HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and Diversity

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Chapter 2 Democracy and Diversity Important Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 2 Democracy and Diversity

Multiple Choice Questions

Democracy and Diversity Important Questions HBSE 10th Class Question 1.
Where were the Olympics held in 1968?
(a) Mexico City
(b) Paris
(c) London
(d) New Delhi.
Answer:
(a) Mexico City

Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 2.
Who started the Civil Rights Movement in USA?
(a) George Bush
(b) Barack Obama
(c) John F. Kennedy
(d) Martin Luther King Jr.
Answer:
(d) Martin Luther King Jr.

Chapter 2 Democracy and Diversity HBSE 10th Class Question 3.
Descendents of Africans who were sent to the USA as slaves are known as :
(a) American-Asians
(b) African-Americans
(c) Anglo-Indians
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(b) African-Americans

Question 4.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos received their medals wearing black socks and no shoes:
(a) To show black power
(b) To support Civil Rights Movement
(c) To represent black poverty
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) To represent black poverty

Question 5.
The black-gloved and raised clenched fists of Tommie Smith and John Carlos were meant to symbolize:
(a) White power
(b) Black power
(c) Support to the US policy of racial discrimination
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Support to the US policy of racial discrimination

Question 6.
Which group of countries faced the problem of social divisions?
(a) Sri Lanka, India and Canada
(b) India, UK and USA
(c) Belgium, Sri Lanka and UK
(d) Nepal, Germany and USA.
Answer:
(c) Belgium, Sri Lanka and UK

Question 7.
Most of the social differences are based on –
(a) Caste
(b) Choice
(c) Birth
(d) Religion.
Answer:
(c) Birth

Question 8.
Who represents the interests of Catholics in Northern Ireland—
(a) Unionists
(b) Socialists
(c) Liberals
(d) Separatists
Answer:
(d) Separatists

Question 9.
Social divisions and differences are based on which one important factor?
(a) Migration
(b) Accident of birth
(c) Adopting new religion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Accident of birth

Question 10.
When one set of social differences is weakened by another set of social differences, it is known as –
(a) Overlapping
(b) Social division
(c) Cross cutting
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Cross cutting

Question 11.
Which is not the basic factor of social divisions in India?
(a) Religion
(b) Language
(c) Health
(d) Caste.
Answer:
(c) Health

Question 12.
Which sect of Christianity does Great Britain mainly belong to?
(a) Ebionites
(b) Catholics
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Protestants.
Answer:
(d) Protestants.

Question 13.
A society which has similar kinds of people is known as:
(a) Homogeneous society
(b) Divided society
(c) Classical society
(d) Heterogenous society.
Answer:
(a) Homogeneous society

Question 14.
Anyone who shifts from one place to another place for work or economic opportunity is known as-
(a) Migrant
(b) Emigrant
(c) Immigrant
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Migrant

Question 15.
Which one of the following causes led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia?
(a) Economic crisis
(b) Epidemic
(c) Foreign attack
(d) Political division on religious and ethnic lines.
Answer:
(d) Political division on religious and ethnic lines.

Fill in the blanks

1. In 1968, Olympics were held in ……………
2. …………… won the Gold medal in 200 metres race in Mexico Olympics, 1968.
3. ………………. takes different forms in different societies.
4. The …………. university installed a sculpture representing the protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos.
5. Every social difference does not lead to ………….
6. Social differences are mostly based on …………….
7. Homogeneous society was found in …………..
8. In a democracy …………….. of social division is very normal and can be healthy.
9. ………………. is regarded as the best way to accomodate diversity.
10. Democracy invives competition among different ……………
Answer:
1. Mexico City
2. Tommie Smith
3. Social diversity
4. San Jose state
5. Social division
6. accident of birth
7. Germany and Sweden
8. Political expression
9. Democracy
10. Political parties.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which year were Olympic Games held in Mexico ?
Answer:
In 1968, Olympic Games were held in Mexico City.

Question 2.
Who are Tommie Smith and John Carlos ?
Answer:
Tommie Smith and John Carlos are Afro-American athletes who won Gold and Bronze medals respectively, in Olympics, held at Mexico City
in 1968.

Question 3.
In which game did Tommie and John receive the medals?
Answer:
They received these medals in 200 meters race.

Question 4.
Why did Tommie Smith and John Carlos receive their medals wearing black socks, and no shoes?
Answer:
They wanted to show Black poverty.

Question 5.
What was their purpose behind receiving their medals wearing black socks and no shoes?
Answer:
They wanted to draw international attention to racial discrimination in the U.S.A.

Question 6.
What do the black-gloved and raised clenched fists symbolize?
Answer:
The black-gloved and raised clenched fists symbolize the ‘Black Power1.

Question 7.
Who was Peter Norman?
Answer:
Peter Norman was an Australian Athlete.

Question 8.
What did Peter Norman do to show his support to the Black American athletes during the Award ceremony? –
Answer:
He wore a human rights badge on his shirt.

Question 9.
What was the similarity between Smith and Carlos?
Answer:
Both were African-Americans

Question 10.
In what ways were Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Peter Norman similar?
Answer:
They were similar, as they were all athletes who stood up against racial discrimination.

Question 11.
In what ways were Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Peter Norman different?
Answer:
Tommie Smith and John Carlos were ‘the Blacks’, while Peter Norman was ‘the White’.

Question 12.
Why were the medals of Smith and Carlos taken back by the ‘International Olympics Association’?
Answer:
According to International Olympics Association, they were guilty of violating the Olympic spirit, by making a political statement.

Question 13.
How did Norman suffer for his action?
Answer:
He was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympics.

Question 14.
How did San Jose University honor Carlos and Smith?
Answer:
Their statues were installed in the university campus.

Question 15.
In which year did the San Jose State University install the statues of Tommie Smith and John Carlos?
Answer:
In 2005, the San Jose State University installed the statues of Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

Question 16.
In which year did Peter Norman die?
Answer:
Peter Norman died in 2006.

Question 17.
Who are known as the ‘African-Americans’?
Answer:
The descendants of Africans, who were brought into America as slaves between the 17th century and early 19th century, are known as the
African-Americans

Question 18.
Which are the other terms used for ‘African-Americans’?
Answer:
The other terms used for ‘African- Americans’ are ‘Afro-Americans’, ‘Black Americans’ or ‘the Blacks’.

Question 19.
Which movement took place in the US during 1954-68?
Answer:
‘Civil Rights Movement took place in the U.S. during 1954-68.

Question 20.
What was the main aim of Civil Rights Movements in the U.S.A.?
Answer:
The main aim of Civil Rights Movements in the USA was to abolish legal racial discrimination against African-Americans

Question 21.
With which movement is the name of Martin Luther King Jr. associated?
Answer:
The name of Martin Luther King Jr. is associated with ‘Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.A.

Question 22.
In which year did the Black Power Movement begin and when did it come to an end?
Answer:
The Black Power Movement started in 1966 and lasted till 1975.

Question 23.
Which movement favored even violence if necessary?
Answer:
The Black Power Movement (1966-75) favored even violence, if necessary, to end racism in the U.S.

Question 24.
In which year, was ‘UN Conference Against Racism’ held in Durban?
Answer:
‘UN Conference Against Racism’ was held in Durban in 2001.

Question 25.
On which factors are social divisions based?
Answer:
Social divisions are based on many factors such as social status, poverty, caste, community, language, etc.

Question 26.
Which are the two social divisions of U.S. Society?
Answer:
U.S. Society is divided into Blacks and Whites.

Question 27.
Give the names of two countries that are predominantly Christian.
Answer:
Northern Ireland and the Netherlands are predominantly Christian but divided into Catholics and Protestants.

Question 28.
What is meant by ‘Homogeneous Society?
Answer:
A society having similar kinds of people without any ethnic differences is known as a ‘Homogeneous Society’.

Question 29.
In which country is the society fairly homogeneous?
Or
In which country are there little ethnic differences?
Answer:
In Germany, society is fairly homogeneous. In other words, it has little ethnic differences.

Question 30.
By which political parties were Catholics and Protestants of Northern Ireland represented?
Answer:
Catholics in Northern Ireland were represented by Nationalist Parties and Protestants by Unionists.

Question 31.
In which year was the peace treaty signed between the U.K. Government and the Nationalists?
Answer:
The peace treaty was signed between the U.K. Government and the Nationalists in 1998.

Question 32.
What caused the disintegration of Yugoslavia?
Answer:
Yugoslavia faced disintegration due to political division on religious and ethnic lines. What was the result of political competition between

Question 33.
religious or ethnic groups in Yugoslavia?
Answer:
Due to the political competition between ethnic groups, Yugoslavia disintegrated into six independent countries.

Short Answer Type Questions-I

Question 1.
What happened during the medal ceremony of Olympics held at Mexico City in 1968 ?
Answer:
Tommie Smith and John Carlos were the winners of gold and bronze medals respectively, in 200 metres race, in 1968 Olympics held at Mexico city. They received their medals wearing black socks and no shoes to represent Black poverty and racial discrimination in the United States of America (U.S.A.).

Question 2.
How did Peter Norman support the protest of Smith and Carlos?
Answer:
The ‘White’ silver medalist, an Australian Athlete, Peter Norman, wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the award ceremony, to show his support to Afro-Americans, Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

Question 3.
What ill-effects of protest were faced by Tommie Smith, John Carlos and Peter Norman?
Answer:
The International Olympics Association found Tommie Smith and John Carlos guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement. Their medals were taken back. Norman also suffered, as he was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympics.

Question 4.
“Smith and Carlos tried to draw International attention to racial discrimination in the U.S.A.” Can their act be justified ?
Answer:
Yes, their act can be justified on the following grounds:
It is unjust to bear discrimination on any ground. America is the largest democratic country. If there, a violation of democratic and human values, is seen, then to draw world attention towards it was not wrong.

Question 5.
What was the positive result of their protest ?
Answer:
Though Carlos and Smith were declared guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement, and their medals were taken back, but their action succeeded in gaining international attention for the ‘Civil Rights Movement’ and San Jose State University installed their statue in University campus.

Question 6.
What do you know about ‘Civil Rights Movement’ ?
Answer:
The ‘Civil Rights Movement’ started in the United States of America (U.S.A.) in 1954, and it continued till 1968. The chief aim of this movement was to abolish legal racial discrimination against African-AmericAnswer: It was led by Martin Luther King Jr. The movement was based on non-violent methods.

Question 7.
Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?
Answer:
Martin Luther King Jr. was a Black American. He was the most famous leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States of America. He launched protests, adopting non-violence methods against apartheid. He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 8.
Which are the different forms of social division ?
Answer:

• Social division based on racial discrimination, for example, South Africa.
• Social division based on religion and language, for example, Belgium and Sri Lanka.
• Social division based on social inequalities, for example, India.

Question 9.
Which type of diversity or division is seen in Belgium and Sri Lanka ?
Answer:
The examples of Belgium and Sri Lanka, show both, social and regional division. In Belgium, the people who live in different regions speak different languages. In Sri Lanka, we see linguistic as well as religious differences.

Question 10.
“Are the social differences mostly based on accident of birth’? Explain.
Answer: We generally belong to our community because we were bom into it. We all experience social differences, based on birth, in our everyday lives. People around us have different physical abilities and disabilities. But, all social differences are not based on birth. Some are based on our choices.

Question 11.
Give some examples of differences based on our choices. .
Answer:

• Some people are ‘Athiests’, as they do not believe in the existence of God.
• Some people choose to follow a religion other than their original religion.
• The people have the choice what to study and what occupation to take up.

Question 12.
“We have different identities in different contexts”. Discuss.
Answer:
We have different identities in different contexts in the following manner :

• The people of same religion do not feel a sense of belonging to the same communities because their caste is very different.
• Sometimes the people of different religions have the same caste and feel close to each other.
• Rich and poor people of same family do not have close relations.

Question 13.
“Every social difference does not lead to social division”. Explain.
Answer:
Yes, although social differences divide similar people from one anther, but they also unite very different people. People belonging to different social groups, share differences, as well as similarities. For example, Carlos and Smith were similar in one way, as both were the Black, and thus, different from Norman, the White. But, all the three were similar in another way, as they stood against the racial discrimination.

Question 14.
Explain cross-cutting difference.
Answer:
It means the groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on different issues. For example, Northern Ireland and Netherlands both are mainly Christian countries, but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other while in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other.

Question 15.
“Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions”. Explain.
Answer:
It is true. For instance, the difference between the Blacks and the Whites became a reason of social division in the United States of America (U.S.A.), because Blacks are poor and discriminated. In India, Dalits are poor and have to face injustice. This kind of situation produces social division and this is not good for democracy.

Question 16.
Do you think that social differences happen only in big countries like India?
Answer:
It does not matter whether the country is big or small. Social divisions exist in all types of countries in one or another form. India is a big country and Belgium is small, but both suffer from social division. Even the countries, like Germany and Sweden, that were once highly homogeneous, are now facing a rapid change due to the influx of people from other parts of the World.

Question 17.
Why are most countries of the world multi-cultural ?
Answer:
In most of the countries like Germany and Sweden, there was ‘Homogeneous Society’ which had no significant ethnic differences. But, these countries are undergoing rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world. These migrants bring with them their own culture. In this way, most countries are multi-cultural.

Question 18.
“The combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive”. Explain.
Answer:
The combination of politics and social divisions results in political divisions and leads to conflict, violence and disintegration of the country. The combination of politics and social division has led to the killing of countless people due to violent conflict. This combination was also responsible for the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

Question 19.
“Combination of politics and social divisions does not always prove dangerous and explosive”. Discuss.
Answer:
In a democracy, it is quite natural that political parties would talk about these divisions, make different promises to different communities, provide due representation to each community and make policies to reduce grievances of disadvantaged communities. This type of combination never leads to disintegration.

Question 20.
Which factors are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions ?
Answer:
Three factors are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social division :

• How people perceive their identities-singular or multiple. Singular identities are difficult to accommodate.
• How political leaders raise the demands of any community.
• How the government reacts to demands of different groups.

Question 21.
What type of demands are easy to accommodate ?
Answer:
It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. For example, the demand for ‘only Sinhalese’ was at the cost of the interest and identity of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka.

Question 22.
How does the government react to demands of different groups?
Answer:
If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening. But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the result would be quite opposite. In the case of Belgium and Sri Lanka, the governments reacts differently.

Short Answer Type Questions-II

Question 1.
Give a brief account of the incident that took place in the Mexico Olympics, 1968. Mention the controversy in Award ceremony ?
Answer:
In 1968, ‘Olympic Games’ were held at Mexico City. The two African-Americans athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos won the gold medal and bronze medal respectively, in 200 metres race. During medal ceremony, they wore black socks and no shoes to represent Black poverty. With this gesture, they tried to draw international attention towards racial discrimination in the United States of America (U.S.A.).

The black-gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolize Black Power. The silver medalist ‘white’ Australian athlete, Peter Norman, wore a human rights badge on his shirt to support Smith and Carlos. The ‘International Olympic Association’ declared Smith and Carlos guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement. Their medals were taken back and Norman was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympics.

Question 2.
Explain the difference btween Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement in the USA.
Answer:
Following are the difference between Civil Right Movement and Black Power Movement

Civil Rights:

• Led by Martin Luther King Jr. this movement lasted from 1954-1968.
• The Movement refers to a set of events and reform movements aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination
• against African-Americans This movement practiced non-violent methods of Civil disobedience against racially discriminating laws and practices.

Black Power Movement:

• This movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975.
• It was a more militant anti-racist movement.
• The Black Power movement advocated even violence, if necessary, to end racism in the USA.

Question 3.
What are the main causes of the origin of social differences ? Explain them. Answer: The main causes of the origin of social differences are as under:
Answer:
(i) Birth: People cannot take birth in a community of their choice. Some people are born in a rich family while others are born in poor family. Some are bom whites and some are born blacks. Thus, social divisions are generally based on accident of birth.

(ii) Choice: Some social divisions are based on choice of the individuals. Some people can follow the religion of their choice and adopt the profession of their choice. Some people even choose to remain athiests.
All such choices lead to social differences.

Question 4.
Do the people of same religion belong to same community?
Answer:
No, it is not necessary that the people of same religion, should belong to the same community. Generally, the people belonging to same religion feel that they do not belong to the same community because their caste is different. it is also possible for people from different religions to have the same caste and feel close to each other. This fact proves that we have more than one identity and can belong to more than one social groups. That’s why, the people of same religion can belong to different communities.

Question 5.
“Some people conclude that politics and social division should not be allowed to mix”. Explain with examples.
Answer:
According to some people, politics and social division should not be allowed to mix because their combination is very dangerous and explosive. Democracy involves competition among various political parties. This competition divides society. These social divisions cause political divisions and lead to conflict, violence and even disintegration of the society and the country. This fact may be proved by presenting the examples of Northern Ireland and the Netherlands.

In Northern Ireland, 53 per cent are Protestants and 44 per cent are Roman Catholics. Catholics were represented by Nationalist parties and demanded that Northern Ireland be united with the Republic of Ireland. The Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with the U.K. A prolonged civil war ensued. Tn 1998, a peace treaty was signed between the U.K. Government and the Nationalists.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by social division? When do social divisions take place in society? Describe with suitable examples.
Answer:
A social difference refers to the difference in a group of people due to their caste, race, religion, culture, language, region and sex, etc. It becomes a social division, when some social differences combine with another set of differences.

Social takes place under the following circumstances:

• Social division dueto overlapping differences.
• Social division due to cross-cutting differences.
• Social division due to migration.

(i) Social division due to Overlapping differences: Some of the social differences overlap other differences, for instance, the differences between the Blacks and the Whites of United States of America (USA). In the USA, due to these circumstances ifiacks are poor, homeless and generally discriminated against. In our country, Dulits tend to be poor and landless. They generally face social injustice and discrimination.
A situation of this kind produces social divisions, when one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people start feeling that they belong to difThrent communities.

(ii) Social Division due to Cross-cutting Social Differences:
It means the groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be on different sides on different issues. For example, Northern Ireland and Netherlands both are mainly Christian countries, but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other while in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other.

(iii) Social Division due to Migration: Sometimes, there is division or difference in society due to migration and migrants. Even, countries like Sweden and Germany, that were once highly homogenous, are undergoing rapid change with infusion of people from other parts of the world. Migrants bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community. In this sense, most countries of the world are multicultural and have multi-dimensional social divisions.

Question 2.
How do social divisions affect politics? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Democracy involves competition among various political parties which is turn divides a society. In fact social diversities can turn into political division thereby leading to conflict and violence and disintegration of society (country). This happened in many countries.
For example:
Northern Ireland: This region of UK has been for many years the site of violent and bitter ethnopolitical conflict. Its population is divided into 2 major groups of Christianity- 53% of its population is protestant represented by Unionists who wanted to remain in UK which is predominantly protestant) and 44% of the population is Roman Catholic crepresented by Nationalist parties who demanded that the Northern Ireland should be unified with the Republic of Ireland (which is predominantly a Catholic country).

Hundreds of civilians militants and security forces of the UK and the Nationalists died in the ensuring Civil War. It was only in 1998, that the UK government and the nationalists reached a peace treaty after which the latter suspended their armed struggle.

Yugoslavia: Political competition along religious and ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

India: Social divisions affect voting in most constituencies. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others. In many states there are parties that focus only on the community. Yet, all this does not lead to the disintegration of the country.

Question 3.
‘Democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity. Discuss.
Answer:
It is correct that democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity. But there is a problem, that a ‘positive attitude towards diversity and ‘willingness to accommodate’ do not come easily. Peaceful and Constitutional Way: Sometimes, people feel deprived and discriminated. They have to fight against injustice. Generally, they start their fight in a peaceful or constitutional manner. Such a fight often takes the democratic path. They try to get a fair position through elections.

Path of Violence: Sometimes, social differences create large social inequalities. The struggle against such inequalities often takes the path of violence. This cannot be justified on any ground. The path of violence only creates bloodshed and mistrust among the people. It is against the democratic spirit, and leads only to disaster and disintegration of the country. However, the path of violence cannot be justified on any grounds. History shows that democracy is the only and the best way to resolve and accommodate any kind of social diversity or division.

Question 4.
Explain the origin of social differences.
Answer:
Origins of Social differences:
Accident of birth:
We don’t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were bom into it. We experience social differences based on accident of birth in our everyday life.

Based on choices:
Some of the differences are based on our choices. Some people are atheists. They don’t believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were bom. Most of us choose to study a subject of our interest and an occupation where we can excel. All these lead to formation of social groups that are based on our choices.

For example:
Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand. Restructuring of centre-state relations: The constitutional arrangements for sharing power depends on how the ruling parties and leaders follow these arrangements. For a long time, the same party ruled both at the centre and in most of the states. Post- 1990 saw the rise of regional parties. Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the national parties had to enter into an alliance which led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for autonomy of state governments