HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

HBSE 8th Class Geography Mineral and Power Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Identify Canadian Shield, Appalachians, Western Cordilleras and Lake Superior.
Answer:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources 1

ACTIVITY
On an outline map of India mark the distribution of iron, bauxite, manganese and mica.
Answer:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources 2

LETS DO

List uses of any five minerals.
Answer:
Uses of minerals:

  • Manganese : Manufacture of ferrous alloys that are very strong.
  • Mica : Mica is basic to electrical industry.
  • Aluminium : It is used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry and even in kitchen cookware.
  • Silicon: It is used in computer industry.
  • Gold: It is used in making jewellery.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

EXERCISE

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 HBSE Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name any three common minerals used by you everyday.
(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for :
(a) rural areas
(b) coastal areas
(c) arid regions.
(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
(i) Iron, Copper, Bauxite.

(ii) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.
The ores of metals are located in igneous and metamorphic rocks which form large plateaus.

(iii) Russia and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas.

(iv) The sources of energy suitable for different areas are:
(a) Rural areas – Biogas
(b) Coastal areas – Wind energy
(c) Arid regions – Solar energy

(v) (a) Switch off the bulb and tubelight when not in use.
(b) Don’t leave the tap open while brushing your teeth.
(c) The electrical appliances should be used as per instructions and should be maintained properly.
(d) Switch to conventional sources of energy rather than non-conventional sources of energy.
(e) Cook most of the food items in pressure cookers rather than in open pans.

Mineral and Power Resources Question Answer HBSE Class 8 Question 2.
Multiple Choice Question:
Tick the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a definite chemical composition.
(c) They are exhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
Answer:
(c) They are inexhaustible.

(ii) Which one of the following is NOT a producer of mica?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Karnataka.

(iii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
Answer:
(c) Chile.

(iv) Which one of the following practices will not conserve LPG in your kitchen?
(а) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Answer:
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 HBSE Question 3.
Give reasons:
(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
Answer:
A large number of people are displaced when their homes and villages have to be submerged for creating huge water reservoirs and digging canals. Sometimes the dam site may be prone to quakes. An earthquake at the dam site could result in a huge disaster. So environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.

(ii) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Answer:
Most of the industries are concentrated around coal mines because coal is a very essential but heavy mineral. Transporting of coal to the industry becomes costly.

(iii) Petroleum is referred to as ‘black gold.’
Answer:
Petroleum produces a variety of useful products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, it is called black gold.

(iv) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
Answer:
Quarrying can become a major environmental concern because it causes land degradation and soil erosion all over the world.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Exercise HBSE Question 4.
Distinguish between the following:
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
(i)

Conventional Sources of Energy Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
1. Conventional sources of energy are those sources of energy which have been in use for long time. 1. Non-conventional sources of energy are those sources which are new.
2. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both thermal and hydel) are examples of conventional sources. 2. Solar, wind, tidal, geo-thermal, atomic energy and biogas are examples of non-con-ventional sources of energy.
3. They are exhaustible sources of energy and cannot be replenished easily. 3. They are not exhaustible sources of energy. They are renewable.
4. They are limited. 4. Their stock is unlimited

(b) Biogas and Natural Gas
Answer:

Biogas Natural Gas
1. Biogas is the gaseous fuel obtained from the organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste. 1. Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits which is released when crude oil is brought to the surface.
2. It is an excellent fuel for cooking and lighting. 2. It is used both for domestic and industrial production.

(c) Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals.
Answer:

Ferrous Minerals Non-Ferrous Minerals
Ferrous minerals are those minerals, which contain iron.
For example: Iron, manganese and chromite.
Non-ferrous minerals are those minerals which do not contain iron.
For example : Gold, silver, copper, etc.

(d) Metallic and Non-metallic minerals.
Answer:

Metallic Mineral Non-Metallic Mineral
1. They are those from which metals such as iron, copper, silver, gold are derived. 1. Non-metallic minerals are not metallic in form. For example, coal, clay and salt.
2. They are generally obtained from igneous and metamorphic rocks. 2. They are generally obtained from sedimentary rocks.

Question 5.
Activity
(i) Use pictures from old magazines to show different kinds of fuels used by us in our lives and display them on your bulletin board.
Answer:
Do it yourself and take the help of subject teacher.

(ii) Design a poster highlighting energy conservation tips you would take for your school.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of subject teacher.

(iii) Salma’s class took up an action campaign to do an energy and it of their school by surveying electricity consumption. They prepared survey sheets for the students of the school.
→ Switching off the appliances when not in use.
→ Minimal usage as per requirement.
→ Maximising the use of natural breeze and light by keeping the windows open.
→ Keeping the lights dust free.
→ The appropriate maintenance and usage of appliances as per the given instructions.
Can you add some more tips to this list?
You could conduct a similar survey at home and then extend it to your appartment and make your neighbours also energy wise.
Using the data collected during the survey, students calculated the units consumed in one month and the approximate expenditure and compared it with the electricity bill of the previous month. They also calculated the approximate cost of electricity consumed by fans, lights and other appliances not switched off. Thus, they highlighted the amount that could be saved and suggested simple energy conservation habits hke
Electricity Audit

Appliance Quantity (No. being used) Usage Time (Approx. No. of working hours) Quantity (No.actually needed) Is it switched on even when not in use (yes or No)
1. Florescent Tube light 40 W
2. Incandescent Bulb 40 W/60 W
3. Co-impact fluorescent lamps
4. Fans
5. Exhaust Fans
6. Electric Bell/Buzzer
7. T.V.
8. Computers
9. Air-Conditioners
10. Refrigerators
11. Oven/Hot Case
12. Public Address System
13. Water Pump/Water Cooler
14. Overhead Projector
15. Photostat Machine
16. Any other

Answer:
1. We should use CFS bulbs and tubes to save energy.
2. We should note the expenditures of previous bill to compare the present. If it is higher then we should apply all the points as suggest in the book.

Appliance Quantity (No. being used) Usage Time (Approx. No. of working hours) Quantity (No.actually needed) Is it switched on even when not in use (yes or No)
1. Florescent Tube light 40 W
2. Incandescent Bulb 40 W/60 W
3. Co-impact fluorescent lamps
4. Fans
5. Exhaust Fans
6. Electric Bell/Buzzer
7. T.V.
8. Computers
9. Air-Conditioners
10. Refrigerators
11. Oven/Hot Case
12. Public Address System
13. Water Pump/Water Cooler
14. Overhead Projector
15. Photostat Machine
16. Any other

HBSE 8th Class Geography Mineral and Power Resources Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is open-cast mining?
Answer:
Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer, this is known as open-cast mining.

Question 2.
What is quarrying ?
Answer:
The process by which minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out is called quarrying.

Question 3.
Name two countries which have large iron ore deposits.
Answer:
China, India.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Question 4.
Name the three zones in North America where mineral deposits are located.
Answer:
The Canadian region north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian region, the mountain ranges of the west.

Question 5.
What is the use of firewood?
Answer:
Firewood is widely used for cooking and heating.

Question 6.
Name four chief petroleum producing countries.
Answer:
Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar.

Question 7.
Write any two advantages of wind energy.
Answer:

  • It is non-polluting.
  • Low cost production of electricity once set up.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the conservation of minerals necessary?
Answer:
Minerals are a non-renewable resource. It takes thousands of years for the formation and concentration of minerals.

Question 2.
Why is there need for using non- conventional sources of energy? Give two reasons.
Answer:

  • The increasing use of fossil fuels is leading to its shortage. It is estimated that if the present rate of consumption continues, the reserves of these fuels will get exhausted.
  • The use of conventional sources causes environmental pollution.

Question 3.
How is nuclear power obtained?
Answer:
Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium and tnorium. These fuels undergo nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.

Question 5.
What are the disadvantages of using oil as power resource?
Answer:

  • Depletion of oxygen due to oil spillage and gas leakage.
  • Petroleum released causes acid rain.
  • Exploration of new oil fields is not easy.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Africa is rich in mineral resources. Justify.
Answer:
(a) Africa is the world’s largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinuim
(b) South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce a large portion of the world’s gold.
(c) Copper, iron-ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt and bauxite are the other minerals found in Africa.
(d) Oil is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Question 2.
Give a brief account of minerals found in Australia.
Answer:
(a) Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the wrold.
(b) It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron-ore, tin and nickel.
(c) Rich deposits of copper, lead, zinc and manganese are also found.
(d) Large deposits of gold are found in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie.

Question 3.
What is biogas? How is it obtained? Write its two uses.
Answer:
(a) Organic wastes such as dead point and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas.

(b) The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas which is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.

Use of biogas:
(a) Biogas is used for cooking and bghtening.
(b) It produces huge amount of organic manure.

Picture Based Questions

Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources 3
(A) What type of energy production is shown in the picture?
Answer:
Nuclear energy.

(B) What are the parts labelled as (i), (ii), (Hi), (iv), and (v)?
Answer:
(i) Hot water
(ii) Steam
(iii) Turbine
(iv) Generator
(v) Heat from fission.

MAP-TIME

On the map of world, mark two main areas where mineral oil and coal are found in (A) Asia, (B) North America, (C) Africa, (D) South America
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources 4

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 HBSE Notes

  • Minerals: A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition.
  • Rock: A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals but without definite composition of constituent of minerals.
  • Ores : Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.
  • Mining: The process of taking out minerals from rocks hurried under the earth’s surface is called mining.
  • Conventional Sources : Conventional sources of energy are those which have been in common use for a long time.
  • Geothermal Energy; Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.

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