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Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.4

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.3

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.2

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Ex 9.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Ex 8.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Ex 8.2

Haryana State Board HBSE 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Ex 8.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 11th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Ex 8.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties

HBSE 10th Class Civics Political Parties Intext Questions and Answers

Let Us Revise based Question (Page 75)

Political Parties HBSE 10th Class Civics Question 1.
Categorise these photographs by the functions of political parties they illustrate. Find one photograph or news clipping from your own area for each of the functions listed above.
Answer:
(A) (i) Playing the role of opposition.
(ii) Implementation of policies and schemes.
(iii) Protesting against the policy of government.
(B) Students should find themselves the photographs related to the above listed functions.

Plus Box based Question (Page 76)

HBSE 10th Class Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties Question 2.
Kishenji is no more. What would be your advice to these four activists? Should they form a new political party? Can a political party become a moral force in politics? What should that party be like?
Answer:

1. These four activists should move ahead with the social transformation by forming a new political party, because it is only the way they can do something good for the society.
2. Yes, of course, they should form a new party.
3. Yes, it can do so by translating its promises into actions. The party should be accountable to common people.
4. The party should focus on the immediate problems of the people. It should select only those candidates who are willing to serve the society in the true sense.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 83)

Chapter 6 Political Parties HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
Why don’t parties give enough tickets to women? Is that also due to lack of internal democracy ?
Answer:

•  If the parties give tickets to women, steadily the power will go into their hands, which the Indian patriarchal mentality is still not ready to accept.
• Yes, this is an example of lack of internal democracy.

Let us Revise based Question (Page 85)

Question 4.
Can you identify which of the challenges described in this section are being highlighted in these cartoons? (on pages 83 to 85)
Answer:

• The cartoons are highlighting the frequent use of money and muscle power in politics.
• These challenges are faced by the political parties.

Question 5.
What are the ways to curb the misuse of money and muscle power in politics?
Answer:

• Making the people aware of their rights about voting according to their own choice and not under the pressure of anyone else.
• People should not get greedy about money and should choose their representative correctly.
• They have the right to speak and can reveal information about the areas where money and muscle power is used when chance comes.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 86)

Question 6.
Attention “Electoral discipline is not our cup of Tea ” Do you agree that this form of reforming political parties will be acceptable to them?
Answer:
I think it would not be acceptable to the political parties to observe electoral discipline.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Political Parties Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy
or
Describe any five functions of political party.
Answer:
The various functions performed by different politi al parties are:
(i) To Contest Elections:
In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In some countries, like the USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidates. In other countries like India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.

(ii) Declaration of Policies:
In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the governments. This is what the parties do, parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. A party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions which it supports.

(iii) Moulding Public Opinion:
The parties stimulate the interest of public in the issues before the nation. They use all means of mass communication such as the press, the radio, the television, and street comer meetings. In this way, political parties try to educate, influence, and shape public opinion in their favour.

(iv) To Form and Run Governments:
The big policy decisions are taken by political executive that comes from the political parties. Parties recruit leaders, train them, and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.

(v) To Play a Role in making Laws:
Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.

(vi) To Play the Role of Opposition:
Opposition parties mobilise opposition to the government by voicing different views and criticising the government for its failures or wrong policies.

(vii) Providing People Access to Government Machinery:
Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments.

Question 2.
What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
OR
Explain any four challenges before political parties in India.
Answer:
The various challenges faced by political parties are as given below :
(i) Lack of Internal Democracy:
There is lack of internal democracy within parties. A few leaders at top positions decide every matter of the party. Parties do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly. After being elected, the ordinary members and even the public are completely ignored.

(ii) Dynastic Succession:
In India, and in some other countries also, real power in any party is occupied by the members of a family. This dynastic rule sometimes proves a great hurdle in the working of political parties as well as for true democracy.

(iii) Meaningful Choice to the Voters :
All political parties have to feel the pulse of the voters. Every voter wants a candidate which may prove to be the best choice for him. It is true that all political parties know that their rival political parties also try to imple¬ment the same programmes and policies which are liked by the majority of the voters. If we analyse this, we find that there is no clear difference between the programmes and policies of different political parties and in the elections, voters as such do not have a meaningful choice among different political parties.

(iv) Money and Muscle Power:
Nowadays, elections are very costly. A lot of money is needed at the time of elections. After winning the elections, the political parties try to amass wealth for the next elections. Money power promotes corruption before, while, during, and even after elections. Muscle power also plays a major role in winning the elections. Criminals get tickets from the political parties. They directly or indirectly threaten the voters. Democrats all over the world are worried about the increasing role of money and muscle power in democratic politics.

Question 3.
Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
OR
Describe four major efforts to reform the political parties in India. (CBSE 2016*
Answer:
The following measures can be suggested to strengthen the political parties:
(i) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members, to follow its own constitution to solve party disputes, and to hold open elections to the highest posts.

(ii) It should be made compulsory for political parties to give about one-third tickets to women candidates and there should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party.

(iii) There should be state funding of elections. The government should give parties, money to support their election expenses. This support can be given in the form of vehicles, petrol, paper, telephones, etc.

(iv) Exessive regulation of political parties can be counter-productive. This would force all parties to find ways to cheat the law.

(v) People can put pressure on political parties to bring better policies and programmes. This can be done through petitions, publicity and agitations.

Question 4.
What is a political party?
Explain the meaning of political party.
Answer:
A political party is an organised group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. Every political party has three common components:

1. The leaders
2. The active members
3. The followers and supporters. Example: Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, etc.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of a political party?
Answer:
The characteristics of a political party are as following :

1. A political party is a fundamental political division in a society.
   A political party has three components :
   (a) The leaders
   (b) The active members
   (c) The followers and supporters.
2. Every political party is registered with the Election Commission of India.
3. A political party agrees on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote collective welfare.
4. It tends to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.
5. It is known by which ideals it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests it upholds.
6. Every political party has an unique symbol.

Question 6.
A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a
Answer:
Political Party.

Question 7.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Options

Answer:

Question 8.
Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party?
A. Kanshi Ram
B. Sahu Maharaj
C. B.R. Ambedkar
D. Jyotiba Phule
Answer:
(A) Kanshi Ram

Question 9.
What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party?
A. Bahujan Samaj
B. Revolutionary democracy
C. Integral humanism
D. Modernity.
Answer:
(C) Integral humanism.

Question 10.
Consider the following statements on parties :
A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C.
Answer:
(b) A and B.

Question 11.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, and good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about a new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.

The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power) has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decision some did not like it. “Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,” said Shahedul Islam, a government official. “That government we hope would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”

But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel but politics is different-very challenging and often controversial” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer.

Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?
Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people? How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties? If you were the one to begin this political party how would you defend it?
Answer:
(a) Yes, I think Yunus made the right decision to float a new political party.
(b) (i) No, I do not agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people.
(ii) I hope that the new party would not only keep itself away from corruption but also fight against corruption and black money, making it a top priority.
(iii) I would defend my party by keeping the following points before the public:
The existing parties are traditional ones and not carrying their democratic responsibilities. So, the floating of a new party is necessary.
Our party would be democratic from the grassroots level. Our objective is to foster proper leadership, good governance and to remove poverty from the country. Thus, the new party would bring a new political culture which is different from the traditional ones.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

HBSE 10th Class Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Intext Questions and Answers

Munni and Unni’s Questions (Page 60-61)

Popular Struggles And Movements Class 10 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
Are you suggesting that strike, dharna, bandh and demonstration are good for democracy ?
Answer:
In a democracy, everyone is free to express their demands. For the purpose, he can adopt the methods of strike, dharna, bandh and demonstration. But these methods should be used only for the demands that are just or proper.

Popular Struggles And Movements Class 10 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 2.
Does it mean that whichever side manages to mobilise a bigger crowd gets away with whatever it wants? Are we saying that ‘Might is Right1 in a democracy?
Answer:
If an unjust demand is kept by a bigger crowd, the government is free to reject it. The government takes into consideration, only just demands andcan declare illegal, the ‘unjust1 demands. Hence, it is wrong to say that ‘Might is Right’ in a democracy.

Let Us Revise based Question (Page 61)

Popular Struggles And Movements HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of trees that were useful to the people. Suppose you belong to any of the following groups, what arguments would you put forward to defend your side : a local farmer, an environmental activist, a government official working in this company or just a consumer of paper.
Answer:
A Local Farmer : Eucalyptus plants destroy the trees growing in the vicinity. They will destroy the food of animals and after sometime the land would become barren. So, they should not be planted.

An Environmental Activist: The land area, where Eucalyptus is planted becomes barren after sometime. It also does not let other plants grow.

A Government Official Working in this Company: Being a Government official, my duty is to plant maximum possible eucalyptus plants.

A Consumer of Paper: I am glad that a company making paper pulp will be established. As a result, paper would be available at cheap cost.

Newspaper-based Question (Page 63)

HBSE 10th Class Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Question 4.
Can you identify the pressure groups functioning in the news clippings given here? What demand are they making?
Answer:
The pressure groups functioning in the news clippings are :

• AITUC union : It is protesting against the inclination towards U.S.A. in foreign policy. Journalists : The
• journalists are protesting against assault on a photographer.
• Delhi’s Traders : They are demanding timely refund of VAT dues to Delhi traders.
• Non-Governmental Organisations victims of Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 66)

Question 5.
Do you think the cartoon exaggerates the obstructionist role of bureaucracy in the implementation of the Act?
Answer:
The cartoon shows that the Prime Minister is inaugurating ‘The Right to Information Act”. A person is trying to give information to the people, but in vain. The obstacles are government officials.

Newspaper-based Question (Page 66)

Question 6.
What are the social movements listed in these news clippings? What efforts are they making? Which sections are they trying to mobilise?
Answer:
The social movements listed in the news clippings are :

• M.P. Tribals are demanding unrestricted right to forest land.
• Social organisations are trying to unite the people of Rajasthan against administrative irregularities.
• The workers of the ‘Right to Information’ are trying to organise poor people against corruption in Public Distribution System.
• Tribals are protesting against their displacement from forests.
• KSSP is demanding for transparency in ADB loans.

Let Us Revise based Question (Page 68)

Question 7.
The Green democracy.
In the above passage, what relationship do you see between democracy and social movements? How should this movement respond to the government?
Answer:
In the passage, Wangari Maathai was encouraging the farmers for plantation. But she was very sad to know that the government had sold out the proposed land. This signified corruption by the government, and was also against democracy. According to her, a movement should be started against this corruption.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 68)

Question 8.
This cartoon is called ’News and No News’. Who is most often visible in the media? Whom are we most likely to hear about in newspapers?
Answer:

• Generally, a discussion is going on, regarding trader, minister, leader, player, etc.
• Day-to-day events.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer:
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics by adopting the following methods :

• They carry out information campaigns, organise meetings, file petitions, etc. and try to influence media into giving more attention to these issues.
• They organise protest activities to force the government to take note of their demands.
• They take a political stance without being a party and have a political ideology and a political position on major issues.

Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.
Answer:
The relationship between pressure groups and political parties can take different forms :

1. Sometimes, pressure groups are either formed or led by political leaders, and they act as extended arms of political parties.
2. Sometimes, political parties grow out of movements. For example, the Asom movement, led by students against the foreigners led to the formation of the ‘Asom Gana Parishad’. The social reform movement (1930-40) of Tamil Nadu gave birth to political parties, the DMK and AIADMK.
3.  In most cases, the relationship between parties and pressure groups is not so direct. They often take positions that are opposite to each other.

Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:
The pressure groups have positive as well as negative impact on the functioning of a democratic government:
Negative Impact: Political parties get power after facing the people in election, so they are accountable to the people. However, since pressure groups do not get support from people therefore they are not accountable to the people.

Positive Impact: Government can often come under undue pressure from a group of rich and powerful people. Pressure groups or interest groups perform a useful role of countering this undue influence and reminding the government of the concerns of ordinary citizens.

Balancing Act: It means that if a group exerts pressure on government, another group will create counter pressure. No single group can achieve dominance over a society. This leads to balance of power.

Question 4.
What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer:
Pressure groups are organisations that tend to influence governmental policies. But, they do not control or share political power directly. Pressure groups are formed by the people of common occupation, interest and opinion to achieve a common objective. Examples are : ICCI (Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry), Labour Trade Unions, Students’ Unions, Vyapar Sangh, Women’s Unions, etc.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?”
Answer:
Political Party:

• A political party attains power in the country by contesting elections.
• Political parties have their own ideologies on the basis of which, they rule the country.
• Political parties have to remain very cautious as they have the responsibility to promote the interests of all sections of society.

Pressure Groups:

• Pressure Groups are formed by the people who have common occupations and common objectives.
• Pressure Groups attempt to influence government policies.
• Pressure groups are free from such type of responsibility.

Question 6.
Organizations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers and lawyers are called …………….. groups.
Answer:
Sectional Interest.

Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
Answer:
(a) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do. Pressure groups do not seek to mobilize people, while parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Question 8.
Match List I (organizations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Options

Answer:

Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Options

Answer:

Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties :
A. Pressure groups are the organized expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B.

Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections were held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005. In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties, and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Answer:
In the beginning, political parties and governments paid no attention to the demand of the people of Mewat. But after some time, many pressure groups like Mewat Educational and Social Organisation, Mewat Saksharta Samiti, and Mewat Vikas Sabha, raised their voices in favor of this demand. Now, it became a movement. As a result, two major political parties of Haryana, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal also supported this movement. This put pressure on the government and due to the coming assembly elections, the government accepted the demand for a separate district of Mewat. On the other hand, Narmada Bachao Andolan could not get much support of any political party, so it could not achieve its objective.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

HBSE 10th Class Civics Gender Religion and Caste Intext Questions and Answers

Cartoon-Based Question (Page 41)

Gender Religion And Caste Question Answers HBSE 10th Class Question 1.
Discuss all the perceptions of an ideal woman that prevail in our society. Do you agree with any of these ? If not, what is your image of an ideal woman?
Answer:
We do not agree with any image of ideal woman as presented in the diagram. In modem perception, an ideal woman is that, who can adjust with household as well as the outside work. She may take the help of a man, wherever it seems necessary.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 43)

Gender Caste And Religion Class 10 Question Answers HBSE Question 2.
Mummy always says to outsiders : “I don’t work. I am a housewife.” But I see her working non-stop all the time. If what she does is not work, what else is work?
Democratic Politics –
Answer:
ln most of the families, this is a case of traditional sexual division of labour. Women definitely perform household tasks and men work outside, but the work done by women is not valued and recognised by the society and this prompts mummy to say so. This definitely is work.

Plus Box Based Question (Page 44)

Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 3.
Could you think of some reasons why women’s representation is so low in India? Do you think America and Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s representation?
Answer:
A majority of Indian women is illiterate. Besides, the educated women do not want to come in politics or they have no knowledge of politics. Political parties do not give them tickets for election according to their percentage. In America and Europe, the condition of women is much better than that of the Indian women. But still, it is not satisfactory.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 45)

Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Question Answer HBSE Question 4.
If casteism and communalism are bad, what makes feminism a good thing? Why don’t we oppose all those who divide the society on any lines-caste, religion or gender?
Answer:
Casteism divides the society on the basis of castes. In the same way, communalism divides the society on the basis of religion. Both, casteism and communalism are not good for the society. Feminism makes the women aware of equal rights of men and women. Therefore, feminism is not wrong.

Cartoon-based Question (Page 45)

Civics Class 10 Gender Religion And Caste Question Answer HBSE Question 5.
This cartoon offers an understanding of why the Women’s Reservation Bill has not been passed in the Parliament. Do you agree with this reading?
Answer:
I agree with this reading. It reveals that this is a male dominated society. They have full control on the doorways of the Parliament, so that women could not enter it. But outwardly they show as if they are willing to pass ‘Women’s Reservation Bill’.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 46)

Gender Religion And Caste Class 10 Solutions HBSE Question 6.
I am not religious. Why should I bother about communalism and secularism?
Answer:
This attitude is not right. Communalism and secularism must be discussed because these issues affect the working of democracy. Moreover, they lead to tension and violence in society. So, everybody should be concerned with communalism and secularism.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 47)

Question 7.
often crack jokes about people from one religion. Does that make me communal?
Answer:
Our country is full of ethnicity therefore, it is not proper to crack jokes about people from one religion. It may hurt their religious feelings and the crisis of communalism may arise.

Munni and Unni’s Question (Page 51)

Question 3.
I don’t care what my caste is. Why are we discussing all this in the textbook? Are we not promoting casteism by talking about caste?
Answer:
Indian society is based on religion and caste. We are talking about caste, not to promote casteism, but to abolish it.

Question 9.
Now you don’t like it! Didn’t you tell me that wherever there is domination, we should discuss it in Political Science? Will caste disappear if we keep mum about it?
Answer:
In Political Science, we should discuss the domination of one caste over the other caste. If we keep silent about it, the crisis of casteism will increase. Therefore, discussion on casteism is necessary.

Cartoon-Based Question (Page 53)

Question 10.
Do you think that political leaders are right to treat people belonging to a caste as ‘vote banks’?
Answer:
It is not right on the part of the political leaders to treat people belonging to a caste as ‘vote banks’. This increases casteism and creates tension among different castes.

HBSE 10th Class Civics Gender Religion and Caste Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Answer:
In India, discrimination against women can be seen in the following fields :
In Educational Field: According to the Census 2011, the literacy rate among women is only 65-46 per cent, compared to 82-14 per cent among men. In many regions, girls are not sent for higher studies.

In the Field of Jobs: For highly paid and valued jobs, preference is not given to women. Sometimes for the same work, women are given less salary in comparison to men.

In Family: In India, most of the parents prefer to have sons and girl child is aborted before birth. As a result, child sex ratio has fallen below 800 at some places. Besides, various types of harassment, exploitation and violence against women can be seen in the society. Women are not safe even at home. They face various types of domestic violence.

In Legislatures: In our country, the proportion of women in legislatures is very low. In national Parliament and State Assemblies, their share is less than 15% and 5% respectively.

Question 2.
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer:
Communalism can take the following forms in politics :
(i) Communalism can be seen in everyday beliefs. It involves religious prejudices, one religion’s superiority over other religions. Militant religious groups are an example.
(ii) A communal mind desires political dominance for its own religious community. For example, the separatist leaders in Jammu and Kashmir.
(iii) Political mobilization on religious lines is another form of communalism. It involves sacred symbols, emotional appeal, etc. Examples in India are politicians trying to influence voters from the two largest religious communities in the country.
(iv) The ugliest form of communalism is communal riots, violence and massacre. For example, India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of partition.

Question 3.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer:
Although, caste discrimination and the practice of untouchability are declared criminal offence by our Constitution, yet caste inequalities are still continuing in India. For example:

• Most people marry within their own caste.
• Untouchability has not been ended completely.
• Caste is strongly linked with economic status.
• In elections, voting is decided on the basis of caste affiliations.

Question 4.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer:
(i) No state legislature in the country has a majority of single caste groups. Every caste group has its presence in the Parliament. This means, that no caste group can be ignored and every citizen’s vote is necessary to win the elections.

(ii) It is not necessary that people of the same caste vote for the same political party. They have different demands and vote according to their choice. This means that no political party represents only one caste.

Question 5.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer:
In India, women’s participation in the political field is very low. Their share in the national parliament is only 14.36% and in State Assemblies, it is less than 5%. This sharing in Latin America and Africa is much more. There should be laws to increase women’s share in the political field. This is what the Panchayati Raj has done in India. One-third seats of Panchayats and Municipalities are now reserved for women. As a result, there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.

Question 6.
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Answer:
Some constitutional provisions make India a secular state. Two of them are as follows:
1. There is no official religion of India while in some countries, a particular religion gets the status of official religion such as Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Islam in Pakistan and Christianity in England. But the Constitution of India does not give a special status to any religion.

2. All individuals and communities are free to practise and propagate any religion.

Question 7.
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women.
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women.
(c) Unequal child sex ratio.
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies.
Answer:
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women.

Question 8.
In India, seats are reserved for women in:
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State Legislative Assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj Bodies.
Answer:
(d) Panchayati Raj Bodies.

Question 9.
Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:
A. One religion is superior to that of others.
B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.

Question 10.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(C) A and C
(d) B and D
Answer:
(c)A and C.

Question 10.
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It :
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(b) gives official status to one religion.
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.
Answer:
(b)gives official status to one religion.

Question 11.
Social divisions based on ……………. are peculiar to India.
Answer:
caste.

Question 12.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

Otions

Answer: