………………… the house.
‘चुप-चुप! साकी रवि। “मैं इस बारे में सोच रहा हूँ! बड़बड़ाते हुए’ “यह सही नहीं है, यह सही नहीं है” यह सहायता नहीं करने वाला। दो मिनट में ही उसके पाँव सड़क पर जल रहे होंगे। उसको चप्पल के एक जोड़े की जरूरत है। इसलिए हमें वह कहाँ से मिलते हैं? चलो घर में ढूंढे। उसने मृदु और मीना को घर के अन्दर धक्का दिया।

29. Just as ……………………….. are those?”
जैसे ही उसने बरामदे में कदम रखा. मृदु की आँखें अजीब सी दिखनेवाली चप्पल पर पड़ी जो उसने आते हुए ध्यान में रखी थीं। फुसफुसाते हुए कहा “रवि!” उसने फुसफुसाते हुए कहा, “यह किसके हैं?”

Word Meaning:Notice-observation = ध्यान, Whispered-to say in a low tone – धीमी आवाज में कहा।

30. Ravi turned…………………the garden.
रवि मुड़ा और जर्जर पर मजबूत पुरानी चप्पलों को घूरकर देखा। उसके चेहरे पर चमक थी और उसने स्वीकृति दे दी। ‘यह बिल्कुल सही आकार के हैं, उसने उठाते हुए कहा। मृदु और मीना ने घबराहट में उसका पीछा बगीचे तक किया।

Word Meaning: Glanced-to look = घूरना, Shabby-thread bare = मैली-कुचैली, Sturdystrongly built = मजबूत, Beamed-ashine = चमक, Nodded-moved heed in agreement = स्वीकृति में सिर हिलाना।

31. Herel’ said ………………….. the street.
“यहाँ।’ रवि ने पुरानी चप्पलों को भिखारी के आगे फेंकते हुए कहा। “यह पहन लो और वापस मत आना!” भिखारी चप्पलों की तरफ घूरने लगा। उसने जल्दी से तौलिए को अपने कंधे पर फेंका
और चप्पलें पहन कर चला गया। जाते हुए वह बच्चों को आशीर्वाद देता गया। एक ही पल में वह गली के कोने से गायब हो गया।

Word Meaning: Dropping-to throw = फेंकना, Stared to look constantly = लगातार देखना, Flung-to throw = फेंका, Muttering-mumble = बुदबुदाते हुए. Blessing-to bless = आशिर्वाद, Vanished-todisappear = गायब।।

32. The music-master ………….. put them.
संगीत शिक्षक घर के बाहर आए और अप्रशंसित नजर से तीनों को देखने लगे जो पेड़ के नीचे चुपचाप बैठ कर कंचे खेल रहे थे। तब उन्होंने आँगन में अपनी चप्पलें खोजी, जहाँ पर उन्होंने रखी थीं।

Word Meaning: Unappreciative-not praised = अप्रशंसित, Searched-to find = ढूँढना।

33. ‘Lallir he………………….. them here!’ Ravi, Mridu………………….. the verandah.
‘लाली!’ कुछ पलों के बाद उन्होंने पुकारा। वह जल्द से उनके पास आ गई। “मेरी प्यारी, क्या तुमने मेरी चप्पलें देखी हैं? मुझे याद है कि मैंने उन्हें यहाँ रखा था।” रवि, मृदु और मीना चुपचाप लाली और संगीत-शिक्षक को आंगन के हर कोने में चप्पल ढूँढते देख रहे थे।

34. He scurried …………………. you know?’
वह जल्दी-जल्दी इधर-उधर दौड़ने लगा। उसने हर तरफ देखा और गमलो के बीच में झुककर देखने लगा। बिल्कुल नई थीं मैं उन्हें माउंट रोड खरीदने गया।’ वह कहता रहा, “उनका मूल्य पूरे महीने की फीस के बराबर,, क्या तुम जानते हो?”

Word Meaning: Seurried-to scamper = जल्दी-जल्दी दौड़ना, Crouching-to sit in bent position = झुकना।

35. Soon Lalli ……………….. following her. ‘Where could ……………….. worried Paati.
जल्दी ही लाली अपनी माँ को बताने गई। रुकमनी थकी हुई अवस्था में लग रही थी और पाटी उसका पीछा कर रही थी। “वह कहाँ हो सकते हैं? यह सोचना बहुत परेशानी की बात है कि कोई उनको चुरा कर ले गया। इतने सारे बेचने वाले दरवाजे तक आते हैं, पाती चिंतित हुई।”

Word Meaning:Appeared to be visible = दृष्टिगोचर होना, Harassed-to fatigue = थकाना, Vendors-one who sells something = बेचने वाले।

36. RukkuManni………….. her eyebrows.
रुकूमनी की नजर रवि, मृदु और मीना पर पड़ी जो कि पेड़ के नीचे बैठे थे। “क्या तुम बच्चों ने-” उसने आरंभ किया और फिर देखते हुए कि वह अजीब चुप्पी में थे। वह और धीरे-धीरे बोलने लगी ‘किसी को यहाँ आँगन में घूमते देखा?’ उसकी भौंहों के बीच V-आकार की रेखा खिंच गई।

Word Meaning: Sight-scene = दृश्य, Curiously-showing anxiety = उत्सुकता से , Lurking-to move about aimlessly = घूमना, Eye brow-hairy arch above the eye = भौंहें।

37. Another straight……………. tell herself.
अब मधुर वाणी की जगह बहुत कठोर शब्द निकले। रूकु मनी बहुत गुस्से में थी। मृदु काँपते हुए सोचने लगी। वह इतनी परेशान नहीं होती अगर वह बेचारे भिखारी के पैरों के जख्म के बारे में जानती, उसने अपने आप से कहने की कोशिश की।

Word Meaning: Appeared-to look as if = ऐसा लगा मानो, Soft-not hard = नम्र, मुलायम Shiver-to move with cold = कॉपना. Sores-twounds = जख्म।

38. Taking a………………………. up here?”
गहरी साँस लेते हुए वह चिल्लाई, ‘रुकु मनी यहाँ पर एक भिखारी था। बेचारा, उसके पैरों पर ऐसे जख्म थे।’ ‘फिर?’ रुकु मनी ने दृढ़ता से रवि की तरफ मुड़ते हुए कहा, “तुमने संगीत-शिक्षक की चप्पल उस बूढ़े भिखारी को दे दी जो यहाँ पर आता है?”

Word Meaning: Grimly-in a harsh voice = कठोरता से, Turns up here-romes here = यहाँ आता है।

39. ‘Children these ……………..generous?’ ‘Silly!’ snapped ……………………. his own.’
‘आजकल के बच्चे….’ पाटी ने दहाड़ते हुए कहा।
‘अम्मा क्या तुमने मुझे कर्ण के बारे में नहीं बताया था जो अपनी हर चीज दे देता था, जैसे कि सोने के कुंडल, झुमका। वह | बहुत दयालु और उदार था।’
“मूर्ख !” रुकु मनी ने फटकारते हुए कहा। ‘कर्ण दूसरों की चीजों को नहीं देता था, वह सिर्फ अपनी ही चीजें देता था।’

Word Meaning: Generous-liberal =: उदारचित्त, Snapped-to break with a sharp noise = फटकारना।

40. ‘But my ………………….. have minded?’
‘Ravil’ said Rukku Manni, very angry now. ‘Go inside this minute.’
‘पर मेरी चप्पल भिखारी के पैर में पूरी नही आती…’ रवि ने बहुत जल्दबाजी में कहा, ‘और अम्मा अगर पूरी आती, क्या तुम्हें वास्तव में बुरा नहीं लगता।’ रुकु मनी ने बहुत गुस्से में कहा, रवि, इसी समय अन्दर जाओ”।

Word Meaning: Fit-to be of proper size = पूरे आकार का, Rushed-Hurriedly = जल्दी में, Minded-inclined to think in specified time = बुरा लगना।

41. She hurried ……………………….. to do?
वह जल्दी से अंदर गई और गोपू मामा की लगभग नहीं पहनी गई नई चप्पलें ले लाई। ‘श्रीमान आपको यह बिल्कुल ठीक आएंगी। कृपा इन्हें पहन लीजिए। मुझे बहुत खेद है। मेरा बेटा बहुत शरारती है।’ संगीत शिक्षक की आँखों में चमक आ गई। उसने यह दर्शाते हुए पहनी कि वह बहुत खुश नहीं है। बिल्कुल ठीक, मेरे अनुमान से यह ठीक है…. आजकल बच्चों के मन में बड़ों के लिए कोई आदर नहीं है, क्या करें?

Word Meaning: Hurried-In a great hurry = जल्दी में, Indoors-Inside the house = घर के अन्दर, Naughty-behave badly = शरारती, Respect-honour = आदर।

42. A Hanuman …………….. leave quickly.
हनुमान के अवतार… राम ही ऐसे शरारती बच्चों को बचा सकते हैं। रुकू मनी की आँखों में चमक आई। उसको अच्छा नहीं लगा कि रवि को बन्दर कहा गया, यद्यपि धार्मिक बंदर। वह अचल
और सरल तरीके से अगले दरवाजे पर खड़ी रही। यह स्पष्ट था कि वह चाहती थी वह जल्दी चला जाए।

Word Meaning: Incarnate-embodied in human form = अवतार, Flashed-Sudden blaze = चमक, Stiff-unbending = अचल, Straight-Honest = सरल, Clear-Evident = स्पष्ट।

43. When he ……………………….. to laugh.
जब वह अपनी नयी चप्पलें में झनझनाते हुए चला गया, उसने कहा ‘मृदु, अन्दर आकर कुछ खा लो। ईमानदारी से तुम बच्चे ऐसी बातें कैसे सोचते हो? भगवान का धन्यवाद कि तुम्हारे गोपू मामा काम पर चप्पल पहन कर नहीं जाते….’ जैसे ही वह मृदु और मीना के साथ रसोईघर की तरफ बढ़ी वह अचानक हँसने लगी।

Word Meaning: Clattered-to make a confused ratting sound = झनझनाना, Honestly-In astraightmanner = ईमानदारी से,Towards-In that direction = उस तरफ, Suddenly-A tonce = अचानक।

44. ‘But he’s ……………… music-master?
‘पर जब वह घर आता है तो उसे हमेशा जूते और मोजे उतार कर चप्पल पहनने की बहुत जल्दबाजी होती है। इस शाम को तुम्हारे मामा क्या कहेंगे जब मैं बताऊँगी कि मैंने उनकी चप्पलें संगीत-शिक्षक को दे दी हैं?

Word Meaning: Hurry-to rush = जल्दी में।

A Gift of Chappals Summary in English

Tapi takes Mridu to her aunt Rukku Manni’s house to meet her cousins Lalli, Ravi and Meena. Mridu gets a warm welcome and finds a kitten Mahendren which had been kept as a secret. Ravi is much impressed by the cat as to him it is a breed of Pallava dynasty. Lalli is learning music from her music master. Her way of playing the violin is most absurd and out of place. The master plays the tracks of music in a melody. His music was like the wheels of train fitted smoothly into the rail. Mridu also enjoyed the lovely music played by music master.

The incident of coming of beggar every days for the past week is exaggerated. Arrival of beggar upset the elders in the family. The beggar shows a surprise on refusal to get alms. He only begged to rest under the tree as he had large blisters on his feet and it was very hot. Mridu, Meena and Ravi searched for chappals. They gave him music master’s chappals to wear.

A little later music master came out of the house and searched for his chappals. A lot of confusion was were created and finally Gopu Mama’s chappals were given to the music master

A Gift of Chappals Summary in Hindi

टापी मृदु को उसकी आन्टी रूकू के घर अपने चचेरे भाई-बहिन लाली, रवि और मीना से मिलवाने ले जाती है। मृदु का अच्छा स्वागत होता है और वहाँ पर एक बिल्ली के बच्चे महेन्द्रन को पाती है। इस बात को बिल्कुल गुप्त रखा गया। रवि उस बिल्ली से बहुत प्रभावित है क्योंकि उसके लिए यह पल्लव वंश की है। लाली अपने संगीत के अध्यापक से संगीत सीख रहा है। उसका वायलन बजाने का तरीका बहुत अजीब है। संगीत के गुरु बहुत ही ताल में संगीत की लय दे रहे हैं। यह संगीत ऐसा है जैसे कि एक ट्रेन पटरी पर सुचारू रूप से चल रही हो। मृदु भी इस मधुर संगीत का आनंद ले रही थी।

भिखारी के आने की घटना को बढ़ा-चढ़ा कर दर्शाया गया है। घर के सारे बड़े भिखारी के आने से परेशान हैं। भिखारी भिक्षा न मिलने पर हैरानी व्यक्त करता है। भिखारी सिर्फ पेड़ के नीचे आराम करने की विनती करता है क्योंकि पैरों के नीचे छाले पड़ गए हैं और बाहर बहुत गर्मी है। मृदु, मीना और रवि चप्पल ढूंढ रहे हैं। उन्होंने उसे (भिखारी को) संगीत के गुरू की चप्पलें दे दी।

कुछ देर में संगीत के गुरु घर से बाहर अपनी चप्पल ढूंढने लगे। बहुत उलझन-सी पैदा हो जाती है और अंत में गोपू मामा की चप्पलें संगीत के गुरु को दे दी जाती है।

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons

HBSE 7th Class History Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Textbook Questions and Answers

LET S RECALL

Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Class 7 HBSE History Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The Rajarajeshvara temple was built in
2. Ajmer iff associated with the Sufi saint
3. Hampi was the capital of the Empire.
4. The Dutch established a settlement at in Andhra Pradesh.

Answer:

1. Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu)
2. Muinuddin Chishti
3. Vijayanagara
4. Masulipatnam

Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Class 7 Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
State whether true or false:

1. We know the name of the architect of the Rajarajeshvara temple from an inscription.
2. Merchants preferred to travel individually rather than in caravans.
3. Kabul was a major centre for trade in elephants.
4. Surat was an important trading port on the Bay of Bengal.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False

Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Class 7 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 3.
How was water supplied to the city of Thanjavur?
Answer:
Water was supplied from wells and tanks to the city of Thanjavur.

Class 7 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons HBSE History Question 4.
Who lived in the “Black Town” in cities such as Madras?
Answer:
Merchants and artisans (such as weavers) or craftspersons along with the white rulers (European traders) lived in the cities like Madras during the British rule.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Class 7 History Towns, Traders and Craftpersons HBSE Question 5.
Why do you think towns grew around temples?
Answer:
(i) Temple towns represented a very important pattern of urbanisation, the process by which cities develop.
(ii) Temples were often central to the economy and society.
(iii) Rulers built temples to demonstrate their devotion to various dieties. They also endowed temples with grants of land and money to carry out elaborate rituals, feed pilgrims and priest and celebrate festivals.
(iv) Pilgrims who flocked to the temples also made donations.
(v) Temple authorities used their wealth to finance trade and banking.
(vi) Generally, a large number of priests, workers, artisans, traders etc. settled near the temple to cater to the needs and those of the pilgrims.
For example: Billasvamin and Somnath in Gujarat.

Towns, Traders and Craftpersons HBSE 7th Class History Question 6.
How important were craftspersons for the building and maintenance of temples?
Answer:
(i) Craftspersons were very important for building and maintenance of temples.
(ii) For instance the Panchalas or Vishwakarama community, consisting of goldsmith, bronzesmith, blacksmiths, masons are carpenters were essential to the building of temples.
(iii) The craftsmen also played an important role in the construction of big buildings for pilgrims, used to visit temples as visitors or tourists and also in construction of tanks and reservoirs, attacked to temples.
(iv) The craftspersons of Bidar were so fapied for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came to be called Bidri.
(v) Weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars emerged as prosperous communities, making donations to temples.

Class 7 History Chapter 5 HBSE Question 7.
Why did people from distant lands visit Surat?
Answer:
1. Surat was the most important medieval port on the west coast of Indian subcontinent.
2. It was the emporium of western trade during the Mughal period.
3. Surat was the gateway for trade with west Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz.
4. Surat has also been called the gate of Mecca, because many pilgrim ships get sail from here.
5. There were also several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles.
6. Surat was famous for the textiles with gold lace borders (zari).
Due to all such reasons many people from distant lands visited Surat.

Question 8.
In what ways craft production in cities like Calcutta different from that in cities like Thanjavur?
Answer:

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Compare any one of the cities described in the chapter with a town or a village with which you are familiar. Do you notice any similarities or differences?

Question 10.
What were the problems encountered by merchants? Do you think some of these problems persist today?
Answer:
Some of the problems faced by the merchants were as under:

• They had to travel through forests and there was always the fear of robbers. Therefore, pierchants travelled in caravans.
• Merchants such as Mulla Abdul Ghafur and Indian Virji Vora, who owned a large number of ships were subdued by the East India Company ships. Then, they have to work as agents of the company instead of running their own business.
• Yes, such problems do exist today.

HBSE 7th Class History Towns, Traders and Craftpersons Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the capital of Cholas.
Answer:
Thanjavur.

Question 2.
Who built Rajarajeshwara temple?
Answer:
King Rajaraja Chola.

Question 3.
What type of a town is Thanjavur?
Answer:
Temple town.

Question 4.
Name an alloy of copper and tin.
Answer:
Bronze.

Question 5.
What is the capital of the Chauhan kings in the 12th century?
Answer:
Ajmer.

Question 6.
Give two groups of weavers that emerged as prosperous communities.
Answer:
Saliyar, Kaikkolars.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the trading groups in Masulipatnam.
Answer:
The Golconda nobles, Persian merchants, Telugu Komati Chettis and European traders were the trading groups in Masulipatnam.

Question 2.
What was the ‘system of advances’?.
Answer:
The system of advances was a system under which craftspersons like weavers were given advance payments so that they had to weave cloths for European agents only.

Question 3.
What were the main features of medieval towns?
Answer:
The main features of medieval towns were as under:
(a) The towns probably emerged from large villages.
(b) Towns had mandapika (or mandi of later times) to which nearby villages brought their produce to sell.
(c) Towns also had market streets calle hatta lined with shops.
(d) There were streets for different kinds of artisans such as potters, oil pressers, sugar makers, toddy makers, smiths, stone masons, etc.

Question 4.
How was the architecture of Hampi distinctive?
Answer:
Due to following reasons, the architecture of Hampi was distinctive:
(a) The building in the royal complex had splendid arches, domes and pillared halls with niches for holding sculptures.
(b) There were well planned orchards and pleasure gardens with sculptural motifs such as lotus and corbels.
(c) The Wall of Hampi fort was constructed without using mortar or cement. The technique of wedging bricks together by interlocking was used.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why did Masulipatnam port decline?
Answer:
(a) The Dutch and English companies had settled in Masulipatnam.
(b) But the Qutab Shahi rulers of Golconda exerted their influence on the trade and settlement in the port city of Masulipatnam.
(c) After Mughal occupation of Golconda, Mughal Governor Mir Jurnla who was also a merchant, began to play off the Dutch and English against each other.
(d) Due to this the European Companies looked for alternative and hence, they developed the port city of Madras.
(e) Thus, Masulipatnam lost both its merchants and prosperity and declined.

Question 2.
How was the Indian textile business affected when the European Companies entered in it?
Answer:
The Indian textile business was affected when the European Companies entered it in the following ways:
(i) The demand of Indian textiles increased manifolds.
(ii) This led to a great expansion of the crafts of spinning, weaving, bleaching, dyeing, etc.
(iii) The employment opportunities also increased.
(iv) Indian textile designs became increasingly refined.
(v) But due to the system of advances, the independent craftspersons declined.
(vi) Indian traders, weavers and merchants had to live in “Black Towns” whereas “White” people lived in superior residencies of Fort St. George in Madras or Fort St. William in Calcutta.

Question 3.
What were the causes of decline of Surat as a commercial town?
Answer:
(i) From 17th century onwards the 1 town of Surat began to decline in the commercial activities.
(ii) The main cause was loss of markets and productivity because of the decline of the Mughal Empire.
(iii) Sea routes were controlled by Portuguese.
(iv) The newly built Bombay port gve tough English competition to the port of Surat.
(v) East India Company shifted its headquarters to Bombay in 1668.

Question 4.
Describe the rise of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras as trading towns.
Answer:
(i) Bombay, Calcutta and Madras rose as nodal cities.
(ii) Crafts and commerce underwent major changes as merchants and artisans (such as weavers) were moved into the Black Towns established by the European Companies with in these new cities.
(iii) The blacks or native traders and crafts persons were confined here.
(iv) The ‘White’ rulers occupied the superior residencies of Fort St. George in Madras or Fort St. William in Calcutta.

Towns, Traders And Craftspersons Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Hinterland: A piece of land beyond coast is known as hinterland.
• Administrative Town: It is a town from where the administrative functions are carried on.
• Temple Town: It is a town with prominent temple or temples.
• Commercial Town: It is a town where the sale and purchase of commodities takes place.
• Pilgrimage Towns: Places where people go for pilgrimage are called pilgrimage towns.
• Chintz: A type of cotton cloth with printed design on it is called Chintz.
• Black Town: That part of towns where artisans and merchants of Indian origin used to live was called Black Town.
• Emporium: A place where goods from diverse production centres are bought and sold is called emporium.
• Hundi: It is a note recording a deposit made by a person. The amount deposited can be claimed in another place by presenting the record of the deposit.
• Factor: An official merchant of the East India Company is called a factor.
• Sthapatis: Sculptors who made bronze idols and tall ornamental bell metal lamps are called Sthapatis.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry Ex 9.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry Ex 9.1

Question 1.
A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is tightly stretched and tied from the top of a vertical pole to the ground. Find the height of the pole, if the angle made by the rope with the ground level is 30° (See figure).

Solution :
Let height of the pole be h m.
In right ∆ABC, we have
sin 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{h}{20}\)
⇒ h = \(\frac{20}{2}\) = 10 m.
Hence, height of the pole is 10 m.

Question 2.
A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that top of the tree touches the ground making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
Solution:
∠BDC = 30° (given)
In right ∆CBD, we have
cos 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{CD}}\)

BC = 4.62
Height of the tree (h) = BC + AC
= BC + CD [∵ AC = CD]
= 462 + 924 = 1386 m.
Hence, height of the tree is 13.86 m.

Question 3.
A contractor plans to install two slides for the children to play in a park. For the children below the age of 5 years, she prefers to have a slide whose top is at a height of 15 m, and is inclined at an angle of 30° to the ground, whereas for elder children, she wants to have a steep slide at a height of 3 in, and inclined at an angle of 600 to the ground. What should be. length of the slide in each case?
Solution :
Let l₁ is the length of slide for children below the age of 5 years and l₂ is th length of the slide for elder children.

Point P represents the top of slide l₁ and inclined at an angle of 30° to the ground.
i.e., PQ = 15 m and ∠PRQ = 30°
and point A represents the top of slide l₂ and inclined at an angle of 60° to the ground.
i.e. AB = 3m and ∠ACB = 60°
In right ∆PQR, we have
sin 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{PQ}}{\mathrm{PR}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1 \cdot 5}{l_1}\)
⇒ l₁ = 2 × 1.5 = 3.o m
and in right ∆ABC, we have
sin 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{l_2}\)
⇒ l₂ = \(\frac{3 \times 2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
⇒ l₂ = 2√3
Hence, lengths of the slides are 3m and 2√3 m.

Question 4.
The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30 m away from .the foot of tower, is 30°. Find the height of tower.
Solution:
Let AB be the tower of height h m and C be a point on the grourd such that angle of elevation of the top A of tower is 30°
i.e. ∠ACB = 30° and BC = 30 m.
In right ∆ABC, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{A B}{B C}\)

h = 10√3
Hence, height of the tower is 10√3 metres.

Question 5.
A kite is flying at a height of 60 m above the ground. The string attached to the kite is temporarily tied to a point on the ground. The inclination of the string with the ground is 60°. Find the length of the string, assuming that there is no slack in the string.
Solution :
Let A be the position of kite.
Let C be the position of observer and AC he length of string.
Then ∠ACB = 60°,
height of kite = 60 m.
In right ∆ABC, we have

sin 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\frac{60}{\mathrm{AC}}\)
AC = \(\frac{60 \times 2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
AC = \(\frac{120 \sqrt{3}}{3}\)
AC = 40√3.

Hence, length of string = 40√3 metres.

Question 6.
A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall building. The angle of elevation from his eyes to the top of the building increases from 30° to 60° as he walks towards the building. Find the distance he walked towards the building.
Solution :
Let AB be the building of height 30 m and CD be the boy of height 15 m
i.e. AB = 30 m and CD = 15 m.
The angle of elevation from the eyes of thy to the top of building is 300 and as the boy walks towards the building the angle of elevation becomes 60°.
Then ∠ACF = 30° and ∠AEF = 60°
In right ∆AFC, we have

FC = 28.5√3
and in right ∆AFE, we have
[∴ AF = AB – BF = 30 – 1.5 = AF = 28.5 m]
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FE}}\)
⇒ √3 = \(\frac{28 \cdot 5}{\mathrm{FE}}\)
⇒ FE = \(\frac{28 \cdot 5}{\sqrt{3}}\)
⇒ FE = \(\frac{28 \cdot 5 \sqrt{3}}{3}\)
⇒ FE = 9.5√3
The distance walked by the boy towards the building = CE
= FC – FE
= 28.5√3 – 9.5√3 = 19√3
Hence, distance walked by the boy towards the building = 19√3 m.

Question 7.
From a point on theground, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of a transmission tower fixed at the top of a 20 m high building are 45° and 60° respectiyely. Find the height of the tower.
Solution :
Let PQ be the transmission tower of height h m fixed at the top of 20 m heigh building (QR), angles of elevation of the bottom and top of a transmission tower are 45° and 60° respectively.
i.e. ∠QSR = 45° and ∠PSR = 60°.
In right ∆QSR, we have
tan 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{QR}}{\mathrm{SR}}\)

⇒ 1 = \(\frac{20}{\mathrm{SR}}\)
SR = 20 m.
In right ∆PSR, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{PR}}{\mathrm{SR}}\)
√3 = \(\frac{\mathrm{PQ}+\mathrm{QR}}{20}\)
√3 = \(\frac{h+20}{20}\)
20√3 = h + 20
h = 20√3 – 20
h = 20(√3 – 1)
Hence, height of the tower is 20(√3 – 1) m.

Question 8.
A statue, 16 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 60° and from the same point the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal is 45°. Find the height of the pedestal.
Solution :
Let BC be the pedestal of height h m and AB be the statue.
Let D be the point of observation.
Then ∠BDC = 45°, ∠ADC = 60°, AB = 1.6 m
In right ∆BCD, we have
tan 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{BC}}{\mathrm{CD}}\)

⇒ 1 = \(\frac{h}{\mathrm{CD}}\)
⇒ CD = h …………….(1)
and right ∆ACD, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AC}}{\mathrm{CD}}\)
√3 = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}+\mathrm{BC}}{\mathrm{CD}}\)
√3 = \(\frac{1 \cdot 6+h}{h}\) [Using (1)]
√3h = 1.6 + h
√3h – h = 1.6
h(√3 – 1) = 1.6
h = \(\frac{1 \cdot 6}{\sqrt{3}-1}\)
h = \(\frac{1 \cdot 6(\sqrt{3}+1)}{(\sqrt{3}-1)(\sqrt{3}+1)}\)
[Multiplying numerator and denominator by (√3 + 1)]
h = \(\frac{1 \cdot 6(\sqrt{3}+1)}{(\sqrt{3})^2-(1)^2}\)
h = \(\frac{1 \cdot 6(\sqrt{3}+1)}{2}\)
Hence, height of pedestal is 0.8(√3 + 1) m.

Question 9.
The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60°. If the tower is 50m high, find the height of the building.
Solution:
Let AB be tower of height 50m and PQ be the building of height h m.
The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60° i.e. ∠AQB = 60° and angle of elevation of the top of building from the foot of the tower is 30°, i.e., ∠PBQ = 30°
In right triangle ABQ, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BQ}}\)

Hence, height of the building is 16\(\frac{2}{3}\) m.

Question 10.
Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of the road, which is 80 m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the top of the poles are 60° and 30° respectively. Find the height of the poles and the distances of the point from the poles. [CBSE 2019]
Solution :
Let AB and CD be two poles of equal height h m, angles of elevation of the top of the poles are 60° and 30° respectively i.e. ∠AOB = 60°, ∠COD = 30° and BD = 80 m.
Let OB = x m, then DO = (80 – x) m
In right ∆ABO, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BO}}\)

⇒ √3 = \(\frac{h}{x}\)
⇒ h = √3x
⇒ x = \(\frac{h}{\sqrt{3}}\) …………..(1)
and right ∆CDO, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{CD}}{\mathrm{DO}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{h}{80-x}\)
⇒ √3h = 80 – x
⇒ √3h = 80 – \(\frac{h}{\sqrt{3}}\) [Using (1)]
⇒ √3h + \(\frac{h}{\sqrt{3}}\) = 80
⇒ \(\frac{3 h+h}{\sqrt{3}}\) = 80
⇒ 4h = 80√3
⇒ h = \(\frac{80 \sqrt{3}}{4}\)
⇒ h = 20√3 m
Putting the value of h in (1), we get
⇒ x = \(\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
⇒ x = 20 m.
DO = 80 – x = 80 – 20 = 60 m.
Hence height of each pole is 20√3 m and distances of point from pole (AB) is 20 m and from pole (CD) is 60 m.

Question 11.
A TV Tower stands vertically on a bank of a canal. From a point on the other bank directly opposite the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. From another point 20 m away from this point on the line joining this point to the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30°. (See in figure). Find the height of tower and width of the canal.

Solution :
Let height of tower be h m. and width of canal be x m.
Then ∠ACB = 60°, ∠ADB = 30° and CD = 20 m.
In right ∆ABC, we have
⇒ tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BC}}\)
⇒ √3 = \(\frac{h}{x}\)
⇒ h = √3x ………………….(1)
In right ∆ABD, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BD}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{h}{\mathrm{BC}+\mathrm{CD}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{h}{x+20}\)
⇒ √3h = x + 20
⇒ √3 × √3x = x + 20 [Using (1)]
⇒ 3x = x + 20
⇒ 2x = 20
⇒ x = \(\frac{20}{2}\) = 10
Putting the value of x in (1), we get
h = √3 × 10
⇒ h = 10√3
Hence, height of tower is 10√3 m and width of canal is 10 m.

Question 12.
From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of the tower.
Solution:
Let AB be cable tower of height h m. and CD be building of height 7 m the angle of elevation of the top of the cable tower from the top of a building is 60°.
i.e. ∠ACE = 60° and angle of depression of its foot from the top of a building is 450
i.e. ∠ECB = 45°
∠CBD = ∠ECB [Alternate interior ∠s]
∠CBD = 45°

In right ∆AEC, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AE}}{\mathrm{CE}}\)
= \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}-\mathrm{EB}}{\mathrm{CE}}\)
= \(\frac{h-7}{\mathrm{CE}}\)
CE = \(\frac{h-7}{\sqrt{3}}\) …………….(1)
and in right ACDB, we have
tan 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{CD}}{\mathrm{DB}}\)
1 = \(\frac{7}{\mathrm{CE}}\) [∵ DB = CE]
CE = 7
Putting the value of CE in (1), we get
7 = \(\frac{h-7}{\sqrt{3}}\)
7√3 = h – 7
7√3 + 7 = h
h = 7(√3 + 1) m.
Hence, height of cable tower is 7 (√3 + 1) m.

Question 13.
As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same side of the lighthouse, find the distance between the two ships.
Solution :
Let AB be light house of height 75 m, angles of depression of two ships are 30° and 45°
i.e. ∠PAD = 30° and ∠PAC = 45°.
∠ADC = ∠PAD = 30° [alternate interior angles]
and ∠ACB = ∠PAC = 45° [alternate interior angles]
Let CD = x m.
and BC = y m.
In right ∆ABC, we have
tan 45° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BC}}\)
⇒ 1 = \(\frac{75}{y}\)
⇒ y = 75 m ………………(1)

and in right ∆ABD, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{A B}{B D}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{75}{C D-B C}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{75}{x-y}\)
x + y = 75√3
x + 75 = 75√3 [Using (1)]
x= 75√3 – 75
X= 75(√3 – 1) .
Hence, distance between the, two ships is 75(√3 – 1) m.

Question 14.
A 12 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the wind in a horizontal line at a height of 88.2 m in from the ground. The angle of elevation of the bafloon from the eyes of the girl at any instant is 60° After s mrne, the angle of elevation reäes
to 30° (see figure). Find the distance travelled by the balloon during the interval.

Solution :
Let A be position of balloon when its angle of elevation from eye of the girl is 60° and P he the ooition of balloon when angle of elevation is 30°. Then
∠PCQ = 30°, ∠ACB = 60° and R = 88.2 m
PQ = PR – QR = 88.2 – 1.2 = 87 m
In right ∆PQC, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{PQ}}{\mathrm{QC}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{87}{\mathrm{QC}}\)
⇒ QC = 87√3 ……………….(1)
and in right ∆ABC, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BC}}\)
⇒ √3 = \(\frac{87}{B C}\) [∵ AB = PQ = 87 m].
⇒ BC = \(\frac{87}{\sqrt{3}}\)
⇒ BC = \(\frac{87 \sqrt{3}}{3}\) ………………..(2)
Now distance travelled by balloon = AP = BQ = QC – BC
= 87√3 – \(\frac{87 \sqrt{3}}{3}\) [From (1) and (2)]
= 87√3 (1 – \(\frac{1}{3}\))
= 87√3 × \(\frac{2}{3}\) = 58√3
Hence, distance travelled by balloon is 58√3 m.

Question 15.
A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man standing at the top of the tower observes a car at an angle of depression of 30°, which is approaching the foot of the tower with a uniform speed. Six seconds later, the angle of depression of the car is found to be 60°. Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of the tower from this point.
Solution:
Let AB be vertical tower of height h m.
Let the speed of the car be v m/sec.
At the point C angle of depression of car be 30° i.e. ∠PAC = 30°
and it reaches to D six seconds later.
Then angle of depression of car is 60° i.e. ∠PAD = 60°.

∠ACD = ∠PAC = 30° [alternate interior angles]
∠ADB = ∠PAD = 60° [alternate interior angles]
Distance travelled by car in 6 sec = 6v metres.
So, CD = 6v metres [∵ Distance = speed × time]
Let car takes t seconds to reach the point B from the point D
Distance travelled by car in t sec = vt metres.
In right ∆ABD, we have
tan 60° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BD}}\)
√3 = \(\frac{h}{v t}\)
⇒ h = √3vt …………………(1)
and in right ∆ABC, we have
tan 30° = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BC}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{h}{\mathrm{CD}+\mathrm{BD}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{h}{6 v+v t}\)
⇒ √3h = 6v + vt
⇒ √3 × √3vt = 6v + vt [Using (1)]
⇒ 3vt = 6 v + vt
⇒ 2vt = 6v
⇒ t = \(\frac{6 v}{2 v}\) = 3 sec.
Hence, the car takes 3 sec. to reach the foot of tower.

Question 16.
The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from the base of the tower and in the same straight line With it are complementary. Prove that the height of tower is 6 m.
Solution :
Let AB be tower of height h m. C and D are two points such that BC = 9 m.
and BD = 4 m, let ∠ACB = θ then ∠ADB = 90° – θ
In right ∆ABD, we have
tan (90° – θ) = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BD}}\)

⇒ cot θ = \(\frac{h}{4}\)
[∵ tan (90° – θ) = cot θ]
⇒ h = 4 cot θ ………………(1)
In right ∆ABC, we have
tan θ = \(\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{BC}}\)
tan θ = \(\frac{h}{9}\)
⇒ h = 9 tan θ ………………(2)
Multiplying (1) & (2), we get
h × h = 4 cot θ . 9 tan θ
⇒ h² = 4 × \(\frac{1}{\tan \theta}\) × 9 tan θ
⇒ h² = 36
⇒ h = √36 = 6
Hence, height of tower is 6 m.
Hence Proved.