HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources World Important Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Multiple Choice Questions

Forest And Wildlife Resources Class 10 Important Questions HBSE Question 1.
The sum total of all the varieties of species of plants, animals and micro-organisms found within a specified geographical region is known as:
(a) Ecological system
(b) Fauna
(c) Flora
(d) Bio-diversity.
Answer:
(d) Bio-diversity.

Forest And Wildlife Important Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 2.
What is the approximate share of India in the total number of species in the world ?
(a) 10%
(b) 2%
(c) 8%
(d) 27%.
Answer:
(c) 8%

Forest And Wildlife Resources Important Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival are known as :
(a) Rare species
(b) Normal species
(c) Endemic species
(d) Extinct species.
Answer:
(b) Normal species

Forest And Wildlife Class 10 Important Questions HBSE Question 4.
What is IUCN?
(a) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature.
(c) International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(a) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Forest And Wildlife Resources Important Question HBSE 10th Class Question 5.
The species which are in danger of extinction are called:
(a) Endangered species
(b) Rare species
(c) Extinct species
(d) All of these,
Answer:
(a) Endangered species

Class 10 Forest And Wildlife Resources Important Questions HBSE Question 6.
Which of the following species is endangered?
(a) Manipur deer
(b) Indian rhino
(c) Crocodile
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Wildlife Resources Of Haryana HBSE 10th Class Question 7.
What type of species is a Gangetic Dolphin ?
(a) Vulnerable
(b) Rare
(c) Normal
(d) Endangered,
Answer:
(a) Vulnerable

Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources HBSE Question 8.
Which of the following species is an endemic species of Arunachal Pradesh?
(a) Mithun
(b) Pigeon
(c) Gangetic Dolphin
(d) Wild Pig.
Answer:
(a) Mithun

Important Questions Of Forest And Wildlife Resources Class 10 HBSE Question 9.
Which of the following animals is the fastest racing animal in the world?
(a) Lion
(b) Cheetah
(c) Zebra
(d) Horse.
Answer:
(b) Cheetah

Forest And Wildlife Resources Extra Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 10.
In which of the following states is the Buxa Tiger Reserve located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) West Bengal
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Uttar Pradesh.
Answer:
(b) West Bengal

Extra Questions Of Forest And Wildlife Resources HBSE 10th Class Question 11.
In which of the following years was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?
(a) 1972
(b) 1973
(c) 1984
(d) 1998.
Answer:
(a) 1972

Forest And Wildlife Resources Questions And Answers 10th Class Question 12.
In which of the following years was Project Tiger’ launched?
(a) 1972
(b) 1973
(c) 1974
(d) 1975.
Answer:
(b) 1973

Forest And Wildlife Resources Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 13.
The species which is endangered because of the use of bones in traditional medicines in the Asiatic countries is:
(a) Lion
(b) Tiger
(c) Bear
(d) Deer.
Answer:
(a) Lion

Forest And Wildlife Resources Class 10 Question Answers HBSE Question 14.
Where is the Sariska Piger Reserve situatd?
(a) Utter Pradesh
(b) Assam
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Uttarakhand.
Answer:
(c) Rajasthan

Forest And Wildlife Resources Class 10 Questions HBSE Question 15.
In which of the following states is the Periyar Tiger Reserve located?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala
(d) Rajasthan.
Answer:
(c) Kerala

Question 16.
To which of the following regions is the Chipko Movement related?
(a) Himalayan region
(b) Island region
(c) Desert Region
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Himalayan region

Question 17.
In which of the following districts of Uttarakhand was the Beej Bachao Andolan imp lemented?
(a) Tehn
(b) Chamoli
(c) Pithoragarh
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Tehn

Question 18.
What is JFM?
(a) Joint Forest Management
(b) Junior Forest Manager
(c) Judicial Forest Management
(d) Joint Forest Means.
Answer:
(a) Joint Forest Management

1. India is one of the worlds countries in terms of its vast array of ………….. diversity.
Answer:
richest, biological.

2. The dimensions of …………… in india are staggering.
Answer:
deforestation.

3. Mining is another important factor behind …………..
Answer:
deforestation.

4. Over ………….. in third world countries is often seen as the cause of environmental …………..
Answer:
population, degradation.

5. Reserved forests are regarded as the most ……………. as far as the conservation of forest and ………….. resources are concerned.
Answer:
valuable, wildlife.

6. ……………. strategies are not new in our country.
Answer:
Conservation.

7. People m the Chota region worship ……………. and ………… trees.
Answer:
mahua, kadamba. trees.

8. …………….. depends on the formation of local institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on …………… forest land managed by the forest department.
Answer:
JFM, degraded.

I Match the following

Match Column A to Column B:

Column A Types of species	Column B Name of species
1. Normal species	(a) Pink head duck
2. Rare species	(b) Pine
3. Endangered species	(c) Nicobar Pigeon
4. Vulnerable species	(d) Sangai
5. Endemic species	(e) Desert fox
6. Exctinct species	(f) Blue sheep

Answer:

Column A Types of species	Column B Name of species
1. Normal species	(b) Pine
2. Rare species	(e) Desert fox
3. Endangered species	(d) Sangai
4. Vulnerable species	(f) Blue sheep
5. Endemic species	(c) Nicobar Pigeon
6. Exctinct species	(a) Pink head duck

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an ecological system?
Answer:
Humans, along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system with their non-living surroundings.

Question 2.
What is Biodiversity?
Answer:
The sum total of all the varieties of plants, animals and micro-organisms found in a specified region is called its Biodiversity.

Question 3.
What area of land in India is covered under forests?
Answer:
79.42 million hectare, which is 24.16 per cent of the total geographical area of India is covered under forests.

Question 4.
What percentage of land in India in covered with forests?
Answer:
About 24.16 per cent of land in India is covered with forests.

Question 5.
Give the classification of existing plant and animal species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
Answer:

• Normal Species:
• Endangered Species
• Vulnerable Species
• Rare Species,
• Endemic Species,
• Extinct Species.

Question 6.
Name the endangered species of India.
Answer:

• Indian Wild Ass
• Indian Rhino
• Crocodile
• Sangai (Manipur Deer).

Question 7.
Name the endemic species of India.
Answer:

• Andaman Teal
• Nicobar Pigeon
• Andaman Wild Pig
• Arunachal Mithun.

Question 8.
When was Asiatic Cheetah declared extinct in India?
Answer:
Asiatic Cheetah was declared extinct in India, long back in 1952.

Question 9.
What are rare species?
Answer:
Those types of species whose population is very less in the world. They are confined to limited areas or thinly scattered over a wider area.

Question 10.
How many square kilometres of forest area has been cleared for multipurpose river valley projects since 1951?
Answer:
5000 square kilometres of forest has been cleared for multipurpose river valley projects since 1951.

Question 11.
Which disease is cured by the use of Himalayan yew?
Answer:
Cancer is cured by the use of Himalayan yew.

Question 12.
In which states of India did thousands of yew trees get dried up in the last one decade?
Answer:
(i) Himachal Pradesh
(ii) Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 13.
What is the main cause of environmental degradation in third world countries?
Answer:
Over-population.

Question 14.
Which are the major threats to tiger population?
Answer:
The major threats to tiger population are numerous such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey-base species and growing human population.

Question 15.
What is Poaching?
Answer:
Poaching is an illegal activity of hunting animals.

Question 16.
What is a National Park?
Answer:
A national park refers to a reserved forest, where natural vegetation and wildlife is preserved in a natural environment.

Question 17.
Name any two Tiger Conservation Projects of India.
Answer:
(i) Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.
(ii) Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.

Question 18.
Which are the three types of forests on the basis of the purpose of administration?
Answer:

• Reserved forests
• Protected forests
• Unclassed forests.

Question 19.
Which state has the largest area under permanent forests?
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.

Question 20.
What is Chipko Movement?
Answer:
The movement started in the Himalayas to resist deforestation in several parts of the country.

Question 21.
What is Beej Bachao Andolan?
Answer:
A movement launched by farmers in Tehri, against the increasing use of chemical fertilizers in foodgrain production.

Question 22.
What is JFM?
Answer:
Joint Forest Management.

Short Answer Type Questions – I

Question l. How do human lives depend on the Ecological system?
OR
‘Humans depend on the Ecological system for their own existence.’ Explain.
Answer:
Like all plants and animals, human beings are also a distinct part of an ecological system. We, humans, are just a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. For example – plants, animals and microorganisms recreate the quality of air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food, without which, we cannot survive.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the threats to biodiversity in India.
Answer:
Over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species of flora are found in India. Many of these would now be categorized as ‘critical’, i.e. on the verge of extinction. Among the larger animals in India, 79 species of mammals, 44 of birds, 15 of reptiles, and 3 of amphibians are threatened. Nearly 1,500 plant species are endangered. Flowering plants and vertebrate animals have recently become extinct, at a rate estimated to be 50 to 100 times the average expected natural rate.

Question 3.
Distinguish between Normal and Endemic species.

Normal Species:
(i) These are species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival.
(ii) Examples: Cattle, Sal, Pine, Rodents, etc.

Endemic Species:
(i) These are species which are only found in some particular areas which are usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
(ii) Examples: Andaman teal, Nicobar Pigeon, Andaman Wild Pig, Mithun, etc.

Question 4
What do you mean by Vulnerable Species?
Answer:
Vulnerable species are some species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the future, if not taken good care of.

Question 5.
Write a note on Asiatic Cheetah.
Answer:
The world’s fastest land mammal, the Cheetah (Acinonyx jubantus), is a unique and specialised member of the cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km/hr. Today the Asiatic Cheetah is nearly extinct due to a decline in available habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India, long back in 1952.

Question 6.
The expansion of agriculture is an important factor responsible for the loss of forests. Explain.
Answer:
Expansion of agriculture began during the colonial period. Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 sq km, of forest area was converted into agricultural land, all over India. Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in the north¬eastern and central India, have been deforested by shifting cultivation (Jhum), a type of slash and bum agriculture.

Question 7.
How were forests destroyed by the colonial government?
Answer:
The greatest damage inflicted on Indian forests was during the colonial period in the following ways :

• Expansion of railways,
• Expansion of agriculture,
• Expansion of commercial and scientific forestry,
• Expansion of mining activities.

Question 8.
How are large-scale development projects responsible for the loss of forests?
Answer:
Large-scale development projects have contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Since 1951, over 5,000 sq km, of the forest has been cleared for river-valley projects. Clearing of forests still continues with running projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh, which would inundate 40,000 hectares of forests.

Question 9.
How does mining affect the forests?
Answer:
Mining is a major factor responsible for the loss of forests. This is clear from the following points :

• The mining process involves railways, roads, labour and machines etc. These involvements destroy the forests.
• The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining.
• Mining disturbs the natural habitat of many species and blocks the migration route of several others.

Question 10.
What is the Himalayan Yew?
Answer:
The Himalayan Yew (Taxus wallachiana) is a medicinal plant found in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. A chemical compound called ‘taxol’ is extracted from the bark, needles, twigs and roots of this tree, and it has been successfully used to treat some cancers. The species is under great threat due to over-exploitation. In the last one decade, thousands of yew trees have dried up.

Question 11.
‘The destruction of forest and wildlife affected the women severly.’ Explain.
Answer:
In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic necessities. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases in the following ways :

• Sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect the above resources.
• Due to extreme hard work, they suffer from serious health problems.
• Increased hours of work causes negligence of home and children, which often has serious social implications.

Question 12.
What are the major threats to Tiger population?
Answer:
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised that the tiger population had dwindled to 1827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The major threats to tiger population are :

• Poaching of tiger for the trade of its skin,
• Use of its bones in traditional medicines,
• Shrinking of its habitat,
• Depletion of prey-base species, and
• Growing human population.

Question 13.
How many tiger reserves are there in India ? Write the names of important tiger reserve projects and their related states.
Answer:
There were 51 tiger reserves in India, covering an area of 71027.10 sq km.

• Corbett National Park – Uttarakhand
• Sunderbans National Park – West Bengal
• Bandhavgarh National Park – Madhya Pradesh
• Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary – Rajasthan
• Manas Tiger Reserve – Assam
• Periyar Tiger Reserve – Kerala
• Ranthambhore National Park – Rajasthan.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the Sacred Groves?
Answer:
Nature worship is an age old tribal belief, based on the principle that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form, called Sacred Groves (the forests of gods and goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

Question 15.
What are the main objectives of JFM?
Answer:

• Under the Joint Forest Management Programme, local communities are involved in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
• The major purpose of JFM is to protect the forests from encroachment, grazing, theft and fire, and also to improve the forest in accordance with an approved Joint Forest Management Plan.
• In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits, like non-timber forest produce.

Short Answer Type Questions – II

Question l.
Distinguish between the Endangered and Extinct species.
Answer:
Endangered Species:

• These are the species which are in danger of extinction.
• The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population are not checked in time.
• These species can possibly be saved by special conservation.
• Examples : Black buck, Crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, Lion tailed macaque etc.

Extinct Species:

• These are the species which have not been in existence for more than 25 years in any part of the world.
• These species have been lost forever or may be extinct from the whole earth.
• These species cannot be reproduced.
• Examples : Asiatic Cheetah, Pink head duck etc.

Question 2.
Differentiate between the Vulnerable and Rare species.
Ans.
Vulnerable Species:

• These are the species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.
• A vulnerable species is a step short of an endangered species, which in turn, is a step short of an extinct species.
• Examples: Gangetic Dolphin, Asiatic Elephant, Blue sheep etc.

Rare Species:

• Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
• A rare species is a step short of a vulnerable species or an endangered species.
• Examples: Himalayan brown bear, Asiatic wild buffalo, Hornbill etc.

Question 3.
Account for the factors responsible for large-scale deforestation in India.
Answer:
Deforestation means reckless, unscientific cutting down of trees to clear the forest land for some different use.
India has experienced large-scale deforestation for a couple of centuries now. Some of the major factors responsible for this have been as given ahead:
(i) Construction and Expansion of Railway Network: This required large tracts of land and hence, forests had to be removed.

(ii) Faulty agricultural practices like shifting cultivation: For long time, it remained a usual practice to clear a raw land, cultivate it for a few years and then to move on to another piece of raw land. In this way, large tracts of forest land used to be destroyed.

(iii) Multi-purpose river projects: Large tracts of forest land came to be destroyed due to these activities.

(iv) Mining: Mining operations need big machines, labor, roads, railways etc. All these lead to deforestation. The mining activities have blocked the migration route of several species, including the great Indian elephant, thus disturbing their natural habitat.

(v) Growing Industrialisation and Urbanisation: These involved a change in land-use patterns and hence, the destruction of forests.

Question 4.
“The loss of biological resources is strong!}’ correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.” Explain.
Answer:
The destruction of “‘rests and wildlife is strongly correlated with the destruction of cultural diversity. We can i derstand this from by the following points:
(i) Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities.

(ii) These communities directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife, for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality etc.

(iii) Within these communities, the poor women are affected more than men.

(iv) As the biological resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect fuel, fodder, water etc. This causes serious health problems in women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications.

(v) The indirect impact of degradation such as severe drought or deforestation-induced floods etc. also hits the poor the hardest. Thus, we can say that the loss of biological resources is correlated with the loss of cultural diversity.

Question 5.
Describe in detail the Project Tiger.
Answer:
India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-third of the surviving tiger population in the world. These two nations became prime targets of poaching and illegal trading. ‘Project Tiger’ is one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, which was launched in 1973.

In the beginning, it showed success, as the tiger population went up to 4,002 in 1985 and 4,334 in 1989. But in 1993, the population of tigers dropped to 3,600. There were 51 tiger reserves in India, covering an area of 71027.10 sq km² Tiger conservation is not only an effort to save an endangered species, but a means of preserving bio types of sizeable magnitude. Major Tiger Reserves in India include Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.

Question 6.
Differentiate .between Reserved Forests, Protected Forests and Unclassed Forests.
Answer:

Reserved Forests:	Protected Forests:	Unclassed Forests:
(i) They are permanently earmarked either for tiniber production or other forest produce.	(i) They are protécted from any further depletion.	(i) They consist of inacessible forests or wastelands.
(ii) More than 50% of the total forest land has been declared as reserved forests.	(ii) Almost one- third of the total forest area are protected forests.	(ii) These consists IonIy 16% of the total forest area.
(iii) In such forests, the right of grazing and cultivation is not allowed.	(iii) In such forests, the right of grazing and cultivation is allowed but subject to certain reštrictions.	(iii)In such forests, no restrictions are imposed, but because of hostile terrai, nobody can easily make use of them.
(iv) The forests of Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh,  Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra fall under this category.	(iv) The forests of Bihi Haryana,Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan fall under this category.	(iv) The forests of north-eastern states and parts of Gujarat fall under this category.

Question 7.
How did the cultural values help to protect nature and its creations?
OR
Nature worship is an age-old belief. Describe how it has helped in conservation of nature and its creations?
Answer:
Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief based on the principle that all creations of nature have to be protected. It has helped conserve the wildlife and natural vegetation in the following ways:

• Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form, called Sacred ™ Groves. These parts of large forests have been left untouched by local people.
• Certain societies like the Mundas and the Santhals worship a particular tree, which they have preserved since time immemorial.
• Too many of us, Peepal and Banyan trees are considered sacred.
• Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants, and animals, which are closely protected.
• One can find troops of macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees.

Question 8.
Explain any two famous movements for the protection of forests.
Answer:
Chipko Movement: The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayan area has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas. Chipko Movement has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be made enormously successful. Attempts to revive the traditional conservation methods or develop new methods of ecological farming are now widespread.

Beej Bachao Andolan: Beej Bachao Andolan is a movement launched by farmers in Tehri (Uttarakhand), against the use of chemical fertilizers in foodgrain production. Beej Bachao Andolan and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economicaly viable.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give a brief description of the fauna in India.
Answer:
India possesses a tremendous diversity of climatic and physical conditions. As a result, India has a great variety of fauna, amounting a little over 81,000 known species. Of these, insects constitute about 40,000, molluscs a little over 5,000, mammals 372, birds 1,228, reptiles 428, amphibians 204 and fishes 2,546 species.
(i) The mammals include the majestic elephant, the gaur or the Indian bison, the great Indian rhinoceros, the gigantic wild sheep of the Himalayas, the swamp deer, the thamin spotted deer, nilgai, the four-horned antelope and the Indian antelope or black buck.

(ii) Among cats, the tiger and lion are the most magnificent of all. Some other splendid creatures, such as the clouded leopard, the snow leopard and the marbled cats, are also found.

(iii) The abundant and colourful bird life of this country is one of its valuable possessions. Several birds, like pheasants, geese, ducks,
mynahs, parakeets, pigeons, cranes, hombills and sunbirds, inhabit the forests and wetlands.

(iv) Rivers and lakes harbour crocodiles and gharials, the latter being the only representative of the crocodilian order in the world.

(v) The great Himalayan range has a very interesting fauna that includes wild sheep and goats, markhor, ibex, shrew and tapir. The lesser panda and the snow leopard are also found in the upper reaches of the mountains.

Question 2.
Differentiate between Flora and Fauna.
Ans.
Flora

• Naturally grown vegetation of a region or an area is termed as flora.
• About 47,000 species of flora are found in India.
• Flora includes flowering and non-flowering plants.
• It consists of grass, plants, creepers and trees. At present, forests, bushes, shrubs and grasslands make the flora cover on the globe.
• All types of natural vegetation, from tropical rain forests to alpine vegetation, are found in India in the form of flora.

Fauna:

• All types of organisms, ranging from tiny bacteria to the giant elephant, constitute fauna.
• India has about 81,000 species of animals. Besides these, there are 2,000 species of birds and 2,500 species of fish in the country.
• Animals are of two categories on the basis of their food habits. They are herbivores and carnivores.
• Fauna includes all mammals, reptiles amphibians and birds.
• All species of fauna, from tiny bacteria to giant elephant, are found in India.

Question 3.
How are the existing plant and animal species classified on the basis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)?
Answer:
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), we can classify the existing animal species as given ahead:
1. Normal Species: Species having normal population levels for their survival are considered normal species.

2. Endangered Species: This includes those species which are in danger of extinction, such as blackbuck, crocodile, Indian rhino, Indian wild ass, sangai, lion-tailed macaque etc.

3. Vulnerable Species: This includes the species which are likely to be in danger of extinction in near future if the factors threatening their extinction continue to opera. Survival of these species is not assured, as their population has reduced greatly. Examples – Gangetic Dolphin, Blue Sheep and Asiatic Elephant etc.

4. Rare Species: The population of these species is very less in the world. They are confined to limited areas, or thinly scattered over a wider area. Examples – Himalayan Brown Bear, Asiatic Wild Buffalo and Hornbill etc.

5. Endemic Species: Species that are only found in some particular areas are usually iso¬lated by natural or geographical boundaries. Examples – Andaman Teal, Andaman Wild Pig, Nicobar Pigeon, Arunachali Mithun, etc.

6. Extinct Species: Species that are not found even after conducting searches in the areas where they are likely to be found. Examples – Pink Head Duck, Asiatic cheetah, etc.

Question 4.
Write a note on the utilization of forest resources.
Answer:
The forest products may be classified into two main groups:
(i) Major Products
(ii) Minor Products.
(i) Major products of forests include timber and firewood –
(a) Timber is useful in making buildings and furniture. It is also used in building ships, railway carriages, trucks etc. Besides, it is used in certain industries.
(b) Forest wood is used as fuel on a large scale in the rural areas where other fuels are not available.

(ii) Minor products of forests include gum, resin, tanning materials, lac, medicinal herbs, etc.
(a) Resin is used in the production of paints, varnishes and soaps. It is obtained from Chir (Pine wood), growing in the Himalayas. Turpentine, which is also obtained from resin, is used for paints.
(b) Sabai grass is used in paper-making.
(c) Bamboos are put to various uses, including housing and paper-making.
(d) Myrobalans (Terminalia Chebla) grow abundantly in the deciduous forests. They are used in dyeing silk, cotton, wool and skin.
(e) Lac grows in the deciduous forest belts, particularly in palas trees. India has almost a monopoly in the production of lac. Lac is used in the production of varnish, gramophone records and lithographic ink. It is also used in electrical industry. Indian lac is mostly exported to the U.S.A.
(f) Among other products obtained from forests, sandalwood is also very important. Sandalwood is used in the production of sandalwood oil, soap and scents.
(g) Honey, medicinal herbs and fruits are other important products, obtained from forests.

Question 5.
What steps have been taken by the government for the conservation of forests and wildlife in India? Explain.
Answer:
Steps taken by the government for the conservation of forests and wildlife are as follows :
(i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act: The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats. An all-India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the program was towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.

(ii) National Forest Policy: India is one of the few countries which have a forest policy. There has been a forest policy in India since 1894. It was revised in 1952, and again in 1988. The main plank of the revised forest policy is the protection, conservation and development of forests.

(iii) National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:
To protect the bio-diversity, the Indian government has established 101 National Parks, 566 Sanctuaries and 18 Biosphere reserves.

(iv) Projects for Protecting Specific Animals:
The Central Government has also announced several projects for protecting specific animals which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, the three types of crocodiles-the fresh water crocodile, the saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion and others.

Map Work
Question
On an outline map of India show the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries located in India.
Answer: