HBSE 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

HBSE 10th Class Science Management of Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?
Answer:
We can make the following changes at home to make It environmental-friendly:

• Switch off fan, light, mobile and laptop charger, main switch of TV etc. when not in use.
• We can use solar power, heater and cookers.
• Repair leaking taps. Bath with bucket instead of shower.
• The water that RO plant expels as waste should be stored in a dispenser and used for household works.
• Instead of throwing away left-over food it should be given to the needy.
• Try to reuse things. For example, cloth bag instead of plastic bag, steel utensils instead of disposable during gatherings, etc.
• Reduce house-hold garbage.
• Adopt rainwater harvesting.
• Grow trees and outdoor as well as indoor plants.

Question 2.
Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment-friendly?
Answer:
We can make the following changes at school to make It environmental-friendly:

• New classrooms can be designed in such a way that they receive ample ventilation and light.
• We can plant several trees and plants in the campus.
• Students should not stay in the class-rooms during recess time. They should switch off fans and lights when not needed.
• Schools can adopt rainwater harvesting system.
• Roof-top solar power plant should be installed to reduce use of electricity.

Question 3.
We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?
Answer:
1. Out of the four main stakeholders, the local people and forest department should be given the combined authority to decide how to manage the forest produce.

2. The local people know the traditional methods of using the natural resources in sustainable manner. On the other hand, the forest department knows the scientific method of handling the resources.

3. The department can make such policies which earn money for the locals and improve their economic condition while sustaining the nature. On the other hand, the locals with their age-old experience of maintaining the forests can guide the department for the flaws in management and policies.

4. Such an approach will improve the economy as well as conserve the natural resources.

Question 4.
How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of
(a) forests and wildlife,
(b) water resources and
(c) coal and petroleum?
Answer:
The contribution we can give in the management of —
(a) Forests and wildlife:
(i) For forests:

• We should not waste paper.
• We should use every blank page of the notebook before scrapping.
• We should guide people to use gas stoves instead of fire-wood, etc. to save forests:

(ii) For wildlife:

• We should not use products made from animal parts such as fur, skin, tusk, horn, etc. This will prevent them from getting killed.

(b) Water resources:

• Instead of shower we should bath by using buckets.
• Rather than washing the car simply wipe it with water.
• Leaking taps should be repaired.
• Water should not be wasted during brushing.
• Maids should be guided to save water during house-hold works.

(c) Coal and petroleum:

• We can walk small distances or use bicycle rather than using vehicles.
• We should insist on using public transport and vehicle-pooling.
• Save electricity
• Minimize our needs and buy limited and necessary things only

Question 5.
What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
(Note: The answer for this question is quite similar to answer of question no. 4. So students may take reference of that answer.)

Question 6.
List five things you have done over the last one week to —
(a) Conserve our natural resources
(b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Answer:
(a) To conserve our natural resources I did the following:

• I went walking to nearby places
• We four friends used car-pool system and went together to the school in the same car.
• I did not use excess water while brushing. I bathed using bucket rather than shower.
• I did not waste food.

(b) To increase the pressure on or natural resources I did the following:

• I threw away a cracked mug instead of growing a plant in it.
• I often forget to take cloth bag when I go for buying things. So, I took plastic bag from shops 3-4 times.
• I bought wallet and shoes made of natural leather instead of artificial.
• I tore the blank pages unnecessarily and did not use them.

Question 7.
On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?
Answer:
I would incorporate the following changes in my life-style so sustain our resources:

• I will walk to nearby places.
• I will ask my friend to go to school in a common vehicle or using public transport.
• I will not use excess water while brushing. I will bath using bucket rather than shower.
• I will not waste food and give the leftover to the needy.
• I will buy only those things that I need.
• I will use paper thoughtfully. I will use each blank page of the notebook before giving it to scrap.
• I will not use products made from animal parts such as fur, skin, tusk, horn, etc.

HBSE 10th Class Science Management of Natural Resources InText Activity Questions and Answers

Textbook Page no – 271

Question 1.
What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
Answer:
Changes that we can bring to become more environment-friendly:

• We can use paper or jute bags instead of plastic bags.
• We can walk or cycle to cover short distances.
• Make use of public transport rather than own vehicle.
• We should not litter.
• We can switch-ott electrical appliances when not in use.
• We should not pollute and waste water.
• We should not harm plants and trees. In fact start planting them.

Question 2.
What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?
Answer:
1. It will fulfill our current basic needs and so will our current generation will get the benefit.
2. It will lead to fast growth of industries, agriculture and economy.
3. We will not have to struggle for alternate sources of energy.

Question 3.
How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources?
Answer:
1. The natural resources of the earth are limited while the number of people using these resources is growing rapidly. Hence, the demand of these natural resources is increasing exponentially.
2. So, the resources should be used in such a way that they can fulfill current needs and at the same time remain available for future generations also.
3. Thus, keeping long-term perspective will do justice to the generations to come.

Question 4.
Why do you think that there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
Answer:
1. With the help of their influence and might, the powerful and rich people use more resources whereas, the poor are left behind.
2. Everyone has the right to use natural resources. Hence, equitable distribution of resources should be done.
3. Money and power are two important factors which work against the proper distribution of resources.

Textbook Page no – 275

Question 1.
Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Answer:
(a) Forests should be conserved because —

• Forests are one of the most valuable resources. They provide food, fodder, fiber, timber, fuel wood, medicines, gum, resins and bamboo.
• Forest provide habit at to several plants and animals.
• They help in maintaining the environment and climate.
• They help in bringing rains, checking soil erosion and maintaining soil fertility.
• They help in controlling the amount of carbonate the atmosphere and henœ prevent the house effect

(b) Wildlife should be conserved because —

• It helps in maintaining forests by the means of assisting plant growth in different places by dispersing seeds.
• It helps to maintain forest ecosystem and ecological balance.
• Wildlife plays an important role in energy flow at various trophic levels.
• Wildlife also attracts lots of tourist and hence helps in the growth of economy.

Question 2.
Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer:
Approaches that can be adopted to conserve forests:

• Thoughtless cutting of trees for the purpose of timber must bé reduced.
• The forest ecosystem must be protected from villages that use wood as fuel and fodder for cattle.
• Re-plantation of trees and indigenous species should be adopted.
• Local people and villagers must be involved in activities related to conservation of forests.
• Undertake scientific research, monitoring and spreading awareness about conservation of forests through education.

Textbook Page no – 278

Question 1.
Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
(Note: Our region is Gujarat so, the first section of the answer is written with respect to Gujarat. The second part of answer is written with respect to entire India. So, kindly write the answer as asked.)
Answer:
(I) The region around us i.e. Gujarat uses three traditional systems of water harvesting.

They are:

• Bhungroo which means ‘straw’. The system consists of a pipe erected in such a way that excess water passes through it, gets filtered and accumulates in an underground well.
• A kund or kundi which is a saucer-shaped catchment area that gently slope towards the central circular underground well.
• Jhalaras i.e. human-made tanks

(II) Traditional systems of water harvesting found across India are:

No. Region	Traditional water harvesting system
1. Gujarat 2. Rajasthan 3. Maharashtra 4. Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh 5. Bihar 6. Himachal Pradesh 7. Kandi belt of Jammu 8. Tamil Nadu 9. Kerala	Bhungroo, kund (or kundi), jhalaras Khadins, tanks and nadis Bandharas and tais Bundhis Ahars and pynes Kulhs Ponds Kattas Surangams

Question 2.
Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer:
The terrain of hilly region is quite different. Such terrains demand a different type of traditional water harvesting system compared to that of plains and plateau.
Example:
1. In plain regions water is collected in check dams or kunds i.e. tanks whereas in hilly areas hke Himachal Pradesh water is irrigated through kulhs.
2. In kulhs, the glacial melts flow in the form of streams. This water is then diverted into man-made channels for supplying water to villages at lower altitudes.

Question 3.
Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?
Answer:
1. In our region we receive water from the pipelines set-up by the city municipal corporation. The source of water for the corporation is ground water.
2. No, the water is not available in sufficient quantity to all the people. During summers there occurs an acute shortage of water.
3. To manage the scarcity the corporation supplies the water through tankers to poor and water-scarce regions.

Activities.

Activity 1.

Question 1.
Find out about the International norms to regulate the emission of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
In 1997, about 160 nations met at a place called Kyoto in Japan. The objective of these nations was to decide the international norms for regulating the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases for the developed nations.

• They prepared an agreement called ‘Kyoto Protocol’. It came into force on February 16, 2005.
• Under this agreement the developed nations agreed to limit emission of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990.

Activity 2.

Question 1.
There are a number of organizations that seek to spread awareness about our environment and promote activities and attitudes that lead to the conservation of our environment and natural resources. Find out about the organization(s) active in your neighborhood/village/town/city.
Answer:

• Gujarat government
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
• People are Ethical Treatments for Animals (PETA)

Question 2.
Find out how you can contribute towards the same cause.
Answer:
1. We can become member of such organizations and help them.
2. We can educate people in our surroundings to protect environment.
3. We as students can form groups and organize discussions, plays, street shows in our areas to create awareness about the need to protect environment.
4. Several industries dump their chemical waste in River Ganga. All these acts have polluted River

Activity 3.

To check the pH of tap water and compare it with pH of the water in the local water body.
Answer:
Apparatus and material: Test tubes or beakers, universal pH indicator/litmus paper

Procedure:

• In one test-tube take water sample from tap of your home. Add few drops of universal indicator in this test tube.
• Observe whether the colour of the water changes or not.
• Take some water from your surroundings such as pond, river, etc. Dip the litmus paper in it and observe colour change in the litmus paper.

Observation:

• On adding pH indicator, the test tube containing tap water, turns yellow. Litmus paper does not show colour change with tap water.
• Water sample collected from pond shows red colour with pH indicator. Litmus paper turns red.

Conclusion: The tap water is neutral whereas water of local water body is acidic.

Activity 4.

Question 1.
Have you ever visited a town or village after a few years of absence? If so, have you noticed new roads and houses that have come up since you were there last? Where do you think the materials for making these roads and buildings have come from?
Answer:
The construction of new buildings, new roads, etc. is done using concrete, water, different type of metals, wood, glass, etc. All these materials come from nature.

Question 2.
Try and make a list of the materials and their probable sources.
Answer:
1. Water — from earth i.e. ground
2. Cement — mines and industry
3. Sand and bricks — soil
4. Stone/marble — mines and industry
5. Iron — mines and steel industry
6. Glass — soil and then processes in industry
7. Wood — forests
8. Energy — burning wood/coal or electricity
9. Electrical fitting/bath fittings — plastic and metal industry

Question 3.
Discuss the list you have prepared with your classmates. Can you think of ways in which the use of these materials be reduced?
Answer:

• Use normal cement flooring instead of wooden/marble flooring.
• Use fly-ash bricks instead of regular bricks.
• Install big windows in the house to allow more ventilation and light.
• Use LED lights instead of traditional lights.

Activity 5.

Question 1.
Observe various traditional practices for conservation of nature in your day-to-day life. Share within the peer group. Make a report and submit.
Note: Dear students, you need to perform this activity on your own.

Activity 6.

Question 1.
Make a list of forest produce that you use.
Answer:
We use wood, paper, rubber, lac, medicines, honey, herbs, etc.

Question 2.
What do you think a person living near a forest would use?
Answer:
Such a person would use wood for housing and cooking. He would use trees and plants for obtaining fruits for food, leaves for house, animal skin for winter clothing, animal meat for food, water for drinking, agriculture, etc.

Question 3.
What do you think a person living in a forest would use?
Answer:
He would use all the items mentioned in second answer except water for irrigation. He would use water for bathing, washing clothes, utensils, etc.

Question 4.
Discuss with your classmates how these needs differ or do not differ and the reasons for the same.
Answer:
Students need to discuss this on their own.

Activity 7.

Question 1.
Find out about any two forest produce that are the basis for an Industry. Discuss whether this Industry is sustainable In the long run. OR Do we need to control our consumption of these products?
Note: Dear students, kindly form groups and conduct a debate on the said topics.

Activity 8.

Question 1.
Debate the damage caused to forests by the following —
(a) Building rest houses for tourists in national parks.
(b) Grazing domestic animals In national parks.
(c) Tourists throwing plastic bottles/covers and other litter In national parks.
Note : Dear students, kindly form groups and conduct a debate on the said topics.

Activity 9.

Question 1.
Villages suffering from chronic water shortage surround a water theme park in Maharashtra. Debate whether this is the optimum use of the available water.
Answer:
In no way is the usage of water optimum.
1. A water park is a luxury and is developed for entertainment. However, people living in villages are suffering from chronic water shortage since a very long time.
2. Villages need water for two major purposes, first for fulfilling routine needs and second for activities like farming and cattle rearing.
3. India being an agrarian country need to first fulfill the water needs of these villages so that our economy can run smoothly.
4. So, water should first be provided to the villages and then if there is excess of it, it can be provided to the water theme parks.

Activity 10.

Question 1.
Study the rainfall patterns in India from an atlas. Identify the regions where water is abundant and the regions of water scarcity.
Answer:
Dear students, kindly refer the rainfall map in your Atlas or download it from Google. Then study it and write the amount of rainfall in various regions.

Activity 11.

Question 1.
Coal is used in thermal power stations and petroleum products like petrol and diesel are used In means of transport like motor vehicles, ships and aeroplanes. We cannot really imagine life without a number of electrical appliances and constant use of transportation. So can you think of ways in which our consumption of coal and petroleum products be reduced?
Answer:
1. Making maximum use of renewable energy.
2. Using public transport, constructing efficient building, etc.
3. Developing more efficient engines for the vehicles.
4. Protecting fossil fuels from accidental fires.
5. Use of alternative fuels such as CNG instead of coal and petroleum.
6. Use electric and hydrogen cell based vehicles
7. Spread awareness for saving electricity
8. Remove traffic congestion.