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Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.3

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.2

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations Ex 7.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.3

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.2

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Ex 6.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

HBSE 10th Class Geography Water Resources Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 25)

Water Resources HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 1.
From your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water.
Answer:
We can conserve water in the following ways :

1. We can form a group of water-conscious people and encourage our friends and neighbours to be part of this group.
2. We can also promote water conservation in community newsletters and on bulletin boards.
3. We should close the tap after brushing our teeth or washing our face.
4. We should use the bucket and mug for bathing, instead of showers.
5. We should avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily.
6. We should make sure that our home is leak-free. Many houses have leaking pipes, that go’ unnoticed.
7. While washing the vehicles, we should use water from a bucket instead of hose pipe,
8. We should not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or pulses. It can be used to water plants or put for the birds to drink.

Textbook (Page No. 26)

Chapter 3 Water Resources Geography HBSE Question 2.
Find out more about any one traditional method of building dams and irrigation works.
Answer:
Do this activity yourself with the help of your teacher.

Textbook (Page No. 27)

Water Resources Chapter 3 Question and Answer HBSE Question 3.
Make a list of inter-state water disputes.
Answer:

1. The Krishna-Godawari dispute between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
2. The Kavery water dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
3. The Ravi-Beas water dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
4. The Yamuna water dispute between Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Textbook (Page No. 31)

Question 4.
Find out other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around your locality.
Answer:
The other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around our locality are:
(a) Pond
(b) Bawadi
(c) Rooftop collection
(d) Check dams
(e) Kundi
(f) Dug wells.

Textbook (Page No. 32)

Question 5.
Collect information on how industries are polluting our water resources.
Answer:
Industries are polluting our water resources:

1. By disposing their industrial sewage.
2. By toxic wastes of leather tanneries.
3. By chemicals and polluted water from industries.

Question 6.
Enact with your classmates a scene of water dispute in your locality.
Answer:
Do this activity yourself with the help of your teacher.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions :

(i) Based on the information given below, classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’:
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer:
(a) Not suffering from water scarcity.
(b) Suffering from water scarcity.
(c) Suffering from water scarcity.
(d) Suffering from water scarcity.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects, by regulating water flow, help to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and homes.
Answer:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacement and loss of livelihood.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and re-write them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority ” was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Answer:
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have not helped in proper utilisation of water resources but further, create a big water scarcity problem.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers affects the river’s natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot, when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Nowadays, in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is declining due to plenty of water availability from the perennial Rajasthan Canal.

Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Answer:
Water becomes a renewable resource through the hydrological cycle. Water evaporates from the rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc., and as a result of condensation, it once again falls down as precipitation or rainfall. .

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Answer:
Water Scarcity:
Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water scarcity. According to fa, I ken Mark, a Swedish expert, “Water stress occurs when water availability is less than 1000 cubic metre per person per day”.

Reasons (Factors) Responsible for the Scarcity of Water in India:

The following factors or reasons or causes are responsible for the growing scarcity of water in India

1. Increasing Population: Increasing population of India is one of the main factors responsible for the scarcity of water.
2. Industrialisation: Post-independence, India witnessed intensive industrialisation. The ever-increasing number of industries has made matters worse, by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources. Industries, along with being heavy users of water, require a lot of power, which is produced from water. This is one of the main factors responsible for the scarcity of water.
3. The commercialisation of Agriculture: After the success of green revolution, Indian farmers are producing many commercial crops. Commercial crops such as rice need more water.
4. Over-exploitation of Water Resources: Over-exploitation of water is another factor responsible for the scarcity of water. To facilitate higher food-grain production, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. There are many states, such as Punjab and Haryana, which have over-exploited their water resources.
5. Urbanisation: Post-independence, India witnesses intensive urbanisation. This is another factor which is highly responsible for the scarcity of water.
6. Pollution of Water: Pollution of water resources is another factor which is responsible for water scarcity. Domestic and industrial waste, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture are the main factors responsible for the pollution of water.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river projects.
Answer:
Multipurpose River Projects

Advantages:
(a) They are the main sources of power.
(b) Water stored in dams is also used for irrigation.
(c) Due to availability of water, crops can be grown even in water-scarce areas.

Disadvantages:
(a) They have an adverse impact on the environment.
(b) They have an adverse impact on the fertility of soil.
(c) Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions, with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
In the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting is carried out in the following ways :
(a) Particularly in Rajasthan, ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water.
(b) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures, that allowed water to stand and moisten the soil, like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
(c) Particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses, traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.
(d) The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
(e) The first spell of rain was usually not collected, as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected.
(f) The rainwater could be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall, making it an
an extremely an reliable source of drinking water, when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summer.

(ii) Describe how modem adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
(a) In hilly and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels, like the ‘guts’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas, for agriculture.-
(b) ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.
(c) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
(d) In arid and semi – arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures, that allowed water to stand and moisten the soil, like the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and the ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
(e) In the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water.
(f) Bamboo drip irrigation system is also being used in some states.
(g) Moreover, nowadays, we are harvesting rainwater in tanks, dams, reservoirs etc.

Knowledge Basket

Question 1.
Collect information about flood-prone areas of the country.
Note:
In flood-prone areas, mainly Bihar, West Bengal, Assam and hilly areas of Uttarakhand are included.

Question 2.
Draw diagrams to show the techniques of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:

(a) Recharge through Abandoned Dugwell
(b) Recharge through hand pump

Question 3.
Enlist major river-valley projects as under the following heads:
Answer:

• River on which it is located
• State or states
• Irrigated area.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

HBSE 10th Class Civics Democracy and Diversity Intext Questions and Answers

Let Us Debate based Question (Page 31)

Civics Chapter 3 Class 10 Important Questions HBSE  Question 1.
Some Dalit groups decided to participate in the UN Conference Against Racism in Durban in 2001, demanding the inclusion of caste in the agenda of this conference. Here are three reactions to this move:
Amandeep Kaur (a government official): Our constitution declares caste discrimination to be illegal. If some caste discrimination continues, it is an internal matter. I am opposed to this being raised in an international forum.
Oinam (a sociologist): I am opposed to this because caste and race are not similar divisions. Caste is a social division, while race is a biological one. Raising caste in this conference on racism would mean equating the two.
Ashok (a Dalit activist): The argument about internal matter is a way of preventing open discussion of oppression and discrimination. Race is not purely biological. It is as much a legal and sociological category as caste. Caste discrimination must be raised in this conference. Which of the three opinions do you agree with most and why ?
Answer:
I agree with Ashok’s views, we should not prevent people from an open discussion of oppression and discrimination on the premise of it being an internal state matter. We cannot discriminate people and divide them based on intellectual grounds. We cannot be a democratic nation and a free society if there is apprehension and discrimination in our society. Open debate is one of the indicators of a democratic society which values equality.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 31)

Class 10 Civics Chapter 3 Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
I met this group of girls from Pakistan and felt that I had more in common with them than many girls from other parts of my own country. Is this anti-national to feel so?
Answer:
No, it is not anti-national to feel so. It is quite common that people belonging to different regions or nations can have common liking and interests. For example, the girls from Pakistan may like Hollywood movies, south Indian food and Thai food like any other girl from India.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 32)

Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
A cartoon like this can be read by different people to mean different things. What does this cartoon mean to you ? How do other students in your class read this?
Answer:
The giant in the cartoon is going to cut his black colour hand which is different from his other white hand. His small head reflects that he fails to realize that this stupid act would cripple him for life, it definitely reflects how a narrow-minded society can harm itself by keeping a biased discrimination among its own people. Other students in my class may have different opinions or perspectives.

Poster-based Question (Page 33)

Democracy and Diversity Chapter 3 HBSE 10th Class Question 4.
Read these two poems by Dalit writers. Why do you think the poster is titled ‘Hidden Apartheid’ ?
Answer:
The first poem reveals that social discrimination is nearing its end. Everyone is using the same tap-water. The second poem presents the horrible scene of poverty. If mother is not able to sell the firewood, the family members will sleep hungry as there is no another source of income. These examples reflect social discrimination being practised in the society. So, these have a proper heading i.e., ‘Hidden Apartheid’.

Let us Revise based on Question (Page 34)

Question 5.
Imrana is a student of Class X, section B. She and all her classmates are planning to help students of Class XI in giving a farewell party to the students of Class XII. Last month she played for section team in a game of kho-kho against the team of Class X, section A. She goes back home in a bus and joins all the students from various classes. They all come from trans-Yamuna Area in Delhi. Back home, she often joins her elder sister Naima, in complaining against her brother who does no work at home, while the sisters are asked to help their mother. Her father is looking for a good match for her elder sister, from a Muslim family with a similar economic status from their own ‘biradari’.
Can you list the various kinds of identities Imrana has?
Answer:

Plus-Box Based Questions (Page 35)

Question 6.
Bulgaria, Romania or India?
(a) Do you think Mahashweta is right? Do you know of some community in your area that is treated like the Romas?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with Mahashweta. In India, there are also some communities, like Nats and Banjaras, which are treated like the Romas.

(b) Have you heard people say things similar to what Yordanka or Modruzeni say here? If yes, try to think of what the story would sound like if you heard it from the other
Answer:
Yes. It will be as if someone has shown a mirror to our face. We must improve the way we treat the deprived people. Instead of looking upon their conditions. We should think why have they reached this condition.

(c) Do you think the Bulgarian government should try to ensure that the Roma people dress and behave like other people from Bulgaria?
Answer:
No, Bulgarian government should not try this. A democratic society or nation gives freedom to its people to dress the way they like unless it harms others.

Poster-Based Question (Page 36)

Question 7.
In some societies of Northern Ireland, the colonies of Protestant and Catholic communities are divided by walls. These walls are sometimes filled with graffiti as you can see here. The Irish Republican Army and British Government signed an agreement in 2005. What does the graffiti here tell about the conflict in the society ?
Answer:
Here, the graffiti tells that there was racial discrimination in the U.K. during the decade of 1966. The people of London made a distinction with the Black and Irish-born people. The other picture tells that in 2005, racial discrimination was towards an end in Belfast. Now, people treat each other as equals.

Question 8.
Can you think of some examples of social division or discrimination in the field of sports ? (Page 37)
Answer:
(i) Some decades ago, the South African team did not allow blacks in their cricket and sport teams.
(ii) Even in many sports like tennis in India, there is inequality in funding and provisioning of to women teams as compared to men teams.

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 37)

Question 9.
So, you are saying that too many small divisions are better than a single big division? Are you also saying that politics is a force of unity ?
Answer:
‘Social diversity’ is the main cause of ‘social division’. Social diversity gives birth to differences and these differences bring social division. It is to be decided by the government whether the division is good or not.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Democracy and Diversity Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
OR
Identify the determinants of the outcomes of the politics of social division and expand on them. (CBSE 2010”
Answer:
There are three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions :
(i) People’s Perception : If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. As the people in Northern Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant their conflict grew. On the other hand, it is much easier to accommodate, if the people see that their identities are multiple. For example, most of the people in our country think themselves as Indians, as well as belonging to a State or community.

(ii) Attitude of Political Leaders : it depends on how the political leaders raise the demand of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another commun’ ;y. For example, in Sri Lanka, the demand for ‘only Sinhalese’ was at the cost of the interest of Tamils.

(iii) Reaction of Government : It depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups. As we saw in the examples of Belgium and Sri Lanka, if the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country. But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the result will be quite opposite, as we saw in Sri Lanka.

Question 2.
When does a social difference become a social division ? (CBSE 20151
Answer:
A social difference refers to the difference among groups of people due to their religion, race, culture and language, etc. It becomes a social division when a little social difference is combined with another set of social differences. In other words, when two or more social differences join together, it turns into a social division. For instance, the difference in the Blacks and the Whites in the United States of America is due to their different race, which is a social difference. It becomes a social division when the income factor is also added. The Black tend to be poor, homeless and discriminated and the Whites tend to be rich and educated. These multiple differences produce social division.

Question 3.
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples. (CBSE 2012′
Answer:
The combination of social division and politics is very dangerous and explosive. Democracy involves competition among various political parties. This competition divides the society. These social divisions bring the political division. At last, this causes conflict, violence, and even disintegration of the country.

Example of Northern Ireland:
its population is divided into two major sects of Christianity – Protestants and Roman Catholics. The Protestants were represented by Unionists and the Roman Catholics were represented by Nationalists. Nationalists wanted Northern Ireland to be unified with the Irish Republic, while Unionists wanted it to remain a part of the United Kingdom.

Example of Yugoslavia:
Yugoslavia was a combination of diverse people. After World War II, the different nationalities of Yugoslavia demanded more autonomy from Belgrade, capital city of Yugoslavia, into six independent countries.

Question 4.
social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Answer:
Overlapping, Cross-cutting.

Question 5.
In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is not correct about democracy ?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy, it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Answer:
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Question 6.
Consider the following three statements :
A. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
B. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is /are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) only C
Answer:
(b)AandB.

Question 7.
Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below:
A But all political expressions of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D, B, A, C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D.
Answer:
(a) D, B, C, A.

Question 8.
Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) the Netherlands
Answer:
(c) Yugoslavia.

Question 9.
Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom to ring – when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children-black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics- will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”
Answer:
Social division: In the given speech, Martin Luther King Jr. is talking about the social division between the Blacks and the Whites in America. The social division is based on colour and social differences in the Afro-American society of the USA. Aspirations and anxieties of Martin Luther King Jr. : Martin Luther King Jr. aspires to see a world, free of social discrimination. He wishes to see a world where everybody is treated equally irrespective of caste, colour or creed. He dreamt of a world where equal opportunities are available to everyone and every group’s social and economic interests are recognised and respected.

His anxieties are, that the fight against colour and social discrimination will get success only after a long struggle. He is very hopeful about his success. Relationship between Incident of Mexico Olympics and Martin’s speech : In August 1963, Martin Luther King led a march to Washington D. C. and delivered his famous speech ‘I have a dream’, from Capital Hill. His statements are related to Mexico Olympics, 1968, in which two African-Americans named Tommie Smith and John Carlos won the Gold and Bronze medal respectively. They tried to draw international attention towards racial discrimination in the United States.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Federalism Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Federalism

HBSE 10th Class Civics Federalism Intext Questions and Answers

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 14 & 15)

Federalism Chapter 2 HBSE 10th Class Question 1.
I am confused. What do we call the Indian government? Is it Union, Federal or Central?
Answer:
India is a ‘Union of States’. Indian administrative system is ‘Federal’. The government at centre is known as the ‘Central Government’.

Chapter 2 Federalism HBSE 10th Class Question 2.
If Federalism works only in big countries, why did Belgium adopt it?
Answer:
Belgium is a small country, but it is full of diversities based on ethnicity. To avoid conflict and political unstability, Belgium adopted the federal type of government.

Let Us Revise based Question (Page 16)

Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Question Answer HBSE Question 3.
Some Nepalese citizens were discussing the proposals on the adoption of federalism in their new constitution. This is what some of them said
Khag Raj: I don’t like federalism. It would lead to reservation of seats for different caste groups as in India.
Sarita: Ours is not a very big country. We don’t need federalism.
Babu Lai: I am hopeful that the Terai areas will get more autonomy if they get their own state government.
Ram Ganesh: I like federalism because it will mean that powers that were earlier enjoyed by the king will now be exercised by our elected representatives. If you were participating in this conversation what would be your response to each of these? Which of these reflect a wrong understanding of what federalism is? What makes India a federal country?
Answer:
Reply to Khag Raj: You are right to some extent, but whatever facilities are being provided to various castes, those facilities are their rights. They were deprived of those rights. Federalism is successful if it is based on mutual trust.

Reply to Sarita: It is not essential, that a country should be big for federalism. A small country, like Belgium, has also adopted federalism. This system gives representation in power to all the people.

Reply to Babu Lai: This system should not be applicable only in Terai areas, but in the whole country, so that everyone may get an opportunity to participate. Reply to Ram Ganesh: I agree with your views because the public is the source of power in Federalism. For administration, the people elect their representatives.

The views of Khag Raj and Ram Ganesh reflect a wrong understanding of federalism. The division of powers between a three-tier government, written and rigid constitution, an independent judiciary and of course, an independent Election Commission makes India, a Federal country.

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 16 & 17)

Civics Chapter 2 Class 10 Important Questions HBSE  Question 4.
Isn’t that strange? Did our constitution makers not know about federalism? Or did they wish to avoid talking about it?
Answer:
No, it is not strange. Our constitution makers knew about federalism but at that time, our democracy was at its initial stage. If at that time, the states were given the federal rights, the country might have disintegrated. They planned to introduce changes through amendments with the strengthening of democracy.

Question 5.
If agriculture and commerce are state subjects, why do we have ministers of agriculture and commerce in the Union cabinet?
Answer:
There are ministers of agriculture and commerce in the union cabinet, so that they may have a check on the states. Sometimes, we see agricultural and commercial relationship between various countries due to active participation of the centre.

Let Us Revise based Questions (Page 18)

Question 7.
(i) Pokharan, the place where India conducted its nuclear tests, lies in Rajasthan. Suppose the Government of Rajasthan was opposed to the Central Government’s nuclear policy, could it prevent the government of India from conducting the nuclear tests ?
Ans. No, Rajasthan Government could not oppose the Central Government because ‘Security of country’ is the subject of ‘union list’ on which, Centre
has all the rights to take any decision.

(ii) Suppose the Government of Sikkim plans to introduce new textbooks in its schools. But the Union Government does not like the style and content of the new textbooks. In that case, does the State government need to take permission from the Union Government before these textbooks can be launched?
Answer:
In our constitution, education comes under concurrent list for which both the union and states can make laws. So, Sikkim goverment has its right to launch a now textbook whether it is liked by the Central Government or not. Sikkim Government does not need prior permission of union movement. But if there is any controversy regarding the content of the book which can effect our national interest, then the union government can intervene.

(iii) Suppose the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha have different policies on how their state police should respond to the Naxalites. Can the Prime Minister of India intervene and pass an order that all the Chief Ministers will have to obey?
Answer:
In our constitution, police matters come under state list and the police has the responsibility to maintain law and order in the state. So, the chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha have full right to manage the law and order situation in their states in response to Naxalism.
The Prime minister of India cannot force the state to obey his order on police matters. But both union and state governments cannot ignore the problems of Naxalism. So it will be better that different state governments along with union government comes together and form a common policy to tackle this problem.

Map-based Questions (Page 19)

Question 8.
Answer the following questions :
(i) Has your village/town/city remained under the same State since Independence? If not, what was the name of the earlier State?
Answer:
Yes, Our village/town/city has remained under Rajasthan State since Independence.

(ii) Can you identify any three States whose names in 1947 have changed later?
Answer:
(a) Rajasthan was part of ‘Rajputana’.
(b) Punjab was the part of ‘North-West Province’.
(c) Madhya Pradesh was known as ‘Central Province’.

(iii) Identify any three States which have been carved out of a bigger State.
Answer:
(a) ‘Jharkhand’ is carved out of Bihar.
(b) ‘Chhattisgarh’ is carved out of Madhya Pradesh.
(c) ‘Uttarakhand’ is carved out of Uttar Pradesh.

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 20 & 21)

Question 9.
Why Hindi? Why not Bangla or Telugu?
Answer:
‘Hindi’ and ‘English’ have been declared as the official languages by our Constitution. But, the people of non-Hindi areas are free to choose their official language.

Question 10.
Are you suggesting that regionalism is good for our democracy? Are you serious?
Answer:
No, I am not serious, as regionalism is not good for our democracy. Our country is full of diversities based on language, complexion, culture and tradition, etc. The growth of our country depends on the combined growth of all regions.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 21)

Question 11.
Here are two cartoons showing the relationship between the Centre and States. Should the State go to the Centre with a begging bowl? How can the leader of a coalition keep the partners of government satisfied?
Answer:
No, the State should not demand more powers from the Centre. The leader of a Coalition Government can keep the partners of government satisfied by giving them a place in government and by taking their advice while deciding on any proposal.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 25)

Question 12.

Prime Minister runs the country. Chief Minister runs the state. Logically, then the chairperson of Zila Parishad should run the district. Why does the D.M. or Collector administer the district?
Answer:
The administration of the district cannot be given to the chairperson of Zila Parishad because, if they are given that right, every district will have its own policies and laws, which will result in confusion and chaos. That’s why, to prevent this administrative confusion and chaos, D.M. or Collector runs the district according to the policies of state government. This maintains order in the system.

Newspaper-based Question (Page 25)

Question 13.

What do these newspaper clippings (as presented in the picture) have to say about efforts of decentralisation in India ?
Answer:
There is a news related to Panchayats in these clippings. These express the participation of women in politics. Justice is easy and cheap. The finance is given by the Centre, directly to Panchayats, for development.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Federalism Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer:

Question 2.
Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.
Answer:

Question 3.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer:
Similar feature: Belgium and India both, are Federal countries. Both have a three-tier government.
Different feature: At third tier (or level) Belgium has community government while India has local self-government.

Question 4.
What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Answer:
In a Federal form of Government as in India, the powers are divided between a Central Government and the various constituent units of the country. While in a unitary form of government, the National (Central) Government has all the powers. Any constitutional powers given to the states of the country are dependent on the national government, which can withdraw them at any time. Sri Lanka is one such example.

Question 5.
State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Answer:
Two differences between the local governments before and after the Constitutional amendments in 1992 are as follows :

• Initially, there was no option of election in local governments, but after 1992, there are regular elections held at the local level.
• There was no source of income before 1992, but now, finance is directly sent to local governments by the Centre.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks :
Since the United States is a …………….. type of federation, all the constituent states
have equal powers and states are ………….. vis-a-vis the federal government. But
India is a …………… type of federation and some States have more power than others.
In India, the …………… government has more powers.
Answer:
1. coming together
2. stronger
3. holding together
4. central.

Question 7.
Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman: The language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer:
I would support the reaction of Sangeeta because it is true that the accommodation policy has strengthened our National Unity. An example is the case of the English language. According to the Constitution, the use of the English language for official purposes was to stop in 1965. But, many non-Hindi-speaking states demanded that the use of the English language should be continued. The Central Government agreed to continue the use of English along with the Hindi language for official purposes. Such flexibility shown by the Central Government of India, helped our country to avoid the conflict that is being faced by Sri Lanka.

Question 8.
The distinguishing feature of a federal government is :
(a) National government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
Answer:
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.

Question 9.
A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent lists as provided in the table below:
(A) Defence
(B) Police
(C) Agriculture
(D) Education
(E) Banking
(F) Forests
(G) Communications
(H) Trade
(I) Marriages
Answer:

Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) State government – State List
(b) Central govemment-Union List
(c) Central and State governments- Concurrent List
(d) Local governments- Residuary powers
Answer:
(d) Local governments – Residuary powers.

Question 11.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Options

Answer:

Question 12.
Consider the following two statements:
(A) In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated
(B) India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
(C) Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
(D) India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to ‘the local government bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A, C and D
(c) A and B only
(d) B and C only
Answer:
(c) A and B only.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

HBSE 10th Class Geography Forest and Wildlife Resources Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 13)

Forest and Wildlife Resources HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 1.
Find out stories prevalent in your region which are about the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

Textbook (Page No. 15)

Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Geography HBSE Question 2.
What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna? Ans. The negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora, and fauna are :

1. Expansion of railways in the colonial period.
2. Formation of agricultural land by clearing the forests.
3. Commercial forestry.
4. Construction of large-scale river projects.
5. Mining activities.
6. Hunting and poaching.
7. Grazing and fuelwood collection.
8. Environmental pollution.

Textbook (Page No. 18)

Forest and Wildlife Resources Chapter 2 Question and Answer HBSE Question 3.
Have you noticed any activity which leads to the loss of bio-diversity around you? Write a note on it and suggest some measures to prevent it.
Answer:
Yes, I have noticed some activities around me which lead to the loss of bio-diversity. These activities are as follows:

1. In my neighborhood, some families who are living in huts, use wood as a daily fuel. This causes loss to the bio-diversity.
2. The demand of wooden furniture is increasing in my city. This results in increasing loss of forests.
3. Many people living in my neighbourhood are non-vegetarian. This results in increasing demand of meat of many birds and animals.
4. In the last few days, I saw a group of Nilgai which had been grazing in a farm. This group was shot dead by the landlord of the farm.

Measures to Prevent the loss of Biodiversity:

1. Hunting and Poaching should be strictly restricted by the state and central governments.
2. Use of plastic furniture should be promoted, thus wood cutting could be decreased.
3. People should be inspired to become vegetarian to save the birds and animals.

Textbook (Page No. 19)

Question 4.
Collect more information on the Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks of India and cite their locations on the map of India.
Answer:
See map printed on the last page of this chapter.

Textbook (Page No. 21)

Question 5.
Write a short essay on any practices which you may have observed and practised in your everyday lives that conserve and protect the environment around you.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Forest and Wildlife Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large-scale developmental projects
(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
Answer:
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection.

(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation ?
(a) Joint Forest Management
(b) Chipko Movement
(c) Beej Bachao Andolan
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Answer:
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries.

2. Match the following animals with their category of existence:
Animals/Plants Category of existence

3. Match the following:

Answer:
1 → (B)
2 → (C)
3 → (A)

4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) What is bio-diversity? Why is bio-diversity important for human lives?
Answer:
Bio-diversity itself is a combination of two words – Bio means life and diversity means variety. Thus, it is the sum total of all the varieties of plants, animals and micro¬organisms found within a specified geographical region. Bio-diversity is very important for human lives because we cannot imagine life on earth without flora and fauna.

(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Answer:
Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning, deforestation are the factors created by human beings which have led to the depletion of flora and fauna. Other important causes of environmental destruction are- unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well – being. Overpopulation in third world countries is often cited as the cause of environmental degradation.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?
Answer:
in some areas of the country, local communities are struggling to conserve forests and wildlife:
(i) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining, by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
(ii) In some areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement.
(iii) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
(iv) The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas, but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.
(v) Farmers and citizen groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals is possible and economically viable.
(vi) The Mundas and the Santhals of Chhota Nagpur region worship and conserve the mahua and kadamba trees.
(vii) In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of black buck, (Chinkara), Nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community, and nobody harms them.

(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer:
(A) Practices to conserve Forests:

1. Cutting of timber should be restricted.
2. Afforestation should be on a large scale.
3. Special functions like Van Mahotsavas should be celebrated.
4. All the fallow lands should be planted with trees.
5. Women should be involved in all massive community programmes for conserving forests.
6. Community forestry, farm forestry and social forestry should be made people’s programmes.

(B) Conservation of Wildlife:

1. Numerous species like Lion, Tiger, Blackbuck etc. have been declared endangered because of their constantly decreasing numbers.
2. Wildlife is being provided security, protection and conservation by setting up of National Parks, Bird Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves and Zoological Parks.
3. Census operations have been conducted to ascertain the exact number of wildlife.
4. Various schemes and programmes like ‘Project Tiger’, ‘Project Elephant’ etc. have been taken up and success has been achieved in these programmes.

Knowledge Basket

Question 1.
Make a chart of normal species, Endangered species, Vulnerable species, Rare species, Endemic species, and Extinct species.
Answer:

Question 2.
Make a poster on depletion of forests.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Study the following two pictures carefully and answer the following questions

(i) Which animal do you see in Fig. 1?
(ii) Which animal is shown in Fig. 2?
(iii) These two pictures are from the same National Park. Give the name of the park?
Answer:
(i) The animal shown in Fig. 1 is the Indian Rhino.
(ii) The animal shown in Fig. 2 is deer.
(iii) These two pictures are related to the Kaziranga National Park in Assam.