HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

HBSE 8th Class History When People Rebel 1857 and After Textbook Questions and Answers

LETS RECALL

When People Rebel 1857 And After HBSE 8th Class Question 1.
What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?
Answer:
The demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British was that she wanted Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after the death of her husband.

When People Rebel Class 8 HBSE 8th Class Question 2.
What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?
Answer:
Following were the steps that the British did to protect the interest of those who converted to Christianity:

After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property.
In 1850, a new law was passed to make conversion to Christianity easier.

When People Rebel HBSE 8th Class Question 3.
What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?
Answer:
The sepoys had raised the following objections when they were asked to use new cartridges:
(i) The cartridges used for new rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. It is a great insult to the regions of Indian sepoys the Hindus as well as the Muslims.

(ii) It appeared to the Indian soldiers that the great aim of the English was to turn all the sepoys into Christians, and they had therefore introduced the cartridge in order to bring this about, since both Mohammedans and Hindus would be defied by using it.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

When People Rebel 1857 And After Map HBSE 8th Class Question 4.
How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?
Answer:
The last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II (or Bahadur Shah Zafar) lived a miserable life in his last time. When the British captured Delhi in September 1857 A.D., Bahadur Shah left Lucknow, from there he continued his fight against the British. At last his sons along with some other rebels were captured by the English. His two sons and a grandson were shot dead before his old eyes. Their dead bodies were hanged at the Khooni Darwaja, Delhi to create terror among the rebels. Bahadur Shah himself was deported to Rangoon where he died in 1862 A.D. His last words were “Zafar was really unfortunate for he could not get six feet grave in the street of his beloved country.”

LETS DISCUSS

When People Rebel 1857 And After Question Answer HBSE 8th Class Question 5.
What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?
Answer:
The reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857 were :
(i) The Indian nawabs had gradually lost their power, authority and honour.

(ii) The British Governor-Generals posted their residents in several courts, the freedom of the rulers reduced, their armed forces disbanded and their revenue and territories taken away stage by stage.

(iii) The Company was confident of its military powers.

(iv) In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death none of his descendent would be recognised as king. They would just be called prince.

When People Rebel Question Answer HBSE 8th Class Question 6.
What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have in the people and the ruling families?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah Zafar’s decision to bless the rebellion changed the entire situation and it had the following impacts:
(i) People felt inspired and enthused. It gave them courage, hope and confidence to act.

(ii) Regiment after regiment mutinied and took off to join other troop at nodal points like Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow.

(iii) Nana Saheb, the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao gathered armed forces and expelled the British garrision from the city. He declared himself that he was agovemor under Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.

(iv) Biijis Qadr, the son of the deposed Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was made the new Nawab in Lucknow. He too acknowledged the suzerainty of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Class 8 History Chapter 5 HBSE  Question 7.
How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?
Answer:
(i) The victories against the British had earlier encouraged rebellion, the defeat of rebel forces including landowners of Awadh encouraged desertions.

(ii) The British also tried their best to win back the loyalties of the people. They announced rewards for those who would remain faithful to them.

(iii) Then they crushed the revolt with a heavy hand.

(iv) The British military generals also tried to recapture those places which once felt to the rulers.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

Question 8.
In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion of 1857?
Answer:
The British had regained control of the country by the end of 1859, but they could not carry on ruling the land with the same policies any more. Following were the changes introduced by the British as a result of the rebellion of 1857:
(i) The British Parliament passed a new act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown in order to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.

(ii) A member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India and made responsible for all matters related to the governance of India.

(iii) All ruling chief’s of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future. They were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons. However, they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their sovereign paramount.

(iv) It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of European soldiers would be increased. It was also decided that instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, Central India and South India, more soldiers would be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and PathAnswer:

(v) The land and property of Muslims was confiscated on a large scale and they were treated with suspicion and hostility. The British decided to respect the customary religions and social practices of the people in India.

(vi) Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars and give them security of rights over their.

LETS DO

Question 9.
Find out stories and songs remembered by people in your area or your family about San Sattavan ki Ladaai. What memories do people cherish about the great uprising?
Answer:
(i) There are several stories about the brave works of some people during San Sattavan ki Ladaai.
“There was a Courtesan in Kanpur. He was linked to a Hindu Military Subedar who rebelled in 1857. When during the course of the revolt, the rebel Subedar fell to the bullets of the British, the Courtesan Azizun Nisa mobilised women to form a band of troops. She represented this band as its military Commander and participated in the war of independence with full vigour alongwith Begam Hazrat Mahal and Tantia Tope.”

(ii) Many of our eleder say that they came to know from their grandfather about the Hindu- Muslim unity during the war of independence of 1857. There was a Hindu priest, who did not allow even Hindu from lower castes to enter the temple premises. But, during the fight of 1857 several Muslim rebel soldiers found their shelter in his temple. He personally took care of these soldiers. He told that service to the motherland was superior to every thing. Even today people cherish about this incident in our area.

Question 10.
Find out more about Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. In what ways would she have been an unusual woman for her times?
Answer:
Rani Lakshnjibai of Jhansi : The Raja of Jhansi had been originally a vassal of the Peshwa. After the defeat of Baji Rao II, Lord Hastings in 1818 had concluded a treaty with the Raja on terms of‘subordinate co-operation’.

After the death of the Raja in 1835, the company recognised a grand-uncle, Raghunath Rao to succeed to the throne. After his death, his successor Gangadhar Rao was recognised as the ruler in 1838. But he died in November 1853 without leaving a male heir and the state was declared annexed by Lord Dalhousie. The claims of the adopted son were disregarded. So the Queen of Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai joined to revolt to protest against the annexation of Jhansi by the English.

When the Rani joined the revolt, General Sir Huge Rose attacked Jhansi in March 1858, but the brave Rani Lakshmibai kept the British General unnerved for quite sometime. When she found that she could not able to hold the English for a long time she appealed to Tantya Tope for help, which brought Tantya Tope rushing to Jhansi. But by the time he reached Jhansi her troops were severely defeated by the British on the banks of the river Betwa. Now the Rani had to hold on to her fortress above. The British also knew it would be difficult for them to enter into the fortress.

So the British resorted to deceit and treachery and bribed the guards to open the gates of the fortress. Even then the British was unable to capture the Rani who slipped out of the fort and reached Kalpi. Here she was joined by Tantya Tope the great general of Nana Sahib, who fled to Kalpi. Now the Rani of Jhansi and the great General Tantya Tope joined together and fought many wars with the British. While fighting they had to leave Kalpi. So they fell upon Gwalior with lightening speed and captured it. The ruler of Gwalior Jayaji Rao Sindhia was a dependent ruler of the British Company who was paying lots of tribute and he was also very loyal to the Company. Now the Company had the responsibility to protect their independent, i.e., the ruler of Gwalior.

A fierce battle was fought between the British and the revolutionaries under Rani Lakshmibai and Tantya Tope from June 11-18, 1858 A.D. Even though the Rani and Tantya Tope were able Generals, their personal valour was not at all a good match the resources at the command of the British. Gwalior was recaptured by the British in June 18,1858. The Rani of Jhansi died fighting clad in soldier’s uniform on the ramparts of the fort. Tantya Tope escaped southward. In April 1859 he was captured by one of the Sindhia’s feudatory, who handed him over to the British to be hanged on April 18, 1859.

Sir Huge Rose paid a tribute to the valour of Rani Lakshmibai by saying, “Lakshmibai was the bravest and the best of military leaders of the rebels.”

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

LETS IMAGINE

Imagine you are a British officer in Awadh during the rebellion. What would you do to keep your plans of fighting the rebels a top secret?
Answer:
I would have used a code word Kamal (Lotus) to convey about my future plans. I knew that Kamal was being used by the rebellion, just to create confusion in the minds of the Indians.

I used to wear Indian dress of the area. I would keep a large number of troops, judging their loyalty. I would have asked the Muslim soldiers to take an oath of Holy Quran of loyalty to the British and same oath by the Hindu soldiers, telling them to put their hands on Holy Bhagwat Gita.

I would have used all four tactics of Sam, Dam, Dand and Bhed to loyalty among the rebels of the Awadh. I would have send some loyal females to know future plan of the higher British officers.

The following table explains in brief the 1857 revolt in short:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After 1

HBSE 8th Class History When People Rebel 1857 and After Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why were the Indian sepoys in the employ of the Company were discontent with Company?
Answer:
The Indian sepoys in the employ of the Company were discontent because :
(a) They were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of services.
(b) Some of the new rules violated their religious sensibilities and beliefs.

Question 2.
What was the law passed by the Company in 1856?
Answer:
In 1856, the Company passed a new law which stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas if required.

Question 3.
How did the anger of the peasants quickly spread among the sepoys?
Answer:
The anger of the peasants quickly spread among the sepoys because many of them were peasants and had families living in the villages.

Question 4.
Why was Mangal Pandey hanged to death?
Answer:
Mangal Pandey was hanged to death for attacking the officers in Barrackpore.

Question 5.
How did the Revolt of 1857 affect the position of the East India Company?
Answer:
The Company’s rule in India was abolished and the British Government began to rule their Indian empire directly.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

Question 6.
What was the most responsible cause for the failure of the revolt against the British rule?
Answer:
The infighting and jealousy among the rulers was the most responsible cause for the failure of the revolt against the British rule.

Question 7.
Who was Mangal Pandey?
Answer:
Mangal Pandey was a brave soldier of the British military cantt. at Barrackpore. He was the first person who refused the loading of the new rifles with greased cartridges. Due to the reason he was killed by the Britisher.

Question 8.
On what ground was Awadh annexed.
Answer:
It was said that the territory Was misgoverned and the British rule was needed to ensure proper administration.

Question 9.
What was the impact of the British land policies on the sepoy?
Answer:
The sepoys were angry because many of them were peasants and had families in the villages.

Question 10.
Below are given the names of some rebel leaders. Name the place where they headed the rebellion. Ahmadullah Khan, Kunwar Singh, Bakht Khan.
Answer:
Ahmadullah Khan – Lucknow
Kunwar Singh – Bihar
Bakht Khan – Delhi

Question 11.
What major change was observed in ruling Indian territory after the revolt of 1857?
Answer:
After the revolt of 1857, the British Governement undertook direct responsibility for ruling India.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What plan did the company make to bring and end to the Mughal dynasty?
Answer:
(i) In 1849, Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah, the family of the king will have to leave the Red Fort.

(ii) In 1856, Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last king. After his death none of his descendants would be recognised as king.

Question 2.
‘1857 Revolt was not a Sepoy Mutiny’. Comment.
Answer:
The sepoys had played an active role in 1857 revolt and they were the first to revolt against the rule of the East India Company. Still it cannot be called a sepoy mutiny since the revolt was not confined to them. Several other sections of the society had also taken part in the revolt.

Question 3.
How was the Revolt of 1857 suppressed by the British?
Answer:
The Revolt of 1857 was suppressed by the British through many inhuman brutalities. Many rebels were hanged. Others were tied to the mouth of cannons and blown off. Several villages were razed and harvests destroyed by British army.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

Question 4.
Why did the emerging middle class not support the rebels?
Answer:
The following were the reasons why the emerging middle class did not support the rebels :
(a) The middle class had emerged as a result of the British rule in India. It was their belief that only the British Government could modernise India after bringing social reforms in the society.

(b) The middle class was aware of its petty positions in the old type of kingdoms. The royal class always used to keep them oppressed. Hence this class did not take any interest in the revolt.

(c) The middle class was not sound economically and financially. The lack of sufficient resources made them keep away from the battle fields of the revolt.

Question 5.
What were the reforms made in the British army after the Revolt of 1857?
Answer:
Reforms in the Army:
(a) There was a feeling that the Indian Army had been mainly responsible for the revolt, so it was thoroughly reorganised and built up on the policy of division and counterpoise.

(b) The British reduced the strength of the Indian sepoys and fixed up the ratio as two sepoys to one European soldier.

(c) The discipline in the army was improved. The Company army was dissolved and all the army men became the servants of the Crown directly.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did the Company plan to bring the Mughal dynasty to an end?
Answer:
The Company took the following steps to bring the Mughal dynasty to an end :
(i) The name of the Mughal king was removed from the coins minted by the Company.

(ii) In 1849, Governor General Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the family of the king would be shifted out of the Red Fort and given another place in Delhi to reside in.

(iii) In 1856, Governor General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be last Mughal king and after his death none of his descendents would be recognised as kings-they would just be called prines.

Question 2.
What were the main causes of failure of the Revolt of 1857?
Answer:
The main causes that were responsible for the failure of Revolt of 1857 were :
(а) The revolt was not widespread. Sindh, Rajputana, Kashmir, East Bengal and most of the Punjab did not take part in it.

(b) The Sikh, Rajput and Gorkha battalions remained loyal and helped the British to suppress the revolt.

(c) There was no unity and common ideals among the revolutionaries. The Hindus wanted to set up a Maratha rule while the Muslims wanted to revive the Mughal kingdom.

(d) The revolutionaries had no common plan of action.

(e) The British could gather immense resources and weapons to suppress the sheer bravery and courage of the sepoys.

(f) The revolt broke out prematurely with incomplete preparations.

(g) The British adopted the policy of‘Divide and Rile’ and prevented most of the Indian rulers to join together for a common cause.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After

Question 3.
What reforms were made by the British in the Indian society? How did Indians see these laws?
Answer:
1. (i) Laws were passed to stop the practice of sati and to encourage the remarriage of windows,
(ii) English-language education was actively promoted
(iii) The Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property
(iv) Laws were passed for easy conversion to Christianity. Those who converted to Christianity could now inherit ancestral property.

2. Many people felt that British were destroying their religions, social customs and traditional ways of life.

MAP TIME

Question 1.
On an outline map of India show the main centres of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After 2

When People Rebel 1857 and After Class 8 HBSE Notes

  • Mutiny : When soliders as a group disobey their officers in the army.
  • Firangis-Foreigners : The term reflects an attitude of contempt.
  • Cartridge : Case containing bullets.
  • Infantry : Soldiers who fight on foot.
  • Sepoy : An Indian soldier in the Company army.
  • Taluqdars: Petty landowners.
  • Jihad : Holy war (or crusade) by Muslim religious leaders.
  • Polygamy : System of having more than one wife.

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