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Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development World

HBSE 10th Class Geography Resource and Development Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 1)

Resource and Development Class 10 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 1.
Can you identify and name the various items used in making life comfortable in our villages and towns ? List the items and name the material used in their making.
Answer:
Do it yourself, (house, Rail transport, Roads, many types of goods, furniture etc.) All of them are made with help of many Natural Resources like wood, forest, water, minerals, soil and many more.)

Textbook (Page No. 2)

Class 10th Geography Chapter 1 Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
Identify at least two resources from each category.
Answer:
Resource category Example

1. Biotic Resources – Humans, plants, animals.
2. Abiotic Resources – Rocks, metals, soil.
3. Renewable Resources – Solar energy, wind energy, water, forest and wildlife.
4. Non-renewable Resources – Minerals and fossil fuels.
5. Individual Resources – Plots, houses, parks, pasture-lands, wells.
6. Community Owned Resources – Grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds.
7. National Resources – Roads, canals, railway tracks, minerals, water,
   forest and wildlife.
8. International Resources – Exclusive Economic Zone, Oceanic routes.
9. Potential Resources – Geo-thermal energy, wind energy, solar energy.
10. Developed Resources – Coal, mineral oil, water.
11. Stock – Water, wind.
12. Reserves – Water in the dams, forests.

Resource and Development Question Answers HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
Identify some other resources which are international in nature,
Answer:
Water, seas, oceans, and their resources are included in international resources.

Textbook (Page No. 3)

Question 4.
Prepare a list of stock and reserve resources that you are familiar with from your local area.
Answer:
Stock – Water, Solar energy. Wind energy, Geothermal energy etc.
Reserve – Forest, River water, Water stored in dams etc.

Question 5.
Imagine, if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our life style?
Answer:
If the oil supply gets exhausted one day, this would affect our life in the following ways :

• The transport system would be severly affected.
• We would have to go by cycle or on foot.
• Goods would not be transported from one place to another place by vehicles.
• Vegetables and daily needs would become far more expensive.

Question 6.
Plan a survey in your colony/village to investigate people’s attitude towards re-cycling of the domestic/agricultural wastes. Ask questions about:
(a) What do they think about the resources they use?
Answer:
They think of resources is as their own personal property.

(b) What is their opinion about waste and its utilization?
Answer:
Many people do not know about waste management even nowadays, but some people know to manage resources according to their uses.

(c) Collage your results.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

Textbook (Page No. 4)

Question 7.
Prepare a list of resources found in your state and also identify the resources that are important but deficit (hard to find) in your state.
Answer:
Resources found in Rajasthan

1. Minerals
2. Soil
3. Animals
4. Forest
5. Water.

Resources deficit (hard to find) in Rajasthan Energy resources like coal, crude oil, natural gas and water.

Question 8.
What resources are being developed in your surroundings by the community/village panchayats/ward level committees with the help of community participation?
Answer:
Resource development at the level of village panchayat:

1. Development of agricultural gardening.
2. Development of barren land.
3. Development of pasture land.
4. Construction of ponds and wells for water.
5. Development of burial grounds.
6. Development of community buildings.

Resource development at ward level:

1. Development of gardens and parks.
2. Construction of drinking water tanks.

Textbook (Page No. 6)

Question 9.
Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts (Fig. 1.4) given for land use and find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to 2014-15 very marginally.
Answer:

Causes of marginal change in net sown area:

• Government did not emphasize on increasing agricultural area.
• To increase production, other methods were adopted, like- using fertilizers, high yielding variety of seeds etc.

Causes of marginal change in forest cover:

• Cutting of forest was made illegal.
• Awareness was spread among the masses towards conservation of forests.
• Afforestation was also done.

Question 10.
Find out the reasons for the low proportion of net sown area in these states.
Answer:
The low proportion of the next sown area is found in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Andaman Nicobar Islands due to hilly relief conditions and badlands.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Resource and Development Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions:

(i) Which one of the following types of resources is iron-ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Stock
(d) Non-renewable.
Answer:
(d) Non-renewable.

(ii) Under which of the following types of resources can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable.
Answer:
(a) Replenishable.

(iii) Which of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive Cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing.
Answer:
(c) Over irrigation.

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand.
Answer:
(d) Uttarakhand.

(v) In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Chhattisgarh/Gujarat.
Crops : Cotton is mainly grown in the black soil.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:
Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Three main features of this soil are :
(a) It is very fertile.
(b) It contains adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
(c) It is a transported soil.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer:
To control soil erosion in the hilly areas, various steps like-terrace farming, contour ploughing, shelter belts and strip cropping should be taken.

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer:

• Biotic Resources : These are obtained from biosphere and have life, such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
• Abiotic Resources : All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources, such as rocks and metals.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(A) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
Answer:
Land use pattern in India (2014-15) is as follows:

1. Net sown area – 45.5%
2. Forest – 23.3%
3. Cultivable waste land – 4-0%
4. Fallow land other than current fallow – 3-6%
5. Permanent pastures – 3-3%
6. Area Under Non-agricultural uses – 8-7%
7. Miscellaneous tree crops and groves – 1-0%
8. Current fallow – 4-9%
9. Barren and waste land – 5-5%

Causes of marginal change in net sown area:

1. Government did not emphasize on increasing agricultural area.
2. To increase production, other methods were adopted, like – using fertilizers, high yielding variety of seeds etc.

Causes of marginal change in forest cover:

1. Cutting of forest was made illegal.
2. Awareness was spread among the masses towards conservation of forests.
3. Afforestation was also done.

From above data we find that:

1.  Land under forest has increased during the last forty-five years.
2. Land not available for cultivation has increased and land under tree crops has decreased.
3. The land under permanent pasture has decreased.

Land under forest has not increased much since 1960-61 because of the following reasons:

1. People are not using forest land properly. They are cutting trees without proper planning. They are not planting new trees.
2. Population of India is increasing very rapidly. More and more land is being used for
   construction of buildings to fulfil the requirements of increasing population. It is also required for the construction of roads, railway lines, factories, bridges, etc.
3. Wasteland reclamation plans are not implemented properly.
4. Expansion in net sown area due to additional requirement of agricultural land.
5. Due to mining and land degradation, land under fores ; has not increased much.

(B) How have technical and economic development led to increased consumption of resources?
Answer:
Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources. The following description reveals this:

1. Technological development has converted subsistence agriculture into commercial agriculture, and this has led to the over-utilisation of soil.
2. Technological development has led to industrialisation, which has increased the use of natural resources.
3. Economic development has led to urbanisation and modernisation, which demands more resources.
4. Technological development has also improved the process of mining.
5. Higher level of technical development needs more and more resources for production activities.
6. Information Technology has brought a boom in human choices, interests, hobbies, life style and status symbols.
7. People are tempted to follow the western line of consumption.

Knowledge Basket

Question 1.
Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.
Answer:
Do it yourself with help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Have a discussion in the classroom – how to conserve various resources used in your school.
Answer:
Organize a discussion by yourself.

Question 3.
Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our lifestyle?
Answer:
If the oil supply gets exhausted one day, this would affect our life in the following ways :

1. The transport system would be severely affected.
2. We would have to go by cycle or on foot.
3. Goods would not be transported from one place to another place by vehicles.
4. Vegetables and daily needs would become far more expensive.

Question 4.
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.
Clues :

Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals.
(ii) A type of non-renewable resource.
(iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(vi) The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils.

Answer:
(1) Resources
(2) Minerals
(3) Black,
(4) Laterite
(5) Afforestation
(6) Alluvial.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

HBSE 10th Class Civics Power Sharing Intext Questions and Answers

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 2)

Civics Chapter 1 Class 10 Important Questions HBSE  Question 1.
I have a simple equation in mind. Sharing Power = dividing power = weakening the country. Why do we start by talking of this?
Answer:
I do not agree with this formula. Sharing of powers does not make any country weak. In fact, power sharing makes the country strong despite having many diversities.

Map-Based Question (Page 2-3)

Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Question Answer HBSE Question 2.
Look at the maps of Belgium and Sri Lanka. In which region, do you find concentration of different communities ?
Answer:
(i) There are French, Dutch and German-speaking people in Belgium. Dutch-speaking people are 59 per cent of total population of the country and they live in Flemish region while 40 per cent French-speaking people live in the Wallonia region. The remaining one per cent people speak German.
(ii) The Sinhalese is the major group in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the North and East of the country. Indian Tamils live in the North, South and Central regions. Muslims are in minority.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 45)

Chapter 1 Power Sharing HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
What’s wrong if the majority community rules? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule ?
Answer:
The political party that achieves maximum number of seats has the right to rule. If a majority community rules, it is against the right of minority. If Sinhalese don’t rule in Sri Lanka, they will rule wherever they will form a majority.

Question 4.
What kind of a solution is this? Iam glad our constitution does not say which minister will come from which community.
Answer:
This question is related to Belgium. This arrangement is helpful to avoid civil strife between the two major communities and division of the country on linguistic basis.

Question 5.
So you are saying that sharing of power makes us more powerful. Sounds odd Let me think.
Answer:
Yes, it is true. Power sharing makes us more powerful because of the following reasons-
(i) Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between different social groups.
(ii) Power sharing helps to ensure the stability of polical order.
(iii) Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
(iv) The absence of power sharing results into imposition of will by majority community over others. In the short run, it appears attractive, but in the long run, it undermines the unity of the state.

Let us revise based question (Page 6)

Question 6.
Annette studies in a Dutch-medium school in the northern region of Belgium. Many French-speaking students in her school want the medium of instruction to be French. Selvi studies in a school in the northern region of Sri Lanka. All the students in her school are Tamil speaking and they want the medium of instruction to be Tamil. If the parents of Annette and Selvi were to approach respective governments to realize the desire of the child, who is more likely to succeed? And why ?
Answer:
Annette’s parents would more likely succeed, because, the constitution of Belgium declares that the community government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues. It can solve their issue, but in case of Sri Lanka, Sinhalas have established their supremacy; so, there is no chance of Selvi’s parents succeeding.

Pius box Based Question (Page 7)

Question 7.
Can you help poor Vikram in answering Vetal?
Answer:
Yes, I can help poor Vikram in answering Vetal.

Questions asked by Vetal –
(i) If you had the power to rewrite the rules in Lebanon, what would you do?
Answer:
If I had the power to rewrite the rules in Lebanon, I would have formed (or implemented) the same laws for all.

(ii) Would you stick to the old rules or do something else?
Answer:
As there is the sharing of all communities, everyone has the right to vote and to contest, so there is no need to do something new.

Cartoon-Based Question (Page 8)

Question 8.
What according to cartoon is the relationship between democracy and concentration of power ?
Answer:
It is showed through the cartoon, that Vladimir Putin framed the laws in such a manner, so that he could control the democracy according to his wishes. Outwardly, this is democracy but in reality, it is the concentration of power.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 9)

Question 9.
In my school, the class monitor changes every month. Is that what you call a power sharing arrangement ?
Answer:
Yes, the changing of class monitor every month can be called a power-sharing arrangement, because this gives every student in the class an opportunity to exercise control over his/her classmates. This is democratic also.

Let us Revise Based Question (Page 10)

Question 10.
Here are some examples of power sharing. Which of the four types of power sharing do these represent? Who is sharing power with whom?
(a) The Bombay High Court ordered the Maharashtra state government to immediately take action and improve living conditions for the 2,000 odd children at seven children’s homes in Mumbai.
Answer:
This example represents the power sharing between different organs of government. This represents power sharing between the judiciary and the executive.

(b) The government of Ontario state in Canada has agreed to a land claim settlement with the aboriginal community. The minister responsib for Native Affairs announced that the government will work with aboriginal people in a spirit of mutual respect and co-operation.
Answer:
This is an example of power sharing between different social groups. There is power sharing between aboriginal people and other social groups.

(c) Russia’s two influential political parties, the ‘Union of Right Forces’ and the ‘Liberal Yabloko Movement’, agreed to unite their organisations into a strong right-wing coalition. They propose to have a common list of candidates in the next parliamentary elections.
Answer:
This is an example of political parties, pressure groups and movements, having joint control over power or authority. Here, there is power sharing between ‘Union of Right Forces’ and ‘Liberal Yabloko Movement’. –

(d) The finance ministers of various states in Nigeria got together and demanded that the federal government declare its sources of income. They also wanted to know the formula by which the revenue is distributed to various state governments.
Answer:
This is power sharing on various levels. Here, the power sharing is between the federal and various state governments.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Power Sharing Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
OR
Describe any three forms of power sharing.
Answer:
in modem democracies, power sharing can be seen at various levels or in various forms. Broadly, this power sharing can be categorized into four forms. These forms are discussed below :

(i) Power sharing among the different organs of government : power is shared among different organs of government. These organs are legislature, executive and judiciary. The main function of legislature is to enact or pass the laws. It also controls the finance of the states. The other main function of executive is to implement the policies of the government and to execute the laws framed by legislature. Judiciary interprets the laws. It also has advisory powers. These organs do not use unlimited powers. Each organ checks the others. This arrangement of power sharing is also known as ‘horizontal distribution of power’ and the method of ‘checks and balances’.

(ii) Power sharing among governments at different levels : Power can be shared among the centre and the state or regional governments. Such type of government is known as the ‘Federal Government’. In India, we see this type of government. The provincial or regional governments in different countries are known by different names. The power is shared by higher and lower levels of government. Therefore, it is also known as ‘vertical division of power1.

(iii) Power sharing among different social groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example in this regard. In India, through ‘reserved constituencies’ in Legislative Assembl es and Parliament, representation is given to various social groups who feel alienated from government. In some other countries also, constitutional and legal arrangements are made to provide a share in power to weaker sections and women.

(iv) Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: Political parties, pressure groups and movements have control and influence over those who are in power. In modern democracies, we find a competition for power among different political parties. These political parties represent different ideologies and social groups. In lack of a clear majority, the political parties form a coalition government and in this way they share power. Besides, pressure groups, interest groups, such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, workers, etc. also have a share in power, either through participation in governmental committees or by bearing influence on decision-making process.

Question 2.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context. (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
Prudential Reason : Power sharing is good for democracy as it reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups and checks the imposition of majority community over others.
Example:
In India, this has been done by reserving seats in the Parliament and State legislatures and government services for members belonging to SCs and STs.

Moral Reason : Power sharing is the soul of democratic rule, as power sharing involves those who are affected by its exercise.
Example:
In India, members from different political parties get elected to the legislatures or the Parliament and contribute in the working of the government.

Question 3.
After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman: Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mathayi: Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ouseph : Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.
Answer:
Among these three different views, we agree with the views of Ouseph that ‘every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions’. This view can be justified on the following grounds

• It is a wrong concept that power sharing is needed only in countries which are big in size or which are divided on religious, ethnic and cultural bases. In fact, every society needs power sharing because it is an essential element of democracy.
• In a democracy, the people rule themselves through their representatives.
• It can check all kinds of conflicts and political instability.
• It is essential for the unity, integrity and harmony of the country.

Question 4.
The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Answer:
No, the measure taken by the Mayor of Merchtem is not in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. The arrangements seek to mantain peace between the French and Dutch-speaking communities. By banning French, the mayor will cause civil unrest. Both the languages should be made acceptable in the town’s schools. This bilingual education system will be a better way to integrate the people of the town.

Question 5.
Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this. “We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream. of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy- in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
Answer:
The prudential reason for power sharing offered in this passage is giving power to Panchayats, which is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.

Question 6.
Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below?
A. reduces conflict among different communities.
B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness.
C. delays decision making process.
D. accommodates diversities.
E. increases instability and divisiveness.
F. promotes people’s participation in government.
G. undermines the unity of a country.

Answer:
(a) A, B, D, F.

Question 7.
Consider the following statements about power-sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
A. In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.
B. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) C and D
(d) B, C and D
Answer:
(d) B, C and D.

Match List I (forms of power sharing) with list II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists :

Answer:

Answer:
(c) B, D, A, C.

Question 9.
Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:
A. Power sharing is good for democracy.
B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Question 10.
Which of these statements are true and false ?
(a) A is true but B is false.
(b) Both A and B are true.
(c) Both A and B are false.
(d) A is false but B is true.
Answer:
(b) Both A and B are true.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

HBSE 10th Class Geography Lifelines of National Economy Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 80)

Lifelines of National Economy Class 10 Solutions HBSE Geography Question 1.
Find out places linked by the National Highway 2 and 3.
Answer:
Places linked by the National Highway 2 – Delhi-Faridabad-Ballabhgarh-Palwal- Kosi-Mathura-Agra-Firozabad-Etawah-Kanpur-Varanasi-Mohania-Aurangabad-Champaran- Dumri-Sirsa-Asansol-Raniganj-Srirampur-Kolkata.
Places linked by the National Highway 3 – Agra-Dholpur-Muraina-Gwalior-Shivpuri- Guna-Indore-Dhule-N asik-Thane-Mumbai.

Textbook (Page No. 82)

Lifelines of National Economy Chapter 7 HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 2.
Find out the current Railway zones and their headquarters Also locate the head quarters of Railway zones on the map of India.
Answer:

Textbook (Page No. 86)

Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 3.
Why is air-travel preferred in the north-eastern state?
Answer:
The relief of north-eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests, frequent floods and international frontiers etc. Air travel can cover these very difficult terrains with great ease thus, it is preferred in the states of north-eastern parts of India.

Question 4.
Find out the names of the countries connected by Indian Airlines.
Answer:
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Qatar, UAE, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Kuwait and other main countries.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Lifelines of National Economy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions :

(i) Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor ?
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur
(b) Silchar and Porbandar
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(d) Nagpur and Siliguri.
Answer:
(b) Silchar and Porbandar.

(ii) Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays ?
(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Pipeline
(d) Waterways.
Answer:
(c) Pipeline.

(iii) Which one of the following states is not^connected with the H.V.J. pipeline ?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra.

(iv) Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well protected port along the east coast ?
(a) Chennai
(b)Paradwip
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Vishakhapatnam.
Answer:
(d) Vishakhapatnam.

(v) Which one of the following is the most important modes of transporation in India ?
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways.
Answer:
(c) Roadways.

(vi) Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries ?
(a) Internal trade
(b) International trade
(c) External trade
(d) Local trade.
Answer:
(b) International Trade.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words :

(i) State any three merits of roadways.
Answer:
(i) Construction cost of roads is very low.
(ii) Roads provide door-to-door services.
(iii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.

(ii) Where and why is rail transport the most convenient mode of transportation?
Answer:
The rail transport in plains is the most convenient mode of transportation because of their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources, that provide the most favourable conditions to its growth.

(iii) What is the significance of the border roads?
Answer:
The border roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain, defence preparedness, and have helped in the economic development of these areas.

(iv) What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Answer:
Trade refers to the exchange of goods between two parties, such as people, states
and countries. When trade is conducted between villages, cities and towns of a country, it is called local trade. When the goods are exported or imported from one country to another country, it is called international trade.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words :

(i) Why are the modes of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
Answer:
(a) We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places.
(b) Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. They need modes of transportation.
(c) The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services, as well as their movement over space.
(d) Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system.
(e) Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc. have been contributing towards socio-economic progress in many ways.
(f) The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of the economy of a nation.
(g) It has enriched our life and added facilities for the comforts of life.
Thus, we can say that a dense and|efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for local, national and global trade of today, and it is a lifeline of national economy. W

(ii) Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer:
Changing nature of India’s International Trade: International trade has undergone a great change in the last fifteen years. We can understand it through the following points:
(a) Exchange of goods and commodities has been superseded by the exchange of information
and knowledge.
(b) India has emerged as a software giant in the world and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
(c) The composition of commodities in International Trade of India has been undergoing a change over the years. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined whereas share of petroleum and crude products and other commodities has increased.
(d) India exports agricultural and allied products, ores and minerals, gems and jewellery, chemical and allied products, engineering goods, etc. whose share has been increasing over the last few years.
(e) India imports petroleum and petroleum products, pearls and precious stones, gold and silver, chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes, and other unclassified items etc.
(f) Tourism in India has grown over the last three decades. Foreign tourists’ arrival in the country has witnessed an increase of about 23.5%.
(g) India is having increasing trade relations with the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Russia, Europe and the major oil-producing countries, other than with Great Britain.
(h) India has also been exporting manufactured goods to other countries.
(i) India’s trade relations with the SAARC region countries are also on an increase.

Knowledge Basket

Quiz Drive
1. Northern terminal of the North-South corridor.
2. The name of National Highway No. 2.
3. The headquarters of the southern railway zone.
4. The rail gauge with a track width of 1.676 m.
5. The southern terminal of National Highway No. 7.
6. A Riverine Port.
7. Busiest railway junction in Northern India.
Answer:
Start your search vertically, horizontally or diagonally and reach various destinations across the country!

• Srinagar
• Shershah Suri Marg
• Chennai
• Broad Gauge
• Kanyakumari
• Kolkata
• Mughal Sarai.

Railway line has been extended from Banihal to Baramula in the Kashmir Velley. Locate these two towns on the map of India. (Page 84)
Answer:

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

HBSE 10th Class Geography Manufacturing Industries Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 63)

On the occasion of Diwali, Harish went to a market with his parents. They purchased shoes and clothes for him. His mother purchased utensils, sugar, tea and diyas (earthen lamps). Harish observed that the shops in the market were flooded with items for sale. He wondered how so many items could be made in such large quantities. His father explained that shoes, clothes, sugar etc. are manufactured bjr machines in large industries, some utensils are manufactured in small industries, while items like diyas are made by individual artisans in household industry.

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Solutions HBSE Geography Question 1.
Do you have some ideas about these industries?
Answer:
Yes, on the basis of production, industries are classified into three types :
(i) Large Scale Industry : Clothes, sugar etc.
(ii) Small Scale Industry : Shoes, utensils etc.
(iii) Cottage Industry : Diyas (Earthen Lamps).

Textbook (Page No. 65)

Manufacturing Industries Chapter 6 HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 2.
Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods :
(i) Oil
(ii) Knitting needles
(iii) Brassware
(iv) Fuse wires
(v) Watches
(vi) Sewing Machines
(vii) Ship building
(viii) Electric bulbs
(ix) Paint brushes
(x) Automobiles.
Answer:
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods, industries are classified into two categories : (i) Heavy Industries and (2) Light Industries.

Heavy Industry:
(i) Shipbuilding
(ii) Automobiles.

Light Industry:
(i) Oil
(ii) Knitting needles
(iii) Brassware
(iv) Fuse wires,
(v) Watches
(vi) Sewing Machines
(vii) Electric bulbs
(viii) Paint brushes.

Textbook (Page No. 66)

Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries HBSE 10th Class Geography Question 3.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi?
Answer:

• So that large number of people could be employed
• For promoting the cottage industries
• To develop the feeling of nationalism
• To reduce dependence on foreign clothes,
• to boycott foreign clothes.

Question 4.
Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than power loom and handloom?
Answer:
It is important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than power- loom and handloom because, through power loom and handloom, large number of people get employment.

Textbook (Page No. 68)

Question 5.
Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities?
Answer:
It is important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities because :

• By improving the weaving sector, people can get jobs on large scale.
• It will increase textile production.
• Fine quality of cotton products and clothes can be prepared.
• Extra quantities of textile can be exported, through which, maximum foreign currency can be earned.

Textbook (Page No. 69)

Question 6.
Make a list of all such goods made of steel that you can think of.
Answer:

1. Tables
2. Chairs
3. Doors
4. Utensils
5. Boxes
6. Electrical appliances
7. Medical appliances
8. Motorcars
9. Cycles
10. Railway bridges
11. Windows
12. Rods etc.

Textbook (Page No. 69)

Table 6.1 : Total finished steel production in India.

Question 7.
Why is the per capita consumption of steel so low in India?
Answer:
The per capita consumption of steel is so low in India because :

• Per capita income is very low in India.
• Living standard is very low.
• Durable substitutes of steel are available at very low prices and they are also very light weight.

Question 8.
Collect information about products of steel plants in India.
Answer:
Major products of steel plants in India are wire, steel sheets, wheels, rail lines, rings and bearings, wire rods etc.

Textbook (Page No. 71)

Question 9.
Collect information from different sources and discuss.
Answer:
The Tata group has contracted with the government of Odisha to set up a giant steel plant in the Kalingnagal area. As the tribals livings in this area would have lost their land and their livelihoods would be threatened, they revolted on 2nd January 2006, and in a police firing incident, 13 tribals were killed.

Textbook (Page No. 72)

Question 10.
A factory produces aluminium saucepans with plastic handles. It obtains aluminium from a smelter and a plastic component from another factory. All the manufactured saucepans are sent to a warehouse :
(a) Which raw material is likely to be most expensive to transport and why?
Answer:
Aluminium is likely to be most expensive to transport, because it is heavier than plastic.

(b) Which raw material is likely to be the cheapest to transport and why?
Answer:
Plastic is likely to be the cheapest to transport, because it is light in weight.

Question 11.
Do you think the cost of transporting the finished products after packaging is likely to be cheaper or more expensive than the cost of transporting aluminium and plastic? Why?
Answer:
Transporting the finished products after packaging is likely to be more expensive than the cost of transporting aluminium and plastic, because:

• They will occupy more space.
• The destination of finished products is not an industry, but the whole of country, and sometimes, the whole world.
• Finished products need delicate care. Therefore, transporting them needs extra cost in their packaging.
• The finished products have to be sent to different destinations.

Textbook (Page No. 73)

Question 12.
Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
Answer:
The ideal locations to set up the cement manufacturing units are :

• The units should be set up close to the availability of raw material because this industry requires bulky and heavy raw material.
• The place should have continuous supply of electric power.
• The place should have efficient network of railways and road transport.

Question 13.
Find out where the cement plants are located in other states of India. Find their names.
Answer:

• Madhya Pradesh: Katni, Satna, Damoh, Gwalior, Neemuch, etc.
• Andhra Pradesh: Panayam, Manchharela, Machhalipatnam, Vijaywada, Karimnagar, Krishna, etc.
• Tamil Nadu: Tirunalvaley, Rajmalyalam, Durg, Dalmiya Nagar, etc.
• Karnataka: Shahabad, Bhadravati, Bijapur, Tumkur, Bagalkot, etc.
• Jharkhand: Sindri, Japla, Kalyanpur, Dalmiyanagar, etc.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Manufacturing Industries Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Plastic
(d) Automobile
Answer:
(b) Cement.

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC.
Answer:
(b) SAIL

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel.
Answer:
(a) Aluminium smelting.

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer etc?
(a) Steel
(c) Aluminium smelting
(b) Electronic
(d) Information Technology.
Answer:
(d) Information Technology.

2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:

(i) What is manufacturing?
answer:
Production of goods in large quantities after processing them from raw material to more valuable articles is called manufacturing.

(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of industries. 2019
Answer:

• Availability of raw material
• Climate
• Sources of Power.

(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of industries. 2019
Answer:

• Availability of human labour
• Availability of capital
• Market.

(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer:
Those industries, which supply their products or raw material to manufacture other goods, are called basic or key industries. Examples – Iron and Steel industry.

(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Answer:
This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials, like limestone, silica and gypsum.

3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words:

(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer:
(1) An integrated steel plant is large and handles everything in one complex. On the other hand a mini steel plant is smaller, has electric furnace, uses steel scrap and sponge iron. It produces mild and alloy steel of a given specification. It is a decentralised secondary unit, which specialises in one or two processes only.

(2) Problems of Steel Industry: In the present time, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. We are unable to perform to our full potential, largely, because of the following problems faced by iron and steel industry.
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
(b) Lower productivity of labour.
(c) Irregular supply of power.
(d) Poor infrastructure.

(3) Recent Developments: Recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity are as follows :
(a) Liberalisation
(b) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
(c) Efforts of Private Entrepreneurs.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer:
Industries are responsible for four types of pollution :
(a) Air
(b) Water
(c) Land
(d) Noise.

(a) Air Pollution: It is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories, that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects. Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings, and the atmosphere, as a whole.

(b) Water Pollution: The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries, that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals, like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.

(c) Thermal Pollution: Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds, before cooling. Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities, cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.

(d) Noise Pollution: Noise Pollution is very harmful for human, as well as animal life. Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. It not only results in irritation and anger but can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.

(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Answer:
To minimise the environmental degradation by industry, the following steps can be taken:
(i) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases –

(1) Primary treatment, by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation
and sedimentation. –
(2) Secondary treatment, by biological process.
(3) Tertiary treatment, by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
(iv) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
(v) Over exploitation of water should be prohibited by legal framework.
(vi) Use of silencers fitted with machinery and equipments that cause noise pollution. Earphones and earplugs to be given to employees.
(vii) Ensuring use of smoke stacks with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and internal separators.

Knowledge Basket

Activity
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets :
(i) Used to drive machinery – (5) P.
(ii) People who work in a factory – (6) W
(iii) Where the product is sold – (6) M.
(iv) A person who sells goods – (8) R.
(v) Thing produced – (7) P.
(vi) To make or produce – (11) M.
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded – (9) P
Answer:
(i) Power
(ii) Worker
(iii) Market
(iv) Retailer
(v) Product
(vi) Manufacture
(vii) Pollution.

Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area.
(i) What are the raw materials they use?
(ii) What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation costs?
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms?
Answer:
Agro-based Industry – Sugar Industry :
(i) Sugar cane,
(ii) Capital, labour, power, water and transportation etc.
(iii) Yes, these factories are following environmental norms.

Mineral-based Industry – Cement Industry :
(i) Limestone, dolomite, silica, gypsum and coal.
(ii) Capital, labour, electricity, water and transportation etc.
(iii) No, these factories are not following environmental norms.

Activity
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers :

1. Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called
2. The basic raw material for sugar industry.
3. This fibre is also known as the ‘Golden Fibre’.
4. Iron-ore, coking coal, and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry.
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place.
Answer:
l. Agro-based
2. Sugar cane
3. Jute
4. Iron-steel
5. Bhilai.
6. Varanasi.

Draw a line diagram of industry-market linkage. (Page No. 64)

Answer:
Industry Market linkage –

Draw a line diagram of an ideal location of an industry. Page No. 64)
Answer:
Ideal location of an industry

How the value is added in the Textile industry? (Page No. 66)
Answer:
Value addition in the Textile industry

Trace the process of manufacture of steel through a line diagram. (Page No. 69)
Answer:
Processes of manufacture of steel

Show the process of manufacturing of Aluminium through a line diagram.
Answer:
Process of manufacturing of Aluminium:

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

HBSE 10th Class Geography Minerals and Energy Resources Intext Questions and Answers

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 48)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
Find out how many minerals are used to make a light bulb?
Answer:

1. Mica
2. Tungsten
3. Copper
4. Aluminium
5. Argon (a gas, not a mineral).

HBSE 10th Class Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Question 2.
Collect “Nutritional Facts” printed on food labels.
Answer:
Food item – Biscuit (Sunfeast 100 gm)
Nutritional facts –

• Energy = 448.5 cal
• Protein = 8.7 gm
• Carbohydrates = 76.2 gm
• Fats = 12.1 gm.

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 50)

Minerals and Energy Resources Chapter 5 Geography HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
What is the difference between an open pit mine, a quarry and an underground mine with shafts?
Answer:
Open Pit Mine : Open-pit mining refers to a method of extracting minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit. These mines are used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rocks are found near the surface. The layer above the seam is removed and the exposed deposit is extracted using earth-moving machinery.

Quarry : Quarry is usually shallower than open-pit mines. It is generally used for extracting building materials, such as limestone.

Underground Mine with shafts : Underground mine is used when minerals occur deep below the surface or the minerals occur as veins in hard rock. Underground shaft mining is used to extract precious material. Shaft mines have vertical access to the seam via elevators, that carry workers and equipment into the mines. It is the deepest form of underground mining.

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 51)

Question 4.
Superimpose the maps showing distribution of iron ore, manganese, coal and iron and steel industry. Do you see any correlation ? Why?
Answer:

Correlation: Iron-ore, manganese and coal are found very close to each other. Iron and steel industries have also been established in the same region. The reasons behind this correlation are :

• Iron-ore and manganese are the basic raw materials required for iron and steel industry.
• Coal is also required in abundance, to produce energy for melting purposes.
• Raw materials required for iron and steel industry are bulky.

Their transportation will be very costly therefore, industries have been established in the regions which are rich in iron, manganese and coal.

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 53)

Question 5.
Locate the mines of Bauxite on the physical map of India.
Answer:

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 54)

Question 6.
Study the maps to explain why Chotanagpur is a store house of minerals.
Answer:
Chotanagpur Plateau is spread in Jharkhand and West Bengal states. This plateau is made up of Achian, granite, colarite and basalt rocks. It is formed by igneous and metamorphic rocks, therefore various minerals can be seen in the veins of these rocks. The various minerals obtained from these rocks are coal, copper, mica, bauxite, limestone, iron- ore, krynite, asbestus, uranium, dolomite, manganese and gold etc

Dig a Little Deeper (Page No. 56)

Question 7.
Make a list of items where substitutes are being used instead of minerals. Where are these substitutes obtained from?
Answer:

Activity (Page No. 58)

Question 8.
Name some river valley projects and write the names of dams built on these rivers.
Answer:

(Page No. 60)

Question 9.
Collect information about newly-established Solar Power Plants in India.
Answer:
Newly established Solar Power Plants in India are-

Question 10.
Locate the 6 nuclear power stations and find out the state in which they are located.
Answer:

HBSE 10th Class Geography Minerals and Energy Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions :

(i) Which of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) Coal
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Zinc.
Answer:
(b) Bauxite

(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which of the following minerals?
(a) Bauxite
(b) Mica
(c) Iron ore
(d) Copper
Answer:
(b) Mica

(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks :
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
(d) None of the these.
Answer:
(a) Sedimentary rocks

(iv) Which of the following minerals is contained in Monazite sand?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal.
Answer:
(c) Thorium

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words :

(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words :
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals

Ferrous Minerals:

• Minerals which contain iron-ore are called ferrous minerals.
• Iron-ore, nickel, manganese, tungsten, cobalt are important ferrous minerals.

Non Ferrous Minerals:

• Minerals which do not contain iron-ore are called non-ferrous minerals.
• Copper, zinc, gold, silver, mica are important non-ferrous minerals.

(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy :

conventional Energy Sources:

• These resources have been in use by human since ancient times.
• These are non-renewable sources of energy, e.g., coal and petroleum.
• Over use of these resources causes environmental pollution.

Non-conventional Energy Sources:

• These resources have been in use by human beings for some decades.
• These are renewable sources of energy, e.g., solar energy, wind energy.
• These resources do not cause any type of pollution.

(ii) What is a Mineral?
Answer:
A substance which is found in the earth’s crust, and which generally has a definite chemical composition unlike most rocks is called mineral. According to geologists, mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance, with a definite internal structure.

(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
Sometimes, minerals in the liquid or molten and gaseous forms are pushed upward due to the internal movement of the earth. These minerals, after passing through the cracks, cavities, faults or joints of the igneous and metamorphic rocks, get cooled, and solidify on the earth’s surface.

(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer:
We need to conserve mineral resources for the following reasons :

• Geological process of mineral formation is very slow and takes millions of years.
• Minerals are non-renewable resources.
• These are of vital need for us, and for developmental activities.
• According to geologists, stocks of minerals are depleting fast.
• Mining of minerals is a costly process.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words :

(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer:
In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages:
(a) The Gondwana series
(b) The tertiary series.

(a) The Gondwana coal occurs over 200 million years in age. The Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar Valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coal fields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits.

(b) Tertiary coal occurs only about 55 million years in age. The maj or sources of tertiary coals occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs. It is used for power generation, to supply energy to the industry as well as for domestic needs. F our types of coals, i.e. lignite, bituminous, anthracite and peat are found.

(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer:
Solar energy has a bright future in India because India is a tropical country. Thus, it has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. India has Thar desert which can become the biggest solar power house of India. Solar energy is a renewable source. It does not cause pollution. It is comparatively easy and cheaper to be installed at a local level. Solar plants can be easily established in rural and remote areas.

This will reduce dependence on firewood and dung cakes in rural households. It can be used for cooking, pumping water, refrigerators and street lighting. So, its demand will increase in future. Since India is a developing country, there is every possibility of-increase in consumption of power. Solar energy availability in India is about 20 mw. per sq. km. per annum. Therefore, I think solar energy has a bright future in India.

Knowledge Basket

Fill the names of the correct mineral in the crossword below:

Across
1. A ferrous mineral (9)
2. Raw material for cement industry (9)
3. Finest iron-ore with magnetic properties (9)
4. Highest quality hard coal (10)
5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7)
6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6)
7. Formed due to evaporation (6)

Down
1. Found in placer deposit (4)
2. Iron-ore mined in Bailadila (8)
3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4)
4. Geological age of coal found in north-east India (8)
5. Formed in veins and lodes (3)
Answer:

Question 1.
Study the given pie diagram and answer the following questions :
(i) Which is the largest iron-ore producing state of India?
(ii) Name the second largest iron producing state.
(iii) Name any three iron-ore producing states.
Answer:
(i) Odisha
(ii) Chhattisgarh
(iii) (a) Karnataka (b) Jharkhand (c) Goa.

Question 2.
Study the given pie diagram and answer the following questions:
(i) Name the leading manganese producing state of India.
(ii) How much share Madhya Pradesh has in producing manganese?
(iii) What share has Orissa given in the production of manganese?
Answer:
(i) Madhya Pradesh, it accounted for one third of the county’s total production in 2016-17
(ii) Madhya Pradesh = 27 per cent
(iii) Odisha = 25 per cent.

Question 3.
Study the given pie diagram and answer the following questions:
(i) Name the leading producer of Bauxite.
(ii) Name the second largest producing state of Bauxite.
(iii) State the sharing of Jharkhand and Odisha in the production of Bauxite.
Answer:
(i) Odisha
(ii) Gujarat
(iii) Jharkhand = 9 per cent, Odishah = 49 per cent.

Question 4.
Study the given pie diagram and answer the following questions:
(i) Name the leading producer of Limestone.
(ii) Mention the sharing of other states in the production of Limestone.
(iii) Write any one industrial use of Limestone.
Answer:
(i) Rajasthan = 21%
(ii) Other states = 79%
(iii) Limestone is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace.

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

HBSE 10th Class Geography Agriculture Intext Questions and Answers

Textbook (Page No. 34)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
Can you name some industries based on agricultural raw material?
Answer:

1. Cotton Textile Industry
2. Rubber Industry
3. Tea Industry
4. Perfume Industry
5. Sugar Industry
6. Oil Industry.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Question 2.
Can you name some such types of farmings?
Answer:
Yes. These are

1. Jhumming in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
2. Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
3. Podu or Penda in Andhra Pradesh.
4. Pama Dabi or Bringa in Odisha.
5. Kumari in Western Ghats.
6. Khil in Himalayan belt.
7. Kuruwa in Jharkhand.
8. Valre or Waltre in South-Eastern Rajasthan.

Textbook (Page No. 35)

Agriculture Chapter 4 Geography HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in?
Answer:
Slash and bum agriculture.

Question 4.
Can you enlist some crops which are grown in such farming?
Answer:
Normally, dry paddy, maize, millets and vegetables are grown in such farming.

Question 5.
Can you name some of the states of India where such farming is practised?
Answer:

1.  Assam
2. Meghalaya
3. Mizoram
4. Nagaland
5. Manipur
6. Chhattisgarh
7. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 6.
Can you give some more examples of crops which may be commercial in one region and may provide subsistence in another region?
Answer:
Wheat is grown as a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana, while it is grown as a subsistence crop in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Assam.

Textbook (Page No. 42)

Question 7.
List the items which are made of rubber and are used by us.
Answer:

1. Tyres and Tubes
2. Belts
3. Shoes
4. Gloves
5. Ball
6. Instruments
7. Erasers
8. Machines used in exercise.

Textbook (Page No. 44)

Question 8.
Find out why an Indian farmer does not want his son to become a farmer?
Answer:
An Indian farmer does not want his son to become a farmer because of the following reasons:

1. The productivity of land has declined.
2. New fertile land for fanning is no more available.
3. Lack of irrigation facilities.
4. Problem of land degradation.
5. Low income per hectare.

Question 9.
Why are farmers committing suicides in several states of the country?
Answer:
The Indian farmers are committing suicides because of the following reasons:

1. Increasing unemployment.
2. Starvation.
3. Increasing family problems due to bad economic conditions.
4. Increasing size of family.
5. Destruction of crops due to natural calamities.

Textbook (Page No. 45)

Question 10.
Organise a debate on food security of India, its need and efforts.
Answer:
(Do this activity with help of your teacher)

Textbook (Page No. 45)

Question 1.
Can you name any gene modified seed used vastly in India?
Answer:
(i) B.T. Cotton
(ii) B.T. Brinjal.

HBSE 10th Class Geography Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture.
Answer:
(b) Plantation Agriculture.

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton.
Answer:
(b) Gram.

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jowar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum.
Answer:
(a) Pulses.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:
Beverage Crop: Tea Geographical conditions required:
(a) Warm and moist frost-free climate throughout the year.
(b) Frequent showers evenly distributed.

(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:
One staple crop of India is rice. The major rice-producing regions in India are plains of North and North-East India, coastal areas and deltaic regions. Other regions are Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Northern Rajasthan.

(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers.
Answer:
Various institutional reforms introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers include collectivisation, consolidation of holding, co-operative societies, abolition of zamindari system, crop insurance, establishment of Grameen Banks, Kisan Credit Card Scheme, declaration of minimum support price etc.

(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:
(a) It will affect food security.
(b) The agro-based industry will suffer because of the shortage of raw materials.
(c) Increase in unemployment.
(d) Increase in land degradation.
(e) Increase in poverty.
(f) Rise in prices of the agricultural commodities.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words :
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Answer:
(a) Institutional Reforms: To increase production in agriculture, the government has introduced some institutional measures which include collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, co-operation and abolition of zamindari system.

(b) Comprehensive Land Development Programme: In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development program was initiated, which included both, institutional and technical reforms. Provision for crop insurance against drought, food, cyclone, fire and disease, the establishment of Grameen banks, Co-operative Societies and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest, were some important steps in this direction.

(c) Widespread Use of Radio and Television: It enables farmers to get knowledge about new agricultural practises, new techniques of production and the market situation.

(d) Declaration of Minimum Support Price: This relieves the farmers from the uncertainties associated with marketing of crops, especially if there is a bumper crop. He has been assured of a minimum guaranteed price.

(e) Subsidies: The government is providing huge subsidies on the agricultural inputs. At present maximum subsidy is being given on fertilizers.

(f) Public Procurement System: Agriculture Price Commission has been set up which declares the prices of agricultural products in advance so that the farmers may know what they are going to get for their agricultural products. Government agencies, like the FCI (Food Corporation of India) purchase agricultural products from the farmers.

(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
Merger of economy of individual countries into a global economy is known as globalisation. Globalisation is not a new phenomenon for India. It was there at the time of colonisation. In the nineteenth century, when European traders came to India, at that time too, Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world. Till today, it is one of the important items of export from India. Under globalisation, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges. India, despite being an important producer of rice, tea, cotton, jute, rubber, coffee, and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries.

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at the crossroads to improve the condition of marginal and small farmers. Change in cropping pattern, for example, from cereals to high-value crops will mean that India will have import food, but if India imports cereals while exporting high-value commodities, it will be following successful economies like Italy, Israel and Chile.

(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Answer:
Rice is a staple food crop of India. Though, it is considered to be a crop of tropical humid areas, it has about 3,000 varieties which are grown in different agro-climatic regions. These are successfully grown from sea level to about 2,000 metre altitude and from humid areas in eastern India to dry, but irrigated areas of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Northern Rajasthan. In Southern States and West Bengal, the climatic conditions allow the cultivation of two or three crops of Rice in an agricultural year, but in the Himalayas and North-Western parts of India, it is grown as a kharif crop during south-west monsoon season. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world, after China. India contributes 22 per cent of rice production in the world.

It is a Kharif crop that requires the following geographical conditions :
(a) Temperature: It requires a high temperature, above 25°C to grow.
(b) Rainfall: It requires high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In areas with less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.
(c) Soil: Rice can be grown in a variety of soils including silts, loams, and gravels, but it is best grown in alluvial soil with clayey sub-soil.

Knowledge Basket

Question 1.
Group discussion on the necessity of literacy among farmers.
Answer:
Students can discuss the following topics under the supervision of their teachers :

1. Literacy rate in India, (74.04%)
2. Reasons for low literacy rate, (Socio-economic backwardness)
3. Effects of low literacy on agriculture, (Low knowledge of farming methods)
4. Benefits of literacy etc. (Good knowledge of farming, intruments and seeds)

Question 2.
On an outline map of India show wheat producing areas.
Answer:

Activity
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers :

(1) The two staple food crops of India.
(2) This is the summer cropping season of India.
(3) Pulses like arhar, moong, gram, urad contain
(4) It is a coarse grain.
(5) The two important beverages in India are
(6) One of the four major fibres grown on black soils.
Answer:
(1) (i) Wheat, (ii) Rice
(2) Kharif
(3) Protein
(4) Jowar,
(5) (i) Tea, (ii) Coffee
(6) Cotton.
Skilled Questions based on Chart and Tables

Question 1.
Study the given data carefully and answer the following questions :
Table: India – Growing GDP and major sectors in (%) :

Source: Economic Survey, 2015-16
(i) Which is the difference between 2013-14 and 2015-16 GDP ratios.
Answer:
1 per cent.

(ii) What was the rate in agriculture in 2015-16 ?
Answer:
1.1 per cent.

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions Ex 3.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions Ex 3.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Relations and Functions Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Relations and Functions Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Relations and Functions Ex 2.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Relations and Functions Ex 2.3

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 लोकतंत्र के परिणाम Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 लोकतंत्र के परिणाम

HBSE 10th Class Civics लोकतंत्र के परिणाम Textbook Questions and Answers

लोकतंत्र के परिणाम प्रश्न उत्तर HBSE 10th Class Civics प्रश्न 1.
लोकतंत्र किस तरह उत्तरदायी, जिम्मेवार और वैध सरकार का गठन करता है?
उत्तर-
लोकतंत्र सरकार का उत्तरदायी, जिम्मेवार तथा वैध सरकार का गठन करता है। ऐसी व्यवस्था में शासन शासित लोगों द्वारा निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधियों द्वारा बनायी जाती है। यह निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधि अपने कार्यों के लिए लोगों के प्रति उत्तरदायी होते हैं। इस प्रकार लोकतंत्र में उत्तरदायी सरकार का गठन होता है। लोकतंत्र में शासन करने वाले शासन कार्यों को करते हुए अपनी जिम्मेवारी को समझते हैं। शासन करने वाले अन्य विचार रखने वाले लोगों के दृष्टिकोण को भी वजन देते हैं; अल्पसंख्यकों के हितों की अनदेखी नहीं करते; किए गए निर्णयों में सम्मति बाने का प्रयास करते हैं। लोकतंत्र में बनी सरकार इस दृष्टि से वैध होती है क्योंकि इसका गठन लोगों की सहमति पर होता है तथा लोगों के कल्याण में शासन चलाया जाता है।

लोकतंत्र के परिणाम Class 10 HBSE Civics प्रश्न 2.
लोकतंत्र किन परिस्थितियों में सामाजिक विविधता को सफलता है और उनके बीच सामंजस्य बैठाता है?
उत्तर-
लोकतंत्र केवल बहुमत का शासन मात्र नहीं होता।
प्रत्येक प्रकार के लोकतंत्र में बहुसंख्यक के साथ-साथ अल्पसंख्यक भी होते हैं। लोकतंत्र में अल्पसंख्यक की अनदेखी नहीं की जाती। साथ ही लोकतंत्र में अनेक प्रकार की अन्य सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, नस्लीय धार्मिक, भाषायी प्रकार की विविधताएँ भी होती हैं। लोकतांत्रिक सरकार इनमें विविधताओं में सामंजस्य बैठाने का प्रयास करता है तथा लिए जाने वाले निर्णयों में उनके हितों की अनदेखी नहीं करता।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित कथनों के पक्ष या विपक्ष में तर्क दें:
(क) औद्योगिक देश ही लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था का भार उठा सकते हैं पर गरीब देशों को आर्थिक विकास करने के लिए तानाशाही चाहिए।
(ख) लोकतंत्र अपने नागरिकों के बीच की असमानता को कम नहीं कर सकता।
(ग) गरीब देशों की सरकार को अपने ज्यादा संसाधन गरीबी को कम करने और आहार, कपड़ा, स्वास्थ्य तथा शिक्षा पर लगाने की जगह उद्योगों और बुनियादी आर्थिक ढाँचे पर खर्च करने चाहिए।
(घ) नागरिकों के बीच आर्थिक समानता अमीर और गरीब, दोनों तरह के लोकतांत्रिक देशों में है।
(ङ) लोकतंत्र में सभी को एक वोट का अधिकार है। इसका मतलब है कि लोकतंत्र में किसी का प्रभुत्व और टकराव नहीं होता।
उत्तर-
(क) लोकतांत्रिक सरकार खर्चीली सरकार आवश्यक होती है। परन्तु आवश्यक नहीं कि औद्योगिक देश ही लोकतांत्रिक बन सकता है। गरीब देश भी लोकतंत्र को अपनाकर विकास कर सकता है।
(ख) लोकतंत्र ही अपने नागरिकों के बीच अपमानता को कम कर सकता है। समानता लोकतंत्र की नींव होती है। _ (ग) गरीब देशों को सन्तुलित विकास करने के लिए उद्योगों व सामाजिक सेवाओं दोनों पर खर्च करने की आवश्यकता है। यह और बात है कि कुछेक मद्दों पर पहले चार्च किया जाता है तथा कुछेक पर बाद में।
(घ) आर्थिक समानता तो हर प्रकार के लोकतांत्रिक देश में होती है।
(ङ) ‘एक व्यक्ति, एक मत’ व्यवस्था में सामाजिक, आर्थिक व अन्य टकराव हो सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
नीचे दिए गए ब्यौरों में लोकतंत्र की चुनौतियों की पहचान करें। ये स्थितियाँ किस तरह नागरिकों के गरिमापूर्ण, सुरक्षित और शांतिपूर्ण जीवन के लिए चुनौती पेश करती हैं। लोकतंत्र को मजबूत बनाने के लिए नीतिगत-संस्थागत उपाय भी सुझाएँ
(i) उच्च न्यायालय के निर्देश के बाद ओड़िसा में दलितों और गैर-दलितों के प्रवेश के लिए अलग-अलग दरवाजा रखने वाले एक मंदिर को एक ही दरवाजे से सबको प्रवेश की अनुमति देनी पड़ी।
(ii) भारत के विभिन्न राज्यों में बड़ी संख्या में किसान आत्महत्या कर रहे हैं।
(iii) जम्मू-कश्मीर के गंडवारा में मुठभेड़ बताकर जम्मू-कश्मीर पुलिस द्वारा तीन नागरिकों की हत्या करने के आरोप को देखते हुए इस घटना के जाँच के आदेश दिए गए।
उत्तर-
(i) उच्च न्यायालय का निर्देश लोकतांत्रिक भी है तथा संवैधानिक भी। भारत का संविधान छुआछूत को असंवैध निक व गैर-कानूनी कहता है। लोकतंत्र को मजबूत करने के लिए समानता को लागू किया जाना तथा भेदभाव का भेदभाव का उन्मूलन आवश्यक है।
(i) लोकतंत्र लोक-कल्याण पर जोर देता है। यदि किसी लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था में जैसे कि भारत में ऐसी व्यवस्था विद्यमान है किसान बड़ी संख्या में आत्म-हत्या कर रहे हैं तो यह देश व सरकार के लिए एक बड़ी चुनौती है। सरकार को ऐसी स्थिति से उबारने के लिए गम्भीर कदम उठाने चाहिए।
(iii) लोकतंत्र में शान्ति-व्यवस्था कायम करना पुलिस का कार्य है। परन्तु इस प्रक्रिया में यदि पुलिस कोई गैर-कानूनी (भले उसका नजर में ऐसी प्रक्रिया कानूनी क्यों न हो) उठाती है तो लोगों की माँग पर जाँच-पड़ताल कराए जाने के आदेश दिए जाने चाहिए।

प्रश्न 5.
लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाओं के संदर्भ में इनमें से कौन-सा विचार सही है-लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाओं ने सफलतापूर्वकः
(क) लोगों के बीच टकराव को समाप्त कर दिया है। .
(ख) लोगों के बीच की आर्थिक असमानताएँ समाप्त कर दी हैं।
(ग) हाशिए के समूहों से कैसा व्यवहार हो, इस बारे में सारे मतभेद मिटा दिए हैं।
(घ) राजनीतिक गैर बराबरी के विचार को समाप्त कर दिया है।
उत्तर-
लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाएँ लोगों में टकराव समाप्त करके सामाजिक सद्भावना का वातावरण बनाती है। आर्थिक असमानताओं के उन्मूलन की सम्भावना लोकतंत्रीय व्यवस्था में अधिक होती है। समस्त समूहों के साथ न्यायपूर्ण व्यवहार किया जाना चाहिए। लोकतंत्र विचारों को समाप्त नहीं करता, मतभेदों में मेल-मिलाप बैठाता है। (क), (ख), अपेक्षाकृत अधिक सही है।

प्रश्न 6.
लोकतंत्र के मूल्यांकन के लिहाज से इनमें कोई एक चीज लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाओं के अनुरूप नहीं है। उसे चुनें:
(क) स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष चुनाव (ख) व्यक्ति की गरिमा (ग) बहुसंख्यकों का शासन (घ) कानून से समक्ष समानता
उत्तर-
(ग) बहुसंख्यकों का शासन।

प्रश्न 7.
लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था के राजनीतिक और सामाजिक असमानताओं के बारे में किए गए अध्ययन बताते हैं कि
(क) लोकतंत्र और विकास साथ ही चलते हैं।
(ख) लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाओं में असमानताएँ बनी रहती हैं।
(ग) तानाशाही में असमानताएँ नहीं होती।
उत्तर-
(क) लोकतंत्र और विकास साथ ही चलते हैं।

प्रश्न 8.
नीचे दिए गए अनुच्छेद को पढ़ें:
नन्नू एक दिहाड़ी मजदूर है। वह पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक झुग्गी बस्ती वेलकम मजदूर कॉलोनी में रहता है। उसका राशन कार्ड गुम हो गया और जनवरी 2006 में उसने डुप्लीकेट राशन कार्ड बनाने के लिए अर्जी दी। अगले तीन महीनों तक उसने राशन विभाग के दफ्तर कई चक्कर लगाए लेकिन वहाँ तैनात किरानी और अधिकारी उसका काम करने या उसके अर्जी की स्थिति बताने की कौन कहे उसको देखने तक के लिए तैयार न थे। आखिरकार उसने सूचना के अधिकार का उपयोग करते हुए अपनी अर्जी की दैनिक प्रगति का ब्यौरा देने का आवेदन किया। इसके साथ ही उसने इस अर्जी पर काम करने वाले अधिकारियों के नाम और काम न करने की सूरत में उनके खिलाफ होने वाली कार्रवाई का ब्यौरा भी माँगा। सूचना के अधिकार वाला आवेदन देने के हफ्ते भर के अंदर खाद्य विभाग का इस इंस्पेक्टर उसके घर आया और उसने नन्नू को बताया कि तुम्हारा राशन कार्ड तैयार है और तुम दफ्तर आकर उसे ले जा सकते हो। अगले दिन जब नन्नू राशन कार्ड लेने गया तो उस इलाके के खाद्य और आपूर्ति विभाग के सबसे बड़े अधिकारी ने गर्मजोशी से उसका स्वागत किया। इस अधिकारी ने उसे चाय की पेशकश की और कहा कि अब आपका काम हो गया है इसलिए सूचना के अधिकार वाला अपना आवेदन आप वापस ले लें।

नन्नू का उदाहरण क्या बताता है? नन्नू के इस आवेदन का अधिकारियों पर क्या असर हुआ? अपने माता-पिता से पूछिए कि अपनी समस्याओं के लिए सरकारी कर्मचारियों के पास जाने का उनका अनुभव कैसा रहा है।
उत्तर-
नन्नू के उदाहरण से स्पष्ट होता है कि यदि लोग अपने अधिकारों का प्रयोग करें तो वह सरकार व कर्मचारियों से अपनी समस्याओं का समाधान करा सकते हैं। सूचना के अधिकार के प्रयोग से लोग अपनी शिकायतों का निवारण कर सकते हैं। नन्नू के आवेदन पर अधिकारियों पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ा। फलस्वरूप वह सभी अपने-अपने कार्यों को करने में व्यस्त हो गए। ऐसी अनेक समस्याएँ लोगों को झेलनी पड़ती है। यदि लोग सचेत हों तो वह सरकार से अपनी समस्याओं को हल कर सकते हैं।