Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Notes
Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy
- We use various types of materials and services in our daily life.
- The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
- Traders provide goods to people by transportation.
- Efficient modes of transport are the prerequisites for fast development.
→ Types of Transportation
- Transport can be classified into the land, water and air transport.
- A dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for local, national and global trade of today.
- India has one of the largest road networks in the world with a total length of 56 lakh km.
Lifelines Of National Economy Notes Class 10 HBSE
→ Roadways
- In India, roads are classified into the following six classes:
(i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
(ii) National Highways
(iii) State Highways
(iv) District Roads
(v) Other Roads
(vi) Border Roads. - National Highway-7. It is the longest highway in India and traverses 2639 km. between Varanasi and Kanyakumari.
- Apart from this roads can also be classified on the basis of material used in construction, such as metalled and unmetalled roads.
- Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
→ Railways
- Indian Railways network is one of the longest in the world.
- Indian railways is the largest government undertaking in our country.
- Indian railways was introduced in 1853 when a railway line was constructed from Mumbai to Thane covering a distance of 34 km.
- Railways are the principal mode of transportation for passengers and freight in India. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country,
as well as accelerate the development of industry and agriculture. - The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors.
- The northern plains with their vast level of land, high population density and rich agricultural resources, provided the most favourable condition for railway growth.
- The Railway network is relatively less dense in the hilly states, northeastern states, central parts of India and Rajasthan.
- The Indian railway system has been divided into sixteen zones.
Notes Of Lifelines Of National Economy HBSE 10th Class
→ Waterways
- Waterways are the cheapest modes of transport for both, passenger and cargo traffic in India.
- Waterways are the most suitable modes for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
- Waterways are a fully efficient and eco-friendly mode of transport.
- Waterways can be divided into two types:
(i) Inland waterways
(ii) Overseas waterways. - India is dotted with 12 major and 200 notified non-major (minor/intermediate) seaports.
- These major ports handle 95 per cent of India’s foreign trade.
- The major sea ports of India are Kandla, Mumbai, New Mangalore, Ennore, Tuticorin,
- Vishakhapatnam, Paradweep, Haldia etc.
→ Airways
- Air travel today is the fastest, most comfortable and most prestigious mode of transport.
- Air travel can cover very difficult terrains, like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests, and also long oceanic stretches with great
ease. - In India, air services are provided by Indian Airlines, Air India, Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd., and private scheduled airlines.
→ Pipeline Transport
- Pipeline transport network is a new concept in transportation.
- Pipelines are the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids and gases over long distances.
→ Communication
- The important modes of communication include television, radio, press, films etc.
- The Indian postal network is the largest in the world.
- To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently They are called Rajdhani
Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel. - The largest number of newspapers published in the country are in Hindi language.
- India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. –
- The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to certify both, Indian and foreign films.
Lifelines Of National Economy Notes HBSE 10th Class
→ International Trade
- Trade between two countries is called international trade. It may take place through sea, air or land routes.
- Among the commodities of export, agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, gems and jewellery, chemical products, engineering goods and petroleum- products are prominent.
- The commodities imported to India include petroleum and petroleum products, pearls and precious stones, inorganic chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes, machinery etc.
→ Tourism as a Trade
- In India, tourism has witnessed tremendous growth in the last 3 decades.
- Foreign tourists’ arrival in the country contributes a sufficient amount of foreign exchange.
- More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
- Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.
- Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, and temple towns of South India are important destinations for foreign tourists in India.
→ Important
1. Transport: An action of carrying persons and goods from one place to another place is called transport. “a ”
2. Trader: A person who makes the products come to the consumers by transportation is called a Trader.
3. Modes of Transport: Sources that move from one place to another, carrying goods and passengers.
4. Golden Quadrilateral: It is the network of major roads, linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, Metropolitan Cities by Six-Lane Super Highways.
Lifelines Of National Economy Class 10 Notes HBSE
5. Mega Cities: Cities, which have a population of more than ten million, are called megacities.
6. National Highways: These are broad roads connecting all states and their capitals. These are constructed and maintained by the central government.
7. State Highways: These are roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters. These are constructed and maintained by state governments.
8. District Roads: These roads connect the district headquarters with other important places of the district.
9. Border Roads: These are the vital road links along the frontiers of our country.
10. Density of Roads: The length of roads per 100 square kilometres of the area is known as the density of roads.
11. Port: The commercial part of a harbour containing facilities for embarking and disembarking passengers, loading and unloading and some facilities for the storage of cargo is called port or seaport.
12. Balance of Trade: Difference between a nation’s export and imports.
13. Tidal Port: A port which is operational even during the tides is called a tidal port e.g. Kolkata.
14. Harbour: An extensive stretch of deep water, where vessels can anchor securely to obtain protection from the sea.
15. Exports: Goods despatched from one country to another are called exports.
Class 10th Geography Chapter 7 Notes HBSE
16. Imports: When citizens of a country consume the products of other countries, these products are known as imports.
17. Mass Communication: The means of communication, through which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
18. Tourism: Journey from one place to another place to see and understand the culture, naturally beautiful places and landscapes is called
tourism.