Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
HBSE 8th Class History Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Textbook Questions and Answers
LET’S IMAGINE
Civilising The Native”, Educating The Nation Question Answer HBSE 8th Class Question 1.
Imagine you were a witness to a debate between Mahatma Gandhi and Macaulay on English education. Write a page on the dialogues you heard.
Answer:
Macaulay emphasized India is an uncivilised country. No branch of Eastern knowledge could be compared to what England had produced. He stressed the need for English education.
Mahatma Gandhi, however, said that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of IndiAnswer: He said that there was poison in this education. Macaulay argued that the knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced.
Mahatma Gandhi emphasized that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching. Mahatma Gandhi also felt that Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings.
Macaulay urged that the British government in India should stop wasting public money in promoting oriental learning for it was of no practical use.
Mahatma Gandhi focussed on practical knowledge and experience. People should know how to operate different things rather than studying only, from books.
LET’S RECALL
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation HBSE 8th Class Question 1.
Match the following:
| (i) William Jones | (a) promotion of English education |
| (ii) Rabindranath Tagore | (b) respect for ancient cultures |
| (iii) Thomas Macaulay | (c) gurus |
| (iv) Mahatma Gandhi | (d) learning in natural environment |
| (v) Pathshalas | (e) critical of English education |
Answer:
| (i) William Jones | (b) respect for ancient cultures |
| (ii) Rabindranath Tagore | (d) learning in natural environment |
| (iii) Thomas Macaulay | (a) promotiono of English education |
| (iv) Mahatma Gandhi | (e) critical of English education |
| (v) Pathshalas | (c) gurus |
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation Questions And Answers HBSE Question 2.
State whether True or False:
(a) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.
(b) The 1854 Despatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False
(d) False
LET’S DISCUSS
Civilising The Native, Educating The Nation Class 8 Questions And Answers HBSE
Question 3.
Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Answer:
William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law due to the following reasons :
- He had a deep respect for ancient cultures both of India and the West.
- He felt that India had attained its glory in the ancient past but had subsequently declined.
- He thought that in order to understand India, it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
- William Jones went about discovering ancient texts, understanding their meaning, translating them, and making their finding known to other.
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation Solutions HBSE 8th Class Question 4.
Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Answer:
James Mill thought that European education was essential in India because :
- The knowledge of the East was full of errors and unscientific thoughts.
- The aim of education should not only be to teach the poetry and sacred literature of the Orient.
- The education should provide useful and practical knowledge to the students.
Thomas Macaulay urged that:
- Oriental learning was of no practical use.
- The English Education was better because it would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature of the world. It would also make them aware about the development in Western Science and philosophy.
Civilising The Native”, Educating The Nation Notes Questions And Answers HBSE
Question 5.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicrafts because he thought:
- Western education focused on reading and writing rather than oral knowledge.
- Education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul. Simple learning to read and write by itself did not count as education.
- If people are allowed to work with hands, learn a craft and know how different things operated, this would develop their mind and their capacity to understand.
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation Class 8 HBSE Question 6.
Wiry did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi thought that English education had enslaved Indians because:
- It made them see Western civilisation as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture.
- Charmed by the West and after getting western education, they began admiring British rule.
- It had poisoned their minds and soul.
LET’S DO
Class 8 Civilising The Native Educating The Nation HBSE Question 7.
Find out from your grandparents about what they studied in school.
Answer:
For self study.
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation Class 8 Questions And Answers HBSE
Question 8.
Find nut about the history of your school or any other school in the area you live.
Answer:
Self study. Contact your school Principal/ Headmaster or record keeper of the school history.
HBSE 8th Class History Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
History Class 8 Chapter 8 HBSE Question 1.
Why did William Jones arrive in Calcutta?
Answer:
William Jones arrived in Calcutta as he had an appointment as a junior judge of the Supreme Court that the Company had set-up.
Class 8 History Civilising The Native Educating The Nation HBSE Question 2.
Why was a madrasa set-up in Calcutta in 1781?
Answer:
A madrasa was set-up in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law.
Question 3.
When and by whom was Wood’s Despatch issued?
Answer:
Wood’s Despatch was issued in 1854 by Charles Wood, the president of the Board of Counil of Company.
Question 4.
Who started Shantiniketan and when?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore started Shantiniketan in 1901.
Question 5.
Why did Tagore decide to set-up his school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta?
Answer:
Tagore decided to set-up his school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta because he was of the view that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment.
Question 6.
Why was the East India Company opposed to missionary activities in India until 1813?
Answer:
It feared that missionary activities would provoke reaction amongst the local population and make them suspicious of British presence in India.
Question 7.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi feel that English education made Indians strangers in their own lands?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi felt so because English education distanced from their social surroundings. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English Educated did not know as to how relate to the masses.
Question 8.
What were seen as “temples of darkness” after the English Education Act of 1835?
Answer:
Oriental institution like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College.
Question 9.
What do you mean by “Wood’s Despatch”?
Answer:
In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General in India. Since the Despatch was issued by Charles Wood, it was called Wood’s Despatch.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write the features of education under Pathshalas.
Answer:
The main features of education under Pathshalas were:
- The pathshalas followed a flexible system of education.
- There were no formal schools.
- Classes were held in open space.
- There were no roll call registers, no annual examinations and no regular time-table.
- Teaching was oral and the Guru decided what to teach.
- The Guru taught according to the needs of his students.
Question 2.
Write four drawbacks of modem education.
Answer:
Drawbacks:
- The British succeeded in some extent to create Indians with European tastes.
- The status of the English-educated persons differed from those who were taught in the Vernaculars.
- It neglected the education of the girls.
- The Indians who received modern education gradually began to blindly follow the European ideas, thought and literature.
Question 3.
What were differences between Tagore’s and Mahatma Gandhi’s idea about education?
Answer:
Gandhiji was highly critical of western civilisation and the worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modem western civilisation with what he saw as the best within Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Shantiniketan along with art, music and dance.
Question 4.
What was Tagore’s motive behind setting up of Shantiniketan?
Answer:
- Tagore wanted to set-up a school where the child was happy, where he could be free and creative.
- Tagore felt that childhood ought to be a time of self-learning, outside the rigid and restricting discipline of the schooling system set-up by the British.
- He set-up his school 100 kilometres away from Calcutta as he thought that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment.
Question 5.
Why did many British officials begin to criticise the Orientalist vision of learning?
Answer:
- They said that knowledge of the East was full of errors and unscientific thought.
- Eastern literature was non-serious and light-hearted.
So, they argued that it was wrong on the part of the British to spend so much effort in encouraging the study of Arabic and Sanskrit language and literature.
Question 6.
How, according to Macaulay, could teaching of English be a way of civilising people?
Answer:
- He felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced.
- It would make them aware of the developments in western science and philosophy.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What were the differences between Orientalists and Anglicists?
Answer:
(a) The Orientalists had a sound knowledge of the language and culture of Asia They favoured the development of Sanskrit and Persian languages in India The Anglicists emphasised upon English language to be the medium of instruction in the educational institutions.
(b) The Orientalists wanted to set-up such educational institutions that encouraged the study of ancient Indian texts. They had respect for the ancientic culture of India. Anglicists wanted to acquaint the Indians with the advancements of science and technology blooming in the. West.
(c) William Jones and Thomas Colebrooke were Orientalists who together translated many Sanskrit and Persian texts into English, set-up the Asiatic Society of Bengal and started a journal Asiatic Researches. James Mill and Thomas Macaulay were the main supporters of English as well as scientific knowledge. Raja Ram Mohan Roy also favoured the western education through English medium.
Question 2.
What were the main recommen-dations of the Wood’s Despatch?
Answer:
- The main aim of governments education policy would be teaching of modem education.
- English language would be the medium of instruction in higher classes.
- An Education Department was to be established in every province.
- At least one government school should be opened in every area.
- Grant-in aid was to be provided to affiliated private schools.
- The Indian natives should be given training in their mother-tongue also.
Question 3.
State the main features of Wood’s Despatch in 1854.
Answer:
- It emphasised the practical benefits of a system of European learning as opposed to oriental knowledge.
- It said that European learning would enable Indians to recognise the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce.
- European ways of life would change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods for Indians.
- European learning would improve the moral character of Indians.
- The literature of the East was not only full of grave errors, it could not instill in people a sense of duty and a commitment to work.
Question 4.
What was the impact of Wood’s Despatch on education system of India?
Answer:
- Education departments of the government were set up to extend control over all matters regarding education.
- Steps were taken to establish a system of university education.
- In 1857, in spite of Sepoys Revolt, universities were being established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
- Attempts were also made to bring about changes within the system of school education.
Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 HBSE Notes
- Linguist: Someone who knows and studies several languages.
- Madrasa: An Arabic word for a place of learnings any type of school or college.
- Orientalists: Those with a scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia.
- Munshi : A person who can read, write and teach Persian.
- Vernacular: A term generally used to refer to a local language or dialect as distinct from what is seen as the standard language. In colonial countries like India, the British used the term to mark the difference between the local languages of everyday use and English the language of the imperial masters.