HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries Important Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Multiple Choice Questions

Manufacturing Industries Important Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 1.
Production of goods in large quantities after processing them from raw material to more valuable articles is called:
(a) Manufacturing
(b) Industry
(c) Production
(d) Business.
Answer:
(a) Manufacturing

Class 10 Manufacturing Industries Important Questions HBSE Question 2.
Which of the following is included in secondary activities?
(a) Farming
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Fisheries
(d) Communication.
Answer:
(b) Manufacturing

Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Important Questions HBSE Question 3.
What is the full name of N.M.C.C.?
(a) The National Manufacturing Credit Council
(b) The National Manufacturing Commerce Council
(c) The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Important Questions HBSE  Question 4.
What is the share of manufacturing sector in GDP?
(a) 15 per cent
(b) 17 per cent
(c) 27 per cent
(d) 25 per cent.
Answer:
(b) 17 per cent

Manufacturing Industries Questions And Answers HBSE 10th Class Question 5.
Which of the following is an agro-based industry?
(a) Iron and Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Cotton Textile
(d) Petro Chemical.
Answer:
(c) Cotton Textile

Question 6.
Which of the following is a basic industry?
(a) Iron and Steel
(b) Copper smelting
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 7.
Which of the following is a consumer industry?
(a) Sugar
(b) Toothpaste
(c) Paper
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question 8.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is a:
(a) Public sector industry
(b) Private sector industry
(c) Joint sector industry
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Public sector industry

Question 9.
Which one of the following industries uses iron-ore as a raw material ?
(a) Iron and steel industry
(b) Aluminium
(c) Fertiliser
(d) Jute.
Answer:
(a) Iron and steel industry

Question 10.
Which city is famous for iron and steel plants in Chattisgarh ?
(a) Bhilai
(b) Durgapur
(c) Salem
(d) Bokaro.
Answer:
(a) Bhilai

Question 11.
The full name of SAIL is:
(a) Steel Authority of India Limited
(b) Steel Authority of Indian Limited
(c) Steel Authority of International Limited
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Steel Authority of India Limited

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 12.
In which of the following years was National Jute Policy formulated ?
(a) 2003
(b) 2004
(c) 2005
(d) 2006.
Answer:
(c) 2005

Question 13.
Where was the first cement industry set-up in India?
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Ennore
(d) Delhi.
Answer:
(b) Chennai

Question 14.
Which of the following cities has emerged as the electronic capital of India ?
(a) Noida
(b) Gurgaon
(c) Bangalore
(d) Hyderabad
Answer:
(c) Bangalore

Question 15.
Environmental degradation can be checked by:
(a) Rainwater harvesting
(b) By minimising the use of water in industries
(c) Primary treatment by mechanical means
(d) A11 of the above.
Answer:
(d) A11 of the above.

Fill in the blanks

1. People employed in the secondary activities …………… the primary materials into ………….. goods.
Answer:
manufacture finished.
2. …………. and ………….. are not exclusive of each other.
Answer:
Agriculture, industry.

3. Industrial locations are …………. in nature.
Answer:
complex.

4. India stands ……………. as world producer of sugar but occupies the ………….. place in the production of gur and Khansari.
Answer:
second, first.

5. Aluminium …………… is the second most important …………….. industry in India.
Answer:
smelting, metallurgical.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

6. The chemical industry in India is fast ……………. and …………….
Answer:
growing, diversifying.

7. Water pollution is caused by ……………. and …………….. industrial wastes and discharges into rivers.
Answer:
organic, inorganic, and effluent.

8. ……………. is a major power-providing corporation in India.
Answer:
NTPC.

Match the following

Match Column A with Column B:

 Column A (Industries) Column B (Types of Industries)
1. Sugar a. Basic or key
2. Cement b. Public Sector
3. Copper Smelting c. Private Sector
4. Paper d. Mineral based
5. BHEL e. Agro-based
6. Tisco f. Consumer Industries

Answer:

Column A (Industries) Column B (Types of Industries)
1. Sugar e. Agro-based
2. Cement d. Mineral based
3. Copper Smelting a. Basic or key
4. Paper f. Consumer Industries
5. BHEL d. Mineral based
6. Tisco c. Private Sector

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two examples of manufacturing.
Answer:
(i) Sugar from Sugar cane
(ii) Aluminium from Bauxite.

Question 2.
What is the secondary sector or activity?
Answer:
Activities, which transform the material provided by primary activities into commodities more directly useful for man are called secondary sectors or activities.

Question 3.
How is the economic strength of a country measured?
Answer:
The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 4.
What factors does industrial location depend upon?
Answer:
The industrial location depends upon the availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market.

Question 5.
What are agglomeration economics?
Answer:
Several industries come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres. These are known as agglomeration economics.

Question 6.
Define agro-based industries. Give examples.
Answer:
Those industries, in which, the source of raw material is derived from agriculture, are called agro-based industries. Examples-Cotton, woollen, jute, sugar etc.

Question 7.
What are mineral-based industries?
Answer:
Those industries, in which, the source of raw material is derived from minerals, are called mineral-based industries example-* cement.

Question 8.
Name any two mineral-hashed industries.
Answer:

  • Cement
  • Machine tools.

Question 9.
Classify industries on the basis of capital investment.
Answer:

  • Small-scale industry
  • Large-scale industry.

Question 10.
Classify industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:

  • Public sector industry
  • Private sector industry
  • Joint sector industry,
  • Co-operative sector industry.

Question 11.
Give two examples of public sector industry.
Answer:

  • Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)
  • Steel Authority of India Ltd., (SAIL).

Question 12.
Name any two private sector industries.
Answer:
(i) TISCO
(ii) Bajaj Auto Ltd.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 13.
When and where was the first successful cotton textile mill set up in India?
Answer:
The first successful cotton textile mill was set up in Mumbai, in 1854.

Question 14.
Name any two states where cotton textile industry is concentrated.
Answer:
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Gujarat.

Question 15.
Which cottage industry provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes?
Answer:
The handspun khadi.

Question 16.
To which country does India export its yarn?
Answer:
Japan.

Question 17.
Name the major importing countries of cotton goods from India.
Answer:

  • U.S.A.
  • U.K.
  • Russia
  • France
  • Nepal
  • Singapore
  • Sri Lanka
  • African and East European countries.

Question 18.
Where were the first jute mills established?
Answer:
In Rishra near Kolkata.

Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods?
Answer:
India.

Question 20.
Name the major sugar-producing states of India.
Answer:

  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Bihar
  • Maharashtra
  • Karnataka
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Madhya Pradesh.

Question 21.
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is called a basic industry because all the other industries- heavy, medium and light depend on it for their machinery.

Question 22.
Why is iron and steel a heavy Industry?
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is a heavy industry because all the materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky, entailing more transportation costs.

Question 23.
What are the uses of steel?
Answer:
Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction materials, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment, and a variety of consumer goods.

Question 24.
Name the largest producer country of sponge iron.
Answer:
India.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 25.
From which mineral is aluminium extracted?
Answer:
Aluminium is extracted from bauxite.

Question 26.
What are the uses of aluminium?
Answer:
Aluminium is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils, wires etc.

Question 27.
Where are Aluminium smelting plants located?
Answer:
Aluminium plants are located in Orissa, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh.

Question 28.
What is the name of the electronic capital of India?
Answer:
Bengaluru

Question 29.
Give the names of the two software technology parks.
Answer:
(i) Jaipur
(ii) Kolkata.

Question 30.
What are the types of industrial pollutions?
Answer:

  • Air Pollution
  • Water Pollution,
  • Land Pollution
  • Noise Pollution.

Question 31.
What do the inorganic chemicals include?
Answer:
Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda.

Question 32.
Name the major centres of the automobile industry.
Answer:

  • Delhi
  • Gurgaon
  • Mumbai
  • Pune
  • Chennai
  • Kolkata
  • Lucknow
  • Indore
  • Hyderabad
  • Jamshedpur
  • Bangalore.

Question 33.
Which is the major power providing corporation in India?
Answer:
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC).

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Short Answer Type Questions-I

Question 1.
‘Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand’. Explain the statement.
Answer:
(i) If an industry is located at any place, labour force is itself attracted to that place and in this way, that place is gradually converted into city.
(ii) Cities provide markets, and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice etc. to the industry. Thus, we can say that industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.

Question 2.
What is the contribution of industries to the National economy?
Answer:
During the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of the GDP, out of a total 27 per cent. In the last decade, the trend of growth rate in manufacturing has been 7 per cent per annum, against the desired growth of 12 per cent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate 9 to 10 per cent per annum, to achieve targeted growth in the near future. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council has been set up.

Question 3.
Classify the industries on the basis of the source of raw materials used.
Answer:
(i) Agro-based – Cotton, wollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil.
(ii) Mineral based – Cement, iron & steel, aluminium, machine tools, petro-chemicals etc.

Question 4.
Classify the industries on the basis of their main role.
Answer:

  • Basic or Key Industries – Iron and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting etc.
  • Consumer Industries – Sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.

Question 5.
Classify the industries on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.
Answer:

  • Heavy industries such as Iron & steel.
  • Light Industries such as Electrical Goods Industries.

Question 6.
How does the Jute industry support workers and farmers?
Answer:
In 2010-11, the Jute industry was supporting 3.7 lakh workers directly, and another 40 lakhs small and marginal farmers were engaged in the cultivation of Jute and Mesta.

Question 7.
Why does the Chhotanagpur plateau region have the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? (CBSE 2018)
Answer:
Because of the relative advantages, the Chhotanagpur Plateau region has a concentration of iron and steel industry. These advantages include – low cost of iron-ore, high-grade raw material in proximity, cheap labour and home market.

Question 8.
What is the importance of the cement industry?
Answer:

  • The importance of the cement industry is as follows –
  • It provides employment to the people.
  • It is essential for the construction activities such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, dams etc.
  • India earns foreign exchange by exporting cement.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 9.
Mention any three pre-requirements of the cement industry.
Answer:

  • This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
  • It requires coal and electric power.
  • As the inputs are bulky and heavy, cheap transportation is required.

Question 10.
How can the industrial pollution of freshwater be reduced?
Answer:

  • Harvesting of rainwater to meet the water requirements.
  • Minimising the use of water for processing, by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
  • Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.

Question 11.
How is the treatment of industrial liquids done in three phases?
Answer:

  • The primary treatment is done by a mechanical process. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
  • Secondary treatment is done by biological process.
  • Tertiary treatment is done by biological, chemical and physical processes.

Question 12.
What is the importance of the IT sector for the Indian economy?
Answer:

  • It has provided employment to over one million people.
  • It has helped in the growth of the service sector.
  • This industry is a major foreign exchange earner.
  • It provides employment to innumerable men and women.

Question 13.
Mention the features of mini steel plants.
Answer:
Mini steel plants are small have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They contain re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. These plants produce mild and alloy steel of particular specifications.

Question 14.
Write down the features of integrated steel plants.
Answer:
Integrated steel plants are large and handle everything in a single complex-from putting together the raw material – to steel making, rolling and shaping.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Short Answer Type Questions-II

Question 1.
Why is the manufacturing sector considered the backbone of the economic development of India? Give reasons.
OR
Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Answer:
The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of the economic development of India mainly because:

  • Manufacturing industries reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
  • Industrial development is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
  • It also aims at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
  • Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.

Question 2.
‘Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand1. Explain.
Answer:
Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other, we can understand this by the following examples :

  • Agriculture provides raw material to industry, such as jute, cotton etc. while industry provides inputs to agriculture, such as fertilizers, pesticides, tractors etc.
  • Agriculture provides food to the industrial workers while industry provides infrastructural facilities to agriculture.
  • Agriculture also acts as a source of capital formation which can be utilised in industry. On the other hand, industry can absorb surplus labourers or workers of agriculture and reduce the pressure on agriculture.

Question 3.
Explain any four factors for the localisation of an industry in a particular area. .. (CBSE 2019)
Answer:
(i) Availability of raw material:
Mostly, the location of industrial enterprises is determined simply by availability of the raw materials. This reduces transportation charges.

(ii) Power:
Regular supply of power is an important factor for the centralisation of any industry. Most of the industries tend to concentrate on the source of power.

(iii) Climate:
Climate plays an important role in the establishment of industries at a place. The cotton textile industry requires a humid climate. Consequently, majority of the cotton textile mills are concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

(iv) Labour:
Labour is also an important factor in the localisation of the industries, because industries need a large number of cheap labour.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 4.
What are the different dimensions in which the industries are classified?
Answer:
There are five dimensions in which industries are classified. These dimensions are :
(i) On the basis of source of raw materials used:
(a) Agro-based industries,
(b) Mineral-based industries.

(ii) On the basis of their main role:
(a) Basic or key industries
(b) Consumer industries.

(iii) On the basis of labour employed:
(a) Large-scale industries
(b) Medium-scale industries
(c) Small-scale industries,
(d) Cottage industries.

(iv) On the basis of ownership:
(a) Public sector industries
(b) Private sector industries
(c) Joint sector industries
(d) Co-operative sector industries.

(v) On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
(a) Heavy industries
(b) Light industries.

Question 5.
Differentiate between agro-based and mineral-based industries.
Answer:
Agro-based industries:

  • In these industries, raw materials are derived from agriculture.
  • They mostly produce consumer goods.
  • They generally provide employment in rural areas.
  • Examples : Sugar, jute, cotton, vegetable oil etc.

Mineral-based industries:

  • In these industries, raw materials are derived from minerals.
  • They produce both, consumer and value-based goods.
  • They usually provide employment both, in rural and in urban areas.
  • Examples: Iron and steel, aluminium, machine tools, petro chemical, cement, etc.

Question 6.
Differentiate between the large-scale and the small-scale industries.
Answer:
Large-Scale Industries:

  • These industries manufacture large quantities of finished goods.
  • These industries employ large number of workers in each unit.
  • More than 1 crore rupees are invested.
  • Women workers are not generally employed in these industries.
  • For Example: Iron and steel, textile, cement etc.

Small-Scale Industries:

  • These industries manufacture small quantities of finished goods.
  • These industries employ small number of workers in each unit.
  • Less than 1 crore rupees are invested.
  • Women workers are employed in large number in these industries.
  • For example: Garment industry, soap making, television, radio industry etc.

Question 7.
Classify the industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:

  • On the basis of ownership industries are classified as –
  • Public Sector – Owned and operated by government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc.
  • Private Sector – Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals – Tisco, Bajaj Auto Ltd. etc.
  • Joint Sector – Which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
  • Co-operative Sector – Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

Question 8.
What is the importance of textile industry in the Indian Economy?
Answer:
The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy. The importance of textile industry is:

  • Textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production, which is about 14 per cent.
  • It provides employment to approximately 35 million people directly.
  • It contributes 4 per cent to GDP.
  • This industry is earning about 24.6 percent foreign exchange.
  • It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question 9.
“The cotton textile industry has the largest concentration in Maharashtra and Gujarat.” Give reasons.
Answer:
The cotton textile industry is mainly centred in Maharashtra and Gujarat. The reasons behind this are the following:

  • Availability of raw material: These regions are rich in black soil, which helps in large- scale production of cotton in these regions. Hence, there is regular supply of cotton.
  • Favourable climate: These regions have an equitable climate, which ensures the production of cotton.
  • Availability of Capital: A large amount of capital is required for the establishment of textile industry and the required capital is also available in the market.
  • Export Facility: Mumbai is the major sea port of India, through which, good quality cotton, machines and the raw materials are easily imported and finished products can easily be exported.
  • Market: These states are included in the most developed states of India. Therefore, large markets for textile products are present here.

Question 10.
Trace the development of cotton textile industry in India.
Answer:
(i) In India, the first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. Today (as on 30 April 2021), there are nearly 1600 cotton and human-made fibre textile mills in the country. About 80 per cent of these are in the private sector and the rest in the public and co-operative sectors. In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat but now it extends in Tamil Nadu also.

Presently, the major centres of the cotton textile industry are Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Porbandar, Surat, Mumbai, Pune, Moradabad, Agra, Kanpur, Howrah, Hugli, Ujjain, Coimbatore, Madurai, Chennai, Indore etc. All these centres are traditional centres. Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are the leading cotton-producing states. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Punjab are the other important cotton textile producers.

This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 11.
What are the major challenges faced by the cotton textile industry?
Answer:
The major challenges faced by the cotton textile industry are :

  • The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high-quality yarn that is produced in the country.
  • Most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market.
  • Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded.
  • There is low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Question 12.
Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hugli river ? Give reasons.
Answer:
Most of the jute mills are concentrated along the Hugli river due to the following reasons :

Availability of raw material:
Jute is grown abundantly in the adjoining regions of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar. So, the raw material can be obtained easily from the nearby areas.

Availability of fresh water:
Water is a pre-requisite for jute industry, as it is used in washing jute and jute goods. Hugli river provides adequate fresh water.

Cheap transportation:
Hugli river provides cheap means of water transport.

Cheap hydel power:
Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) in Bihar, and Mayurakshi Project in West Bengal provides cheap and adequate hydel power to jute industry.

Port facility:
Kolkata provides port facility to this industry so as to import chemicals and machinery and export jute products.

Question 13.
What are the major challenges faced by the jute industry in India?
Answer:
The major challenges faced by the jute industry in India are:
Because of the old technology the cost of production is high, due to which, demand of jute goods has declined.
There is stiff competition in the international market, especially from Bangladesh. This has also led to decline in industry. The synthetic substitutes for jute are giving tough competition to the jute industry.

Question 14.
In recent years, the sugar mills have been shifted to the southern and western states. Give reasons.
Answer:
In recent years, the sugar mills have been concentrated and shifted in the southern and western states because :

  • The sugar cane produced in these states has a higher sucrose content.
  • The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
  • The co-operatives are more successful in these states. Here, the sugar mills are integrated in the co-operative sector.
  • The south has better export facilities as compared to the north.

Question 15.
What are the major challenges faced by the sugar industry?
Answer:
The major challenges faced by the sugar industry are:
(i) Seasonal nature of the industry:
The manufacturing of sugar is a seasonal phenomenon with a short crushing season, varying normally from 4 to 7 months in a year. The mills and workers remain idle during the rest of the year, thus creating financial problems for the industry.

  • Old and inefficient machinery: Most of the machinery used in sugar mills is old and obsolete. It is 50-60 years old, and- needs total change.
  • Delays in Transportation: There are insufficient transport facilities from the sugar-producing regions to sugar mills. Thus, the sugarcane does not reach factories in an appropriate time.
  • There is an urgent need to maximise the use of baggage.

Question 16.
Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic and heavy industry?
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is called a basic or key industry because :

  • All other heavy, medium and light industries depend on the iron and steel industry for their machinery.
  • Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.
  • It is also helpful in the development of agriculture.
  • It is a heavy industry because all the raw materials and finished goods are heavy and bulky.

Question 17.
Study table 6.1 given on Page 69 ‘Intext Questions’ and answer the following Questions.
(i) What was the total finished production in India in 2013-14?
(ii) How much did steel production increase in 2016-17 as compared to the production in 2013-14?
Answer:

Year Production (in metric tonnes per annum)
2013-14 87.67
2014-15 92.16
2015-16 91.00
2016-17 101.3
2017-18 86.69

(i) Total finished production in 2013-14 was 87.67 million metric tonnes per annum.
(ii) It went from 87.67 million metric tonnes per annum in 2013-14 to 101.3 million metric tonnes per annum in 2016-17.
An increase in production is –
= 101.3 million metric tonnes – 87.67 million metric tonnes
= 13.63 million metric tonnes.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 18.
How is the chemical industry its own largest consumer?
Answer:
The chemical industry is its own largest consumer in the following ways :
(i) Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets.
(ii) Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacturing of fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints and dyes stuff.
(iii) Nitric acid, alkalines and soda ash are used to make glass, soaps and detergents, paper etc.

Question 19.
Write a note on the chemical industry of India.
Answer:

  • The chemical industry in India is fast-growing and diversifying.
  • It contributes approximately 3 per cent to the GDP.
  • It is the third largest in Asia and occupies 12th place in the world in terms of its size.
  • Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
  • Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalines, soda ash and caustic soda.
  • Organic chemicals include petrochemicals.
  • Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries or petro chemical plants.

Question 20.
Mention any four facts regarding the fertilizer industry.
Answer:
(i) There are 57 fertiliser units, manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilizers-29 for urea and 9 for producing ammonium sulphate as a by-product, and 68 other small units which produce single superphosphate.
(ii) At present, there are 10 public sector undertakings, and one in the co-operative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India.
(iii) Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab are the leading producers.
(iv) The fertiliser industry is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphate fertilisers and ammonium phosphate (DAP), and complex fertilisers, which have a combination of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash.

Question 21.
Write a note on the automobile industry of India.
Answer:
The automobile industry includes various types of vehicles which are essential for quick transport of goods, services and passengers. This industry provides vehicles of various types, like buses, scooters, cars, trucks, motorbikes, three-wheelers and many other multi-utility vehicles. The automobile industry has developed rapidly in India in last 15 years. At present, there are 15 manufacturers of passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles, 9 of commercial vehicles, 14 of two and three-wheelers.

The major centres of this industry are Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore. After liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary modules stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has revolutionised this industry in India. They have brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global development.

Question 22.
What are Software Technology Parks? State any two points of significance of Information Technology industry in India, also throw light on its expansion in recent years.
Answer:
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts.

  • It has provided employment to over one million people.
  • It has helped in the growth of the service sector.
  • This industry is a major foreign exchange earner.
  • It provides employment to innumerable men and women.

By 2010-11, STPI Parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. The major industry concentration is at Bangalore, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune.

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 23.
Discuss the air pollution caused by industries.
Answer:

  • Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
  • Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke.
  • Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.
  • Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects.
  • Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

Question 24.
How is water pollution caused by industries?
Answer:
(i) Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
(ii) The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries, that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals into the water bodies.
(iii) Fly ash, phospho-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.

Question 25.
Write a note on thermal pollution.
Answer:
(i) Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(ii) Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes and garbage renders the soil useless. Rainwater percolates through the soil, carrying the pollutants into the ground and the groundwater also gets contaminated.
(iii) Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production factories cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.

Question 26.
what are the measures taken by NTPC to protect the natural environment and resources?
Suggest three measures to mininize environmental degradation by the industries in India.
Answer:
To protect the natural environment and resources, the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) has taken the following measures :

  • Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
  • Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
  • Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
  • Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
  • Ecological monitoring, reviews and on-line database management for all its power stations.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss the growth of Cotton Textile Industries in India?
Answer:
Development of Cotton Textile Industries in India: The cotton textile industry is one of the traditional industries of India. In the ancient and medieval times, it was limited only as a cottage industry but in modem times, India’s fame has become worldwide in the production of Muslin a very fine variety of cotton cloth, calicos, chintz and other different varieties of fine cotton cloth. In 1854, the first successful cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai. Today, there are nearly 1600 cotton and human-made fibre textile mills in the country. About 80 per cent of these are in the private sector and the rest in the public and co-operative sectors.

The development of this industry in India has been due to several factors –
(i) India is a tropical country and cotton is the most comfortable fabric for a hot and humid climate
(ii) Large quantity of cotton is grown in India
(iii) Abundant skilled labour required for this industry is available in this country.

Distribution of Cotton Textile Industries:
(i) In India, the first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. Today (as on 30 April 2021), there are nearly 1600 cotton and human made fibre textile mills in the country. About 80 percent of these are in the private sector and the rest in the public and co-operative sectors.

(ii) In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat but now it extends in Tamil Nadu also. Presently, the major centres of cotton textile industry are Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Porbandar, Surat, Mumbai, Pune, Moradabad, Agra, Kanpur, Hawrah, Hugli, Ujjain, Coimbatore, Madurai, Chennai, Indore etc.
All these centres are traditional centres. Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are the leading cotton producing states. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Punjab are the other important cotton textile producers.

(iii) This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.

International Trade : India exports cotton goods to the United States of America, The Great Britain, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Singapore and African countries. India also exports yarn to Japan.

Problems before Cotton Textile Industry:
The major challenges faced by the cotton textile industry are:
(i) The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country.
(ii) Most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market.
(iii) Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded.
(iv) There is low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Question 2.
Discuss the growth of Iron and Steel industries in India?
Answer:
Development of Iron and Steel Industries in India : The iron and steel industry is a basic industry. The development of the iron and steel industry opened the doors to rapid industrial development in India. Almost all industries heavily depend on iron and steel industry for their basic infrastructure. The other raw materials besides iron-ore and coking coal, essential for iron and steel industry are limestone, dolomite,manganese and fine clay. All these raw materials are weight losing. Therefore the best location for the iron and steel plants is near the source of raw materials.

In India there is a crescent-shaped region, comprising parts of Jharkhand, Northern Orissa, Chhattisgarh, and Western West Bengal, which is extremely rich in high-grade iron-ore, good-quality coking coal, etc. The Indian iron and steel industry consists of large integrated steel plants, as well as mini steel plants.

Iron and Steel Plants:
Presently, there are 10 integrated and various mini steel plants in India. Main Integrated steel plants are:

  • Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), Jamshedpur (Jharkhand).
  • Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO), Hirapur, Kulti and Bumpur (West Bengal).
  • Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works Ltd., (VISL): Bhadravati (Karnataka).
  • Rourkela Steel Plant, Rourkela (Odisha).
  • Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai (Chhattisgarh).
  • Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal).
  • Bokaro Steel Plant, Bokaro (Jharkhand)
  • Salem Steel Plant, Salem (Tamil Nadu).
  • Vijay Steel Plant, Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)
  • Vijay Nagar Steel Plant, Vijay Nagar (Karnataka).

HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries - 1

Production and International Trade: Presently, with 106.5 million tons of steel production, India ranks second among the world crude steel producers. India is the largest producer of sponge iron. In 1950s, China and India produced equal quantities of steel. Today, China is the largest producer and consumer of steel. In 2018, per capita consumption of steel in the country was only around 70.9 kg per annum, against the world average of 182 Kg. In 2019, China was the largest exporter of steel, which accounted for 7.3 per cent of the global steel trade.
In 2018, India produced 106.5 million tonnes of steel.

Problems of iron and steel Industries:
Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, still we are not able to perform to our full potential, largely due to –
(i) High cost and limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) Low productivity of labour.
(iii) Irregular supply of power.
(iv) Poor infrastructure.

Map Work

Question 1.
Study the given outline map of India and answer the following questions:
India: Distribution of Cotton, Woollen and Silk Industries.
HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries - 2
1.1. Name any four cotton textile centres.
1.2 Name any two woollen textile centres of India.
1.3 Name any two silk textile centres of India.
Answer:
1.1 Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Madurai.
1.2 Ludhiana, Kanpur.
1.3 Varanasi, Srinagar

Question 2.
Study the given outline map of India and answer the following questions:
India: Iron and Steel Plants.
HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries - 3
2.1. Write the names of at least one iron and steel plant of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.
2.2. Identify the following iron and steel plants in the map:
(a) One steel plant of Karnataka. CRSF 2O18
(b) One steel plant of Chhattisgarh.
Answer:
2.1 Chhattisgarh – Bhilai
Jharkhand – Bokaro, Jamshedpur.
We8t Bengal – Durgapur, Burnpur
Tamil Nadu – Salem.
Karnataka – Bhadravati, Vijaynagar
2.2 (a) Bhadravati, (b) Bhilai.

Question 3.
Study the given outline map of India and answer the following questions:
India: Software Technology Parks
HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries - 4
3.1. Write the names of Software Technology Parks located in the following states :
(a) Tami) Nadu
(b) Assam
(e) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
(e) Uttar Pradesh
(f) Kerala,
(g) Rajasthan
(h) Madhya Pradesh
(i) Jammu and Kashmir.
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu – Chennai
(b) Assam – Guwahati
(c) Karnataka – Bangalore. Mysore
(d) Maharashtra – Mumbai, Pune
(e) Uttar Pradesh – Noida
(f) Kerala – Thiruvananthapuram
(g) R.ajasthan – Jaipur
(h) Madhya Pradesh – Indore
(j) Jammu and Kashmir – Srinagar

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