HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

HBSE 8th Class Science Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following can be beaten into thin sheets?
(a) Zinc
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Sulphur
(d) Oxygen
Answer:
(a) Zinc.

Question 2.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) All metals are ductile.
(b) All non-metals are ductile.
(c) Generally, metals are ductile.
(d) Some non-metals are ductile.
Answer:
(a) All metals are ductile. ✗
(b) All non-metals are ductile. ✗
(c) Generally, metals are ductile. ✓
(d) Some non-metals are ductile. ✗.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Phosphorus is very ……….. non-metal.
(b) Metals are ……….. conductor of heat and ………….. .
(c) Iron is ………….. reactive than copper.
(d) Metals react with acids to produce ………….. gas.
Answer:
(a) reactive
(b) good, electricity
(c) less
(d) hydrogen.

Question 4.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(a) Generally, non-metals react with acids. ( )
(b) Sodium is a very reactive metal. ( )
(c) Copper displaces zinc from zinc sulphate solution. ( )
(d) Carbon can be drawn into wires. ( )
Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) False.

Question 5.
Some properties are listed in the following table. Distinguish between metals and non-metals on the basis of their properties.

PropertiesMetalsNon-metals
1. Appearance
2. Hardness
3. Malleability
4. Ductility
5. Heat Conduction
6. Conduction of Electricity

Answer:

PropertiesMetalsNon-metals
1. Appearancelustrousnon-lustrous
2. Hardnesshard except sodiumgenerally soft except
3. Malleabilityand potassiumdiamond
4. Ductilitygenerally malleablenon-malleable
5. Heat Conductiongenerally ductilenon-ductile
6. Conduction of Electricitygood conductorspoor conductors

Question 6.
Give reasons for the following:
(a) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items.
(b) Immersion rods are made up of metallic substances.
(c) Copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution.
(d) Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene.
Answer:
(a) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items because aluminium can be beaten in sheets to form these thin wrapping sheets and it is soft and it does not react with food items.

(b) Immersion rods are made up of metallic substances because metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They get hot very soon on passage of current and warm the water.

(c) Copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution because copper is less reactive than zinc. A less reactive metal cannot displace a more reactive metal from its solution.

(d) Sodium and Potassium are stored in kerosene because they are very reactive and quickly react in air.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 7.
Can you store acidic lemon pickles in an aluminium utensils? Explain.
Answer:
No, we cannot store acidic lemon pickles in aluminium utensils because aluminium is a metal. Metals readily react with acids to produce hydrogen gas. So, when the aluminium metal comes in contact with acidic lemon pickles, it would react to release hydrogen, which would spoil the food and render it unfit to consume.

Question 8.
In the following table some substances are given in Column I. In Column II some uses are given. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.

Column IColumn II
(i) Gold(a) Thermometers
(ii) Iron(b) Electric wire
(iii) Aluminium(c) Wrapping food
(iv) Carbon(d) Jewellery
(v) Copper(e) Machinery
(vi) Mercury(f) Fuel

Answer:

Column IColumn II
(i) Gold(d) Jewellery
(ii) Iron(e) Machinery
(iii) Aluminium(c) Wrapping food
(iv) Carbon(f) Fuel
(v) Copper(b) Electric wire
(vi) Mercury(a) Thermometers

Question 9.
What happens when:
(i) Dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate?
(ii) Iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution?
Write word equations of the reactions involved.
Answer:
(i) When sulphuric acid is poured on copper plate the acid present in sulphuric acid reacts with copper to form copper sulphate and hydrogen. The copper plate gets eroded from place.
Sulphuric Acid + Copper → Copper Sulphate + Hydrogen
(ii) When iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution the iron being more reactive will replace copper in its salt solution,
(Ferrous Sulphate) → Iron + Copper Sulphate → Iron Sulphate + Copper
The solution will turn light green.

Question 10.
Saloni took a piece of burning charcoal and collected the gas evolved in a test tube.
(i) How will she find the nature of the gas?
(ii) Write down equations of all the reactions taking place in this process.
Answer:
(i) She will test it with litmus paper to check the acidic or basic nature of gas. If red litmus turns blue, it is basic in nature. If blue litmus turns red, it is acidic in nature.

(ii) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) + Water (H2O) → Sulphurous acid (H2SO3).

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 11.
One day Reeta went to a Jeweller’s shop with her mother. Her mother gave old gold jewellery to the goldsmith to polish. Next day when they brought the jewellery back they found that there was a loss in its weight. Can you suggest a reason for the loss in weight?
Answer:
When gold is washed in acidic solution, it being a metal reacts with acid and forms the hydrogen gas with some metallic oxides. This causes the loss of gold in form of gold oxides. This looses the weight of gold.

Activity.

No. 4.1. Malleability Of Materials

Object/ MaterialChange in Shape (Flattens/Breaks into pieces)
Iron nailflattens
Coal piecebreak into pieces
Aluminium wireflatten
Pencil leadbreaks into pieces

No. 4.3. Electrical Conductivity Of Materials

MaterialsGood Conductor / Poor Conductor
Iron rod / nailGood conductor
SulphurPoor conductor
Coal piecePoor conductor
Copper wireGood conductor

Extended Learning – Activities And Projects

Question 1.
Prepare Index Cards for any four metals and non-metals. The card should have information like name of metal/non-metal; its physical properties, chemical properties and uses.
Answer:
1. Name of metal: Copper
Physical properties:
(i) It is hard
(ii) It is ductile.
(iii) It is good conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical Properties:
(i) Copper reacts with moist air to form greenish coating.
(ii) It oxide is basic in nature.
(iii) It reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas.
(iv) It displaces iron from iron sulphate solution.

Uses:
Copper is used to make electrical wires, base of cooking utensils, etc.

Non-metals:

2. Name of non-metal: Coal
Physical properties:
(i) It is not ductile.
(ii) It is not malleable.
(iii) It is hot sonorous and does not shine. It is soft.
(iv) It is poor conductor of electricity

Chemical Properties:
(i) It produces oxides of carbon when burnt
(ii) It’s oxide are acidic in nature.
(iii) It does not take part in replacement reaction.

3. Name of Non-metal: Sulphur
Physical properties:
(i) It is neithre ductile nor malleable.
(ii) It is soft and dull.
(iii) It is poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical properties:
(i) It reacts with oxygen to produce sulphur dioxide.
(ii) It reacts with water to form sulphurous acid H2SO4 which is acidic in nature.
(iii) Metals are heated to mould them.
(iv) Gold is preferred to prepare jewellary because it is less reactive ductile and is a costly metal.

4. Name of Metal: Iron
Physical properites:
1. malleable
2. non-ductile
3. sonorous
4. hard
5. good conductor of heat and current.

Chemical properties:
1. React with oxygen to form rust.
2. React with water.
3. React with acids to form hydrogen gasi
4. React with sodium hydroxide to produce hydrogen gas.

Uses:
Used to make machines, tools, door, etc.

Question 2.
Visit a blacksmith and observe how metals are moulded.
Answer:
For self attempt.

Question 3.
Suggest an experiment to compare the conductivity of electricity by iron, copper, aluminium and zinc. Perform the experiment and prepare a short report on the results.
Answer:
For self attempt.

Question 4.
Find out the locations of the deposits of iron, aluminium and zinc in India. Mark these in an outline map of India. In which form are the deposits found? Discuss in the class.
Answer:
For self attempt.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 5.
Discuss with your parents / neighbours / goldsmiths why gold is preferred for making jewellery.
Answer:
For self attempt.

Question 6.
Visit the following websites and enjoy the quiz on metals and non-metals.

  • chemistry.about.com /library/weekly/ bl05030a.htm
  • chemistry.about.com / od / testsquizzes / Chemistry_Tests_Quizzes.htm.
  • www.syvum.com / cgi / online / mult.cgi / squizzes / science / metals.tdf?0
  • www.gcsescience.com / q / quesemet.html
  • www.corrosionsource.com / handbook / periodic / metals.htm
    Answer:
    For self attempt.

HBSE 8th Class Science Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by malleability of a metal?
Answer:
The property by virtue of which a metal can be hammered into thin sheets is called malleability.

Question 2.
What is meant by ductility of metals?
Answer:
Ductility of metals means that they can be drawn into very thin wires.

Question 3.
Name two metals which are both malleable and ductile.
Answer:
Gold and silver.

Question 4.
Are non-metals malleable and ductile?
Answer:
No.

Question 5.
Name a metal which exists in liquid state.
Answer:
Mercury.

Question 6.
Name the hardest substance in the world.
Answer:
Diamond.

Question 7.
Which metal is the best conductor of electricity?
Answer:
Silver.

Question 8.
Identify the most reactive and the least reactive metal amongst the following:
Al, K, Cu, Au.
Answer:
K is the most reactive while Au is the least reactive metal.

Question 9.
Name the metal which is stored in kerosene oil.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Answer:
Sodium is stored in kerosene oil.

Question 10.
Which metal foil is used in packing of some medicine tablets?
Answer:
Aluminium.

Question 11.
Which metal foil is used for decorating sweets?
Answer:
Silver.

Question 12.
Name a non-metal which is good conductor of heat.
Answer:
Graphite.

Question 13.
Why do gold and silver exist in free state?
Answer:
Gold and silver exist in free state because they are less reactive.

Question 14.
What would happen to the iron railings in open, when not painted?
Answer:
They will be rusted.

Question 15.
Why electric wires are made of copper?
Answer:
Electric wires are made of copper because it is good conductor of electricity.

Question 16.
Iron nails are kept dipped in blue copper sulphate solution and solution gets changed into light green colour. Why?
Answer:
This happens because iron displaces copper to form Ferrous Sulphate which is light green in colour.

Question 17.
Explain why silver does not displace hydrogen from dil HCl?
Answer:
Silver is less reactive than hydrogen, so it does not displace hydrogen from dil HCl.

Question 18.
When does red litmus paper turn blue?
Answer:
When red litmus paper comes in contact with basic solution.

Question 19.
When does a blue litmus paper turn red?
Answer:
Blue litmus paper turns red when it comes in contact with acidic solution.

Question 20.
What happens when sulphur dioxide gets dissolved in water?
Answer:
Sulphurous acid is formed:
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

Question 21.
Oxides of non-metals are generally of which nature?
Answer:
Oxides of non-metals are generally of acidic nature.

Question 22.
What happens when sodium comes in contact with water?
Answer:
Sodium catches fire and heat is released.

Question 23.
How do non-metals react with water?
Answer:
Non-metals do not react with water.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 24.
How do non-metals generally react with acids?
Answer:
Non-metals generally do not react with acids.

Question 25.
Which gas is emitted when metals react with acids?
Answer:
Hydrogen gas.

Question 26.
Write any use of non-metal.
Answer:
Non-metals are used in crackers.

Question 27.
Write any use of metals.
Answer:
Metals are used to make all means of transportation.

Question 28.
What is a displacement reaction?
Answer:
Reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal from its compound in aqueous solution is called displacement reaction.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write any three physical characteristics of metals.
Answer:
(i) Metals can be hammered to make sheets so they are malleable.
(ii) Metals can be drawned into very thin wires, that means metals are ductile.
(ii) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 2.
Write any three physical characteristics of non-metals.
Answer:
(i) Non-metals are non-ductile and non- malleable.
(ii) Non-metals are non-sonorous.
(iii) Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 3.
What do you mean by sonorous materials?
Answer:
Materials which make a sound when they are hit hard with some other material are called sonorous materials. All metals except the soft ones are sonorous, while all non-metals are non-sonorous.

Question 4.
How do metals and non-metals react with oxygen?
Answer:
Metals react with oxygen to form oxides generally. These oxides are alkaline.
\(\begin{array}{ccc}
2 \mathrm{Mg} & +\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow & 2 \mathrm{MgO} \\
\text { Magnesium } & \text { Oxygen } & \text { Magnesium oxide }
\end{array}\)
Non-metals also react with oxygen to form oxides but these oxides are acidic in nature.
\(\begin{array}{cc}
\mathrm{C} & \mathrm{O}_{2} \\
\text { Carbon } & \text { Oxygen }
\end{array} \quad \rightarrow \quad \mathrm{CO}_{2}\)

Question 5.
A copper coin is kept immersed in a solution of silver nitrate for some time. What will happen to the coin and the colour of the solution?
Answer:
Copper is more reactive than silver. Therefore, when a copper coin is kept immersed in a solution of silver nitrate, it will displace silver from silver nitrate solution and a solution of copper nitrate will be formed.
Thus, the copper coin will dissolve in the solution and the colour of the solution will change from colourless to blue.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 6.
Explain why zinc metal can displace copper from copper sulphate solution but copper cannot displace zinc from zinc sulphate solution.
Answer:
Zinc metal is more reactive than copper. Therefore, it can displace copper from CuS04. Cu is less reactive than Zn, therefore, cannot replace Zn from ZnS04.

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

Question 7.
State any three reasons for counting sulphur amongst the non-metals.
Answer:
Sulphur is a non-metal because:
(i) It is neither malleable nor ductile.
(ii) It does not conduct heat and electricity.
(iii) It combines with oxygen to form acidic oxide.

Question 8.
Non-metals do not react with water. How does this fact is utilized to store very reactive non-metals?
Answer:
Non-metals do not react with water. This quality is quite helpful in protecting some highly reactive non-metals which quickly react in air. Phosphorus is very reactive non-metal. It immediately catches fire when exposed to air. To prevent this, it is stored in water.

Question 9.
What is an element?
Answer:
Element is the smallest unit of any material. It cannot be broken further by cooling, heating or by electrolysis e.g. sulphur, iron, carbon etc.

Question 10.
Compare the physical properties of metals and non-metals.
Answer:

MetalsNon-metals
1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.1. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Metals are malleable and ductile.2. Non-metals are neither malleable nor ductile.
3. Metals are lustrous and can be polished.3. Non-metals are usually non-lustrous and cannot be polished.
4. Metals are solid except mercury.4. Non-metals can exist in all states.
5. Metals have generally high melting points and boiling points.5. Non-metals generally have low melting points and boiling points.

Question 11.
Compare the chemical properties of metals and non-metals.
Answer:

MetalsNon-metals
1. Metals react with oxygen to produce oxides which are alkaline in nature.Non-metals react with oxygen to produce oxides which are basic in nature.
2. Metals react with water differently to produce oxides and hydroxides.Non-metals do not react with water.
3. Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas.Non-metals most of times do notreact with acids.
4. More reactive metals displace the less reactive metals from their compounds in an aqueous solution.Non-metals do not show any such action.

Question 12.
In which state do metals occur inside the earth’s crust?
Answer:
Metals occur in different states inside the earth’s crust depending upon their reactivity. Some metals occur in elemental state or in the form of compounds. Reactive metals generally are found in compound. Highly unreactive metals occur in free state while the less reactive metals can either be found in combined state or infree state.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 13.
What do you mean by Malleability of metals.
Answer:
The physical property of metals by virtue of which metals can be beatan into thin sheet is called malleability. Most of the metals are malleable. Aluminium is beaten into aluminium foil for wrapping food and silver is also beaten to make silver foils to decorate sweets.

Question 14.
What do you mean by ductility?
Answer:
The physical property by virtue of which metals can be drawn into thin wires is called ductility. Metals which are good conductors of electricity are mostly drawn into wire to be used in electrical cables. Gold and silver are the most ductile metal. Wires of copper, aluminium and tungsten are used to make electricity cables and tungsten is used to make filaments of bulbs. Aluminium wires are also widely used to make electrical wires.

Question 15.
What is an alloy? Describe any one alloy.
Answer:
Mixture of two or more than two metals to get desired qualities is called an alloy. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium and nickel. It is used to make utensils, surgical & instruments and many other decorative items. Stainless stell is hard and do not rust.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a short note on displacement reaction of metals.
Answer:
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound in an aqueous solution. This is called displacement reaction. For example, when some iron nails are dipped in copper sulphate solution, the iron being more reactive displaces copper from its solution and form ferrous sulphate solution of light green colour.
HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals-1
Similarly, magnesium and zinc also displaces copper from its compound.
HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals-2

Question 2.
How will you prove the nature of rust or the ash obtained from burning magnesium ribbon?
Answer:
This can be easily proved in laboratory. Take some rust and dissolve it in water (a few drops). Now take a red litmus paper and dip the litmus paper in solution. We will see that the red litmus paper turns blue.

When the red litmus paper turns blue it means solution is basic in nature. So the rust is basic in nature. We can similarly check the nature of ash obtained by burning a magnesium ribbon. It will also turn red litmus paper blue proving its basic nature.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Question 3.
How do different metals react with water?
Answer:
Different metals react differently with water, hydrogen being a common end product.
Sodium metal reacts vigorously with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals-3
Magnesium only reacts with hot boiling water to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen.
HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals-4
Red hot iron reacts with steam to form iron oxide and hydrogen copper. Silver and nickel do
not react with water.

Question 4.
What are the different uses of metals?
Answer:
Metals are very useful to us. Some of the uses of common metals are following:
(а) Copper and aluminium metals are used to make electric wires. This is because copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity.
(b) Copper, aluminium and iron metals are used for making utensils and other domestic things. These metals are also used to make various factory equipments. This is because, all these metals are good conductors of heat.
(c) Iron is used to make heavy machinery and is also used in construction of buildings because it is very heavy and strong.
(d) Thin foils of aluminium are used in packaging food materials and medicines etc.
(e) The liquid metal mercury is used in thermometers.
(f) Gold and silver metals are used to make jewellery.
(g) Sodium, titanium and zirconium metals are used in atomic energy and space projects.

Question 5.
What are the different uses of non-metals?
Answer:
Following are the uses of non-metals:
(a) Oxygen is used by plants and animals for respiration. Oxygen also supports the process of combustion in factories, houses, aeroplanes
and missiles.
(b) Compounds of nitrogen provide nutrients to soil and plants. Fertilizers made by using nitrogen are extensively used in agricultural practices.
(c) Chlorine is used to disinfect the drinking water as it has the ability to kill germs.
(d) Sulphur is also used as germicide, it is also used as an antiseptic fcr skin treatment (in ointments).
(e) Non-metals are used in crackers.

Question 6.
What is corrosion? How does it affect different metals?
Answer:
Corrosion is defined as attack of atmospheric gases and moisture on the surfaces of metal making them deformed and weak. If iron is left in open for a period of time, it slowly gets deposits of brown flakes on it, which is called rusting of iron. It is undesirable because it makes the iron weak and eat it up slowly with passage of time. Similarly silver objects become black in colour and loose their lustree as silver reacts with hydrogen sulphide gas of air. Slowly the copper vessels also get coated with greenish layer of copper carborate. It is formed due to reaction of copper with carbondioxide of air and water vapour also present in air.
HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals-5

Question 7.
Write composition, properties and uses of following alloys: Steel, Stainless Steel, Brass and Duralumin
Answer:

AlloyCompositionPropertiesUses
SteelIron and CarbonStrongNails, screws, railway lining, bridges, machinery, ships etc. are made up of steel.
Stainless SteelIron, Chromium and nickelStrong, rust proof, hard and shiningUses for making utensil, cutlery and surgical instruments.
BrassCopper and ZincDuctile, malleable resists corrosion can easily be castedUse for making screws, nuts, bolts,
DuralumiumAluminium, copper maganese and magnesiumLight,Used to make automobile parts, pressure cookers and aircrafts etc.

HBSE 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Class 8 HBSE Notes

1. All metals and non-metals have some physical and chemical properties which differentiate them from each other.
2. Properties related to appearance and structure are called physical properties while how they react with other metals and non-metals are called their chemical properties.
3. Metals are shiny in appearance. This property of metals is called lustre.
4. Metals are generally hard. Sodium and potassium are soft. All metals mostly exist in solid state except murcury which is a liquid at room temperature.
5. Metals can be beaten with hamrqer and can be beaten into sheets. This physical property of metals is called malleability. Most of the metals are malleable.
6. Metals can be drawn into wires, they are thus ductile . Gold, tungsten are highly ductile metals.
7. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. That is why metals are used to make electric wires and most of the cooking utensils are made of metals. Silver is the best conductor of electricity.
8. Metals make sound, when they are hit hard with other object. This property makes them sonorous.
9. Non-metals do not shine and break-up when hit hard with hammer.
10. Non-metals cannot be beaten into sheets.
11. Non-metals cannot be drawn into wires.
12. They do not make any sound when hit with other objects.
13. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
14. Metals and non-metals react with oxygen to form oxides. Metal oxides are alkaline and oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.
15. Metals react with water at different rates to form oxides and hydrogen gas. Non-metals do not react with water except sodium and magnesium.
16. Non-metals generally do not react with acids but metals react to produce hydrogen gas.
17. A more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal from its compound in aqueous solution.
18. Metals and non-metals are very useful to us. They are used for different purposes.
19. All the materials can be divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids on the basis of above discussed physical mid chemical properties. Metalloids are those materials which possess the qualities of both metals and non-metals.

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