Class 12

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Linear Programming Ex 12.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Linear Programming Ex 12.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.3

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.2

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry Ex 11.1

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Vector Algebra Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Vector Algebra Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class English Solutions Grammar Change of Narration Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class English Grammar Change of Narration

Direct and Indirect Speech :
There are two ways of reporting the words spoken by a person :
(i) We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This is called Direct Speech. The words of the speaker are enclosed within inverted commas. For example, Ram said to me, “I am going to Delhi.”
(ii) We may convey the meaning or sense of the speaker without using his actual words. This is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech. For example: Ram told me that he was going to Delhi.

The Reporting Verb and the Reported Speech: The part outside the inverted commas has three elements i.e. the verb introducing the speech is the Reporting Verb. It has a subject and an object as, e.g. Ram (subject) said (Reporting verb) to me (object). The words of the speech which are placed within the inverted commas are called “the reported speech”. Thus in the above sentence, “I am going to Delhi” is the reported speech.

General Rules For Changing Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech
(a) Change in Pronouns :
A sentence of Direct Speech has two parts. The part before the inverted commas is called Reporting Verb and the part within the inverted commas is called Reported Speech. When a direct sentence is changed into an indirect one, the pronouns of the Reported Speech change according to the reporting verb.

The following rules should be kept in mind :

• The pronouns of the Ist person are changed according to the subject of the Reporting Verb.
• The pronouns of the IInd person are changed according to the object of the Reporting Verb.
• The pronouns of the IIIrd person of the Direct Speech are not changed at all.

The following diagram will make it clear :

For different kinds of pronouns, please study the following chart carefully.

(C) Change in Tenses :
(i) If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future tense, the tense of the Direct Speech does not change : He says, “I am going to Delhi.”
He says that he is going to Delhi.
(ii) When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the direct speech changes as follows:

Exceptions :
(i) The Present simple, when stating a general truth, does not change. He said, “Honesty is the best policy.” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-A)] He said that Honesty is the best policy.
(ii) Imaginary conditions (If …. were clauses) do not change :
He said, “If my son were here, I would be very happy.”
He said that if his son were there, he would be very happy.

(d) Change of Must :
(i) When must indicates future necessity or compulsion, it changes into the conditional :
He said, “I must leave tomorrow.”
He said that he would have to leave the next day.
(ii) For immediate necessity, must is changed into had to :
She said, “I must go home now.”
She said that she had to go home then.
(iii) When must indicates permanent rule, prohibition, etc., it does not change:
The Principal said, “Students mustn’t smoke in the class.”
The Principal said that the students mustn’t smoke in the class.

Different Types of Sentences in the Direct Speech
There are the following four kinds of sentences in the Direct Speech :
(a) Statements.
(b) Questions. (Interrogative Sentences)
(c) Imperative sentences.
(d) Exclamations.
We shall now discuss these one by one.

A. Statements

Rules for changing direct statements into the indirect :
(i) The conjunction that is placed between the reporting verb and the reported speech, but it is not essential and is often omitted. He said, “I like swimming.” He said that he liked swimming. Mohan said, “I am an early riser.” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-B)] Mohan said that he is an early riser.
(ii) All the other general rules given earlier are followed.

Some Other Examples:

Exercise 1
Rewrite the following statements into Indirect Speech:
1. “We are moving into a new house,” my neighbour said.
2. “If it rains we will have to cancel the match,” the captain said.
3. “We shall go to the zoo,” Ashok said to his friend.
4. I asked him, “Are you happy?” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-C)]
5. “Those who have written the essay can go home,” the teacher said.
6. All my friends tell me, “You will be a great man one day.” (H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-B)] [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-B)]
7. I said, “I have been ill since Monday.”
8. The teacher said, “Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence.”
9. “Your husband will soon be well.” Dr. Sapru told Mrs Rao.
10. “I am going to Delhi on the 10th.” Harpreet said.
Answers:
1. My neighbor said that they were moving into a new house.
2. The captain said that if it rained they would have to cancel the match.
3. Ashok told his friend that they would go to the zoo.
4. I asked him if he was happy.
5. The teacher said that those who had written the essay could go home.
6. All my friends tell me that I will be a great man one day.
7. I said that i had been ill since Monday.
8. The teacher said that Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence.
9. Dr. Sapru told Mrs. Rao that her husband would soon be well.
10. Harpreet said that he was going to Delhi on the 10th.

B. Interrogative Sentences
Rules of changing questions into Indirect Speech :
(i) The reporting verb is changed into ‘ask’, ‘inquire’, ‘wonder’, etc.
(ii) The interrogative form of the verb is changed into affirmative form by placing the subject before
the verb and deleting the question mark (?). When ‘do’, ‘does’, ‘did’ are used as helping verbs, they are deleted.
(iii) If the question begins with a question word, (or wh-word), for example, when, where, who, why, which, whose, whom, how, etc., no conjunction is used between the reporting verb and the reported speech.
(iv) If the question begins with a helping verb, ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used as a conjunction between reporting verb and the reported speech.
(v) If shall indicates normal future, it changes into would or should. If it indicates request or suggestion, it changes into should.
(vi) For yes or no as answers to question, a clause must be provided for changing them into indirect speech.

Examples :
Direct: He said to me, “Where are you going ?”
Indirect: He asked me where I was going.
Direct: She said to me, “Do you know her ?” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-B)]
Indirect: She asked me if I knew her.
Direct: The teacher asked the pupil, “Have you done your work ?”.
Indirect: The teacher asked the pupil if (or whether) he had done his work.
Direct: He said to me, “Shall I help you ?”
Indirect: He asked me if he should help me.
Direct: I said to him, “Do you know Mohan ?” “No”!
Indirect: I asked him if he knew Mohan and he said that he did not know Mohan.

Some Other Examples :

Exercise 2
Change the form of narration in the following sentences :
1. The teacher said, “Oil floats on water.
2. Mohan said to me, “Are you going to Sangrur ?”
3. I said to her, “Do you want my help ?”
4. He said to me, “Are you well ?”
5. I said to my friend, “When did you come ?”
6. He said to me, “Is your father a doctor ?”
7. The shopkeeper said to me, “What do you want ?”
8. “Where does the Principal live ?” a parent asked the peon.
9. She said to her brother, “Do you like chocolate ?”
10. The student said to the Headmaster, “May I come in ?”
11. The policeman said to me, “Where do you live ?”
12. Ram said to Shyam, “What are you reading ?” [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-B)] [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-A)]
Answers:
1. The teacher said that oil floats on water.
2. Mohan asked me if I was going to Sangrur.
3. I asked her if she wanted my help.
4. He asked me if I was well.
5. I asked my friend when he had come.
6. He asked me if my father was a doctor.
7. The shopkeeper asked me what I wanted.
8. A parent asked the peon where the Principal lived.
9. She asked her brother if he liked chocolate.
10. The student asked the Headmaster if he might come in.
11. The policeman asked me where I lived.
12. Ram asked Shyam what he was reading.

C. Imperative Sentences
Commands, requests, suggestions] Rules for changing Imperative Sentences into Indirect Speech :
(i) In indirect narration, the reporting verb ‘say’ is changed into ask, tell, order, command, beg, urge, remind, warn, etc. according to sense of the sentence. The word ‘ask’ can be used in all general imperative sentences where it is not clear whether the sentence is an order, request, etc.
(ii) After the reporting verb, to + infinitive is used.
(iii) Negative commands, requests, etc. are expressed by not + to-infinitive or forbid + to-infinitive.
(iv) Use of ‘let’: If élet’ means proposal, suggestion, command, or order, we use proposed, suggested, ordered, etc. If it means permission, we use “let’ + infinitive or ‘might be allowed.’

Examples :
Direct: He said, “Open the door.”
Indirect: He ordered/requested/told/asked me to open the door.
Direct: The captain said to the soldiers, “Fire at the enemy.”
Indirect: The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
Direct: The beggar said, “Please give me a rupee.”
Indirect: The beggar requested me to give him a rupee.
Direct: The teacher said, “Don’t make a noise, boys.”
Indirect: The teacher told the boys not to make a noise.
Or
The teacher forbade the boys to make a noise.
Direct: He said, “Let us go out for a walk.”
Indirect: He suggested going out for a walk.
Or
He suggested that we/they should go out for a walk.

Some Other Examples :

Exercise 3
Change the following into Indirect Speech :
1. The Principal said to the peon, “Bring that file to me.”
2. The Headmaster said to the peon, “Ring the bell.”
3. I said to him, “Please don’t smoke here.”
4. She said to the me, “Open the window.”
5. He said to his son, “Never tell a lie.”
6. The captain said to the soldiers, “Fire at the enemy.”
7. Ram said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.”
8. The manager said to the servant, “Go and post this letter.”
9. I said to the students, “Work regularly.”
10. “Lie down, Mohan”, the father said to his son. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-A)] [H.B.S.E. March, 2019 (Set-C)]
Answers:
1. The Principal ordered the peon to bring that file to him.
2. The Headmaster ordered the peon to ring the bell.
3. I requested him not to smoke there.
4. She ordered me to open the window.
5. He advised his son never to tell a lie.
6. The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
7. Ram asked Mohan to listen to what he said.
8. The Manager ordered the servant to go and post that letter.
9. I advised the students to work regularly.
10. The father ordered his son, Mohan to lie down.

D. Exclamations
There is no entirely accurate way of expressing exclamations in reported speech. The best method is to try to express the spirit of the exclamation in the indirect speech. You needn’t make indirect of every word in the direct speech. On the other hand, you may add extra words to convey the right spirit.

The following points, may, however, be noted :
(i) The reporting verb is changed into “exclaim’, “sigh’, etc. as the case may be. Some examples are:

(ii) Exclamations with ‘what’ and ‘how’ are changed into, “He remarked/exclaimed that ……”
Examples :
Direct: He said, “Alas! I have injured my foot.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he had injured his foot.
Direct: The boys said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
Indirect: The boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Direct: He said, “Pooh pooh! what a dirty fellow.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with contempt that he was a very dirty fellow.
Direct: She said to me, “For God’s sake, save me.”
Indirect: She begged me to save her.

Some Other Examples :

Exercise 4
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :
1. “What a pleasant evening! Shall we go for a walk ?” said Sudhir to his friends.
2. “How stuffy it’s here! Let’s go and sit in the garden.” Prema said to her friends.
3. “How nice of you to have come !” my friend said to me.
4. My friend said to me, “How persuasively your lawyer argued the case !”
5. “What a pity you did not come to the party !” my friend said to me.
6. “What a lazy girl you are! How shabbily you have done your work !” the teacher said to Renuka.
7. “May God bless you !” said the old man to the boy.
8. “Alas ! what shall I do now?” cried the traveller. “Who will show me the way in this jungle ?”
9. “What a ghastly accident! the passer-by said. [H.B.S.E. March 2019 (Set-D)]
Answers:
1. Sudhir exclaimed that it was a pleasant evening and suggested to his friends that they should go for a walk.
2. Prema exclaimed that it was very stuffy there and proposed to her friends that they should go and sit in the garden.
3. My friend told me that it was very nice of me to have come.
4. My friend told me that my lawyer had argued the case very persuasively.
5. My friend exclaimed that it was a pity I had not come to the party.
6. The teacher rebuked Renuka, calling her a lazy girl, and said that she had done her work very shabbily.
7. The old man wished that God might bless the boy.
8. The traveller wondered sorrowfully what he should do then and who would show him the way in that jungle.
9. The passer-by exclaimed with wonder that it was a very ghastly accident.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)
Exercise 1
Change the form of the narration :
1. I said to her, “How is your father?” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-D)]
2. The teacher said, “Boys, don’t waste your time if you want to pass the examination.”
3. Ram will say, “I saw my teacher in the park.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-A)]
4. The girl said to him, “Where are we now ?”
5. I said, “ I have finished my work.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-C)]
6. Her husband said to her, “You may wear natural flowers.”
7. His uncle said, “Two and two make four.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-C)]
8. I said, “Boys, don’t make a noise in the class.”
9. “Do you wish to open an account ?” the manager asked the customer. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-A)]
10. Mother said, “Tea is ready”. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-A)]
Answers:
1. I asked her how her father was.
2. The teacher advised the boys not to waste their time if they wanted to pass the examination.
3. Ram will say that he saw his teacher in the park.
4. The girl asked him where they were then.
5. I said that i had finished my work.
6. Her husband told her that she might wear natural flowers.
7. His uncle said that two and two make four.
8. I forbade the boys to make a noise in the class.
9. The manager asked the customer if he wished to open an account.
10. Mother said that tea was ready.

Exercise 2
Change the form of the narration :
1. He said, “I have won a lottery today.” [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
2. I said to her, “Will you dine with me at the hotel?”
3. “I posted the letter,” said the boy. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-B)]
4. The beggar said to me, “May God bless you with all the pleasures of life!”
5. The policeman said to him, “Give me your name and address.”
6. Mr. Hudson said to me, “I could show you one.”
7. I said to him, “Leave this place at once.” [H.B.S.E. 2018 (Set-D)]
8. He said, “I shall go there.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-D)]
9. I said to Mr. Hudson, “How long will they stay under ?”
10. “I have read a new novel by R. K. Narayan”, said Monika.” [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-A)]
Answers:
1. He said that he had won a lottery that day.
2. I asked her if she would dine with me at the hotel.
3. The boy said that he had posted the letter.
4. The beggar wished me that God might bless me with all the pleasures of life.
5. The policeman suggested to him that he should give him his name and address.
Or
The police advised him to give him his name and address.
6. Mr. Hudson told me that he could show me one.
7. I asked him to leave that place at once.
8. He said that he would go there.
9. I asked Mr. Hudson how long they would stay under.
10. Monika said that she had read a new novel by R.K. Narayan.

Exercise 3
Change the form of the narration :
1. She said to her father, “I will not marry the boy you have selected for me.”
2. “Wait a minute,” he said to his assistant.
3. The teacher said, “Don’t make a noise boys.” [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
4. Pasteur said, “What works for dogs may not work for human beings.”
5. Pasteur asked him if he thought he dared go abroad.
6. I said, “I agree to what he said.” [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-C)]
7. She said, “Kamla do you like this book?” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-D)]
8. The man said, “We only prepare, Socrates, just so much as we deem enough.”
9. The teacher said to the boy, “Shut the door.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-C)]
10. The priest said, “Truth wins in the long race.” [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-D)]
Answers:
1. She told her father that she would not marry the boy he had selected for her.
2. He advised his assistant to wait a minute.
3. The teacher forbade the boys to make a noise.
4. Pasteur said that what worked for dogs might not work for human beings.
5. Pasteur said to him, “Do you think you dare go abroad?”
6. I said that I agreed to what he had said.
7. She asked Kamla if she liked that book.
8. The man told Socrates that they only prepared just so much as they deemed enough.
9. The teacher ordered the boy to shut the door.
10. The priest said that truth wins in the long race.

Exercise 4
Change the form of the narration :
1. “Go out and play for some time,” said the mother to her son. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-D)]
2. I said to him, “Don’t trust him. He will leave you in the lurch.”
3. Her husband cried, “How stupid you are!”. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-B) ]
4. “Choose, my dear,” said Madame Forestier to Loisel.
5. She asked him, “What do you wish me to do with that?”
6. The assistant asked the doctor, “Is he going to live ?”
7. The man’s wife asked, “Is he now out of danger ?”
8. Shivam said, “We are moving into a new house.”[H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
9. He said to Meena, “I have passed the test.”
10. He said, “I do Yogasanas daily.” [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-C)]
Answers:
1. The mother asked her son to go out and play for some time.
2. I warned him not to trust him as he would leave him in the lurch.
3. Her husband exclaimed with surprise that she was very stupid.
4. Madame Forestier told Loisel lovingly to choose.
5. She asked him what he wished her to do with that.
6. The assistant asked the doctor if he was going to live.
7. The man’s wife asked if he was now out of danger.
8. Shivam said that they were moving into a new house.
9. He told Meena that he had passed the test.
10. He said that he does Yogasanas daily.

Exercise 5
Change the form of the narration :
1. I said to Miss Beam, “I have heard so much about the originality of your school.”
2. The old man said, “Alas! my only son is dead.” [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
3. Mohan said to his sister, “Where were you going with your friend yesterday?”
4. I said, “We are going toward the house.”
5. “I see some beautiful grounds,” I said.
6. The old man said to the boy, “May God bless you.” [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
7. Jack said to his aunt, “Sit down, you must be tired.”
8. Jill said, “What do you think of our little nest, Aunt Jane ?”
9. “What shall I tell him, Mummy ?” the child asked. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-C)]
10. He said, “Let us go out for a walk.” [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
Answers:
1. I asked Miss Beam that I had heard so much about the originality of her school.
2. The old man exclaimed with sorrow that his only son was dead.
3. Mohan asked his sister where she had been going with her friend the previous day.
4. I said that they were going toward the house.
5. I said that I saw some beautiful grounds.
6. The old man wished the boy that God might blessed him.
7. Jack requested his aunt to sit down as she must have been tired.
8. Jill asked Aunt Jane what she thought of their little nest.
9. The child asked the Mummy what (he/she) should tell him.
10. He proposed that they should go out for a walk.

Exercises For Practice (Unsolved)
Exercise 1
Change the form of the narration :
1. Sid said to Tom, “Why didn’t you wake me sooner ?”
2. Tom said, “I don’t want to stay home from school.”
3. Tom said, “Sid, don’t juggle me.”
4. Şid told Tom not to wait and asked him to come quickly.
5. Tom said, “Auntie, please don’t pull it out.”
6. Sid asked, “Tom, why didn’t you wake me sooner ?”
7. She said, “Now that your tooth is out, you should go to school.”
8. Auntie said, “You should not have frightened me like this.”
9. Tom said to Sid, “Don’t call anybody.”
10. She said to Tom, “Open your mouth.”

Exercise 2
Change the form of the narration :
1. Sid said, “Aunt Polly, Tom is dying.”
2. Aunt Polly said, “What is the matter with your tooth ?”
3. “I don’t believe it,” said Aunt Polly.
4. Aunt Polly asked Tom what the matter with him was.
5. Tom said, “One of them is loose.”
6. Tom said, “Auntie, my sore toe is mortified.”
7. Auntie said to Tom, “Don’t begin that groaning again.”
8. She said, “Tom, what a turn you gave me.”
9. Sid asked, “How long have you been this way, Tom ?”
10. Sid said to Tom, “It makes my flesh crawl to hear you.”

Exercise 3
Change the form of the narration :
1. “Let’s get our fares back,” said one of the passengers.
2. “They stick by each other,” said a passenger.
3. “What is your number ?” said a passenger to the conductor.
4. “He has got his rules,” he said.
5. “He has been offered, and he won’t take it,” said he.
6. “I shall certainly do nothing of this kind,” said the woman.
7. “Call the police,” said someone.
8. The conductor said, “That is my order.”
9. “What is your number ?” said one.
10. Her lady companion said, “You have a cough.”

Exercise 4
Change the form of the narration :
1. “It would kill me,” said the lady.
2. “I will go on the top,” said the lady at last.
3. They said, “Let’s all report against him.”
4. “It’s nonsense,” said her male companion.
5. He told the lady that she must take that dog out.
6. The policeman asked him to give him his name and address.
7. I said to the conductor, “You have kept the rule and broken the spirit.”
8. He said, “Good Night.”
9. I said to him, “You should mix your rules with a little goodwill.”
10. The conductor wished him good night.

Exercise 5
Change the form of the narration :
1. I said to her, “Are your guides kind to you ?”
2. I said, “There is an old man tying up roses.”
3. I asked her if she did not ever peep.
4. She said, “Let us go out for a little walk.”
5. Miss Beam asked the writer what he saw outside.
6. Miss Beam said to the girl, “Here is a gentleman come to talk to you.”
7. She said, “What is the colour of her hair ?”
8. She said, “Then there is something in my system after all.”
9. She suggested that they should go out for a little walk.
10. I asked Miss Beam, “What are your scholastic methods ?”

Exercise 6
Change the form of the narration :
1. “What do you see ?” Miss Beam asked me.
2. I asked the girl, “Shall I lead you somewhere ?”
3. My companion asked, “What has the girl got on ?”
4. The author said, “She seems to be a helpless cripple.”
5. He said to himself, “Can I see other’s woe ?”
6. She said, “I am coming to that.”
7. Miss Beam said, “The real aim of my school is to instil thoughtfulness.”
8. Miss Beam said to the author, “Lookout of the window for a minute.”
9. The girl said, “I think she is Millie.”
10. Miss Beam said, “Millie is the head girl.”

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class English Solutions Grammar Tenses Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class English Grammar Tenses

What is a Tense?
The word ‘tense’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘Tempus’ which means ‘time’. Therefore, a tense is a form of the verb which indicates the time of an action or its state.

Kinds of Tenses
There are three main tenses corresponding to the three divisions of time. These are :
(a) The Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)
(b) The Past Tense (भूतकाल)
(c) The Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

Each of these three main tenses has four forms :

1. Simple or Indefinite
2. Continuous or Progressive
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous

This can be shown diagrammatically as follows :

Thus there are twelve forms of tenses.

1. The Simple Present (Or The Present Indefinite) Form: The Simple Present Tense is formed by using the 1st form of the verb. When the tense is used for the third person singular, we add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the first form, e.g. (हिंदी में अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में ता है, ती है, ता हूँ, ते है की आवाज आती है।)
A cow eats grass.
Cows eat grass. The negative and interrogative sentences are formed by using ‘do’ or does, e.g.
A cow eats grass but it does not eat meat.
Do lions eat grass? No, they don’t eat grass.

Chart of the Present Indefinite Tense

Uses of the Simple Present Tense :
(a) To describe a habitual action: Manohar gets up early in the morning. Then he goes for a long walk.
(b) To express a general, universal or scientific truth: The sun rises in the east. The truth fears no examination.
(c) To express a fact which is true at the time of speaking: Ravina lives in Mumbai. The Express train does not stop at this station.
(d) To express the past events in a more vivid way. This use of the present tense is called Historical present. Hemu and Akbar face each other on the battlefield. Akbar shoots an arrow. Hemu falls off his elephant. His army runs away in confusion. Akbar wins the battle.
(e) In describing running commentaries: Anil passes the ball to Shubham and he hits it into the goal.

Forms of 70 be:

Forms of Have:

Note: Just as we have does’ as singular from ‘do’, similarly we have ‘has’ from have’. Has’ appears to be the short form of ‘haves’.

Exercise 1

Put the verbs in the brackets into Simple Present Tense :
1. The Price of these Jeans (to be) reasonable. [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-A)]
2. We often (find) new pools appearing all over.
3. You (think) they are kind, Jack?
4. Five of these prizes (award) every year.
5. I (not think) we can go that far.
6. Time and tide (wait/waits) for none. [H.B.S.E. March 2019 (Set-B)]
7. If Senor Columbus (wish) to speak, he will be heard.
8. Maoris (live) in wooden houses.
9. How many mangoes Krishna (want)?
10. They will not site a man unless he (hurt) them.
Answer:
1. is
2. find
3. think
4. are awarded
5. not think
6. wait
7. wishes
8. live
9. wants
10. hurts.

2. The Present Continuous Tense
Form: This tense is formed by using the forms of the auxiliary ‘be’ and the ‘ing form of the verb. The negative sentences are formed by adding ‘not to the auxiliary. The interrogative is formed by placing the helping verb before the subject : (वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं की आवाज आती है।)
Is he playing? No, he is not playing. He is resting.

Chart of Present Continuous Tense :

Uses of the Present Continuous Tense :
(a) It shows what is happening now, at the time of writing or speaking. Rahim is studying in his room, but his brother Karim is playing in the garden.

(b) To express an action which may not be actually going on at the time of speaking, but is going on in general :
He is writing a book on Chemistry. They are building a new bridge on the river.

(c) To express an action which is likely to happen in near future: My brother is coming next week. I am going to Delhi tomorrow.

(d) To express repeated happenings: He is always losing his things. His son is always bringing strange friends home.

The following verbs are not normally used in the continuous form :
(a) Verbs of senses: see, hear, smell, notice, feel, watch, etc.

(b) Verbs of emotion: want, wish, desire, refuse, forgive, care, like, hate, dislike, etc.

(c) Verbs of thinking: think, feel, realize, understand, mean, suppose, believe, expect, forget, remember, recollect, etc.

(d) Verbs of possession: own, owe, belong, possess.

(e) Such verbs as seem, signify, appear, contain, consist, concern, cost, matter, etc.

However, the above verbs can be used in the continuous form, when they have different meanings, or when they show the deliberate uses of senses, e.g. I am seeing the officer tomorrow. (to meet) Sita is smelling the contents of the bottle to judge what it contains. (to smell deliberately) The judge is hearing the case. (proceedings of a legal case)

Exercise 2
Put the verbs in the brackets into Present Continuous Tense.

1. Sid flew downstairs and said, “Aunty, Tom (die).”
2. Look! they (go) down. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
3. As a witness of this desire of mine, I (make) this request.
4. The conductor (walk) on the footpath.
5. Swami (solve) a simple sum.
6. The young penguin (feed) by the mother penguin.
7. Who (sit) there cross-legged?
8. Tom (paint) with exertion.
9. Susan (bring) fifty girls home.
10. Lt. Brown (lead) the patrolling.
Answer:
1. is dying
2. are going
3. am making
4. is walking
5. is solving
6. is being fed
7. is sitting
8. is painting
9. is bringing
10. is leading

3. The Present Perfect Tense
Form: This tense is formed by using has/have + IIIrd form of the verb. In negative, ‘not’ is added after has/have. In interrogative sentences, has/have is placed before the subject. (वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर चुका है, चुकी है, चुके हैं, की आवाज आती है।)
He has done his homework.
I have not taken lunch.
Have you met Dinesh?

Chart of the Present Perfect Tense :

Uses of the Present Perfect Tense :
(a) To express an action which has just been completed: Have you written a letter? Yes, I have just completed it.

(b) To express an action which began in the past and has continued upto the present. For this use of the tense for and since can be used to denote the length of time. For is used to show the length of time and since to show the point of time. I have lived in this house for ten years.

(c) To express an action which happened in the past at an indefinite time. We either don’t know its time or we do not mention it. I have seen the Taj Mahal. I have met the author of this book.

(d) But if the past time is mentioned, we don’t use this tense. Then it is better to use Simple Past Tense. I have taken my lunch. I took it an hour ago.

Exercise 3
Put the verbs in the brackets into Present Perfect Tense :
1. We (consider) all this before. [H.B.S.E: 2017 (Set-A)]
2. We have looked into the saliva of mad dogs that (just-die).
3. Many an accident (has/have) recently taken place. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-C)]
4. As I have grown older, this attachment also (grow).
5. I (miss) him from my bus route of late.
6. What that bird (get) under its tail?
7. Mihir Sen (show) remarkable courage.
8. Neither of the two boys (has/have) done it. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-A)]
9. The conductor (win) his victory.
10. My hostess (keep) her promise.
Answer:
1. have considered
2. has just died
3. have
4. has grown
5. have missed
6. has got
7. has showed
8. has
9. has won
10. has kept.

4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Form: This tense is formed by using has/have + been + Ist form of the verb + ing. The negative is formed by placing not after has/have and in interrogatives has/have is placed before the subject. (वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर से रहा है, से रही है, से रहा था की आवाज आती है।)
Have you been living in this city for a long time? No, I have not been living here since long.
I have been living here only for five years.

Chart of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense :

Uses of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
(a) To express an action which began in the past but it still continuing: It has been raining since morning. We have been waiting for Mohan to come.

(b) To express an action, which has just finished, but whose effect or result still continues: I am tired; I have been watering the plants since morning. I am late because I have been washing my car.

Exercise 4
Put the verbs in the brackets into Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
1. Aunt Jane is surprised at the way they (live).
2. The Maoris (use) hot water for years.
3. Ram (cry) since morning. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-A)]
4. They (quarrel) since morning.
5. The conductor (work) for an hour. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
6. He (plays) the piano for many years.
7. Tom (cry) since morning.
8. Uncle Podger (try) to hang the picture since afternoon.
9. I (watch) the moods of the Ganga since my childhood.
10. Girls (enjoy) tea for an hour.
Answer:
1. have been living
2. have been using
3. has been crying
4. have been quarreling
5. has been working
6. has been playing
7. has been crying
8. has been trying
9. have been watching
10. have been enjoying.

5. The Simple Past Tense Form :
The Simple Past Tense is formed by using the IInd form of the verb. The negatives are formed by using did not + Ist form of the verb and the interrogatives by placing ‘did’ before the subject and using the Ist form of the verb. (वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर आ, ई, ऐ की आवाज आती है।)
Did you go to the theatre last night?
No, I did not go to the theatre. I went to the club.

Chart of the Simple Past (Past Indefinite) Tense :

Uses of the Simple Past Tense :
(a) The Simple Past Tense is used to express an action completed in the definite past. I came to this city in 1985. At that time it was a calm area.
businessman set up a factory here and the place became very noisy
(b) To express a past habit: When I was at Jaipur, I always got up at five in the morning and went for a walk.
(c) To express an action which continued for some time in the past. But we now refer to the completed action. He waded through the water to bring her hat. He climbed the stairs slowly.

Exercise 5
Put the verbs in the brackets into Past Indefinite Tense :
1. Three persons got out and (disappear) into the night. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
2. The director as well as the dancers (was/were) honoured. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-B)]
3. The lady (not go) up the stairs.
4. Alfred Nobel (be) born on 21st October 1833. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
5. He (not carry away) by his success.
6. More men than one (was/were) absent today. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-A)]
7. Mr Hudson assured me that it (can do) no harm.
8. Did this mean all his work (be) wasted?
9. No student and no teacher (was/were) present. [H.B.S.E. 2019 (Set-C)]
10. When Nehru (write) his will? [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-B)]
Answer:
1. disappeared
2. were
3. did not go
4. was
5. was not carried away
6. were
7. could do
8. was
9. was
10. did Nehru write.

6. The Past Continuous Tense
Form: This tense is formed by was/were + Ist form of the verb + ing. The negative is formed by adding not to was/were. In interrogative sentences was/were is placed before the subject.
(हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे की आवाज आती है।) The teacher came into the classroom and found that Mukesh was sleeping. “Were you sleeping ?” asked the teacher.
“No, Sir, I was reading a book, I was not sleeping,” replied Mukesh.

Chart of the Past Continuous Tense:

Uses of the Past Continuous Tense :
(a) This tense is used to express an action which was continuing at some point of time in the past. The fire was burning when we came in.
He was taking lunch when I went to see him.
(b) To express actions which were happening repeatedly in the past: He was always asking me for help.
(c) To express two or more actions happening simultaneously in the past: While she was writing, he was looking out of the window. While others were watching the television, Prem was studying in his room.

Exercise 6
Put the verbs in the brackets into Past Continuous Tense :
1. We saw that she (float) on the water of the river. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-D)]
2. As he could see, she (cry) silently.
3. Jonas knew what they (go) to do.
4. Tom (paint) with his exertions by this time.
5. Curious eyes watched her to see if she (cry).
6. The dog (blink) his eyes when I saw it.
7. Prof. Ambrik Singh saw that the girl (weep).
8. The Maoris (sing) hymns when we reached there.
9. The old penguin (move) slowly.
10. Lt. Martis (carry) a gun when I saw him.
Answer:
1. was floating
2. was crying
3. were going
4. was painting
5. was crying
6. was blinking
7. was weeping
8. were singing
9. was moving
10. was carrying.

7. The Past Perfect Tense
Form: The Past Perfect Tense is formed by using had + IIIrd form of the verb. The negative is formed by adding not to had. The interrogative is formed by placing had before the subject. The robber had robbed her before the police came. But they had not touched her diamond ring.
Had she hidden it somewhere?

Chart of the Past Perfect Tense :

Uses of the Past Perfect Tense :
(a) When two actions happened in the past, the past perfect tense shows which action was completed before the other action started: The thieves had run away when the police arrived.
(b) To express an action completed before a certain point of time in the past: I had completed my work at 10 p.m.
(c) To express an impossible condition of the past: If he had worked hard, he would have passed.

Exercise 7
Put the verbs in the brackets into Past Perfect Tense :
1. Susan realised what she ……………. (do) and began to cry.
Answer:
had done

2. Loisel possessed eighteen thousand francs which his father ……………. (leave) him.
Answer:
had left

3. The patient ………… (die) before the doctor arrived.
Answer:
had died

4. They …………… (know) each other for forty years.
Answer:
had known

5. Miss Beam was all that I …………. (expect).
Answer:
had expected

6. It was an old car which Professor Ambrik Singh recently ………….. (purchase).
Answer:
had purchased

7. Swami ………….. (solve) the sum before father scolded him.
Answer:
had solved

8. Susan ………….. (reach) the school before the bell rang.
Answer:
had reached

9. He thanked me for what I ………….. (do). [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-B)]
Answer:
had done

10. The enemy …………… (flee) before we opened fire.
Answer:
had fled.

8. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Form: This tense is formed by using had + been + Ist form of the verb + ing. The negative is formed by putting not between had and been. In interrogative sentences, had is put before the subject. The fire had been burning for four hours before the fire brigade arrived. Had it been burning since morning? No, it had not been burning since morning.

Chart of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense :

Uses of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense :
This tense is used to express the continuity of an action at a given point in the past. In other words, the action started before a given point in the past. It was continuing at that time and probably continued after that also. He had been waiting for me when I reached there. The match had been going on for two hours when I reached the stadium.

Exercise 8

Put the verbs in the brackets into Past Perfect Continuous Tense :
1. They (talk) about the treasure hunt for two hours.
2. This was the opportunity he (wait) for.
3. The conductor (pull) the bell for a long time when the bus stopped.
4. Pasteur (carry on) with his experiments since long.
5. Nobel (work) on the chemical composition of the explosives for a long time.
Answer:
1. had been talking
2. had been waiting
3. had been pulling
4. had been carrying on
5. had been working.

9. The Simple Future (Future Indefinite) Tense
Form: The Simple Future Tense is formed by using shall/will + infinitive without ‘to’ Ist form of the verb. The negative is formed by putting ‘not’ after shall/will. In interrogative sentences, shall/will is placed before the subject. I shall/will play. Will Mohinder visit us tomorrow? No, he will not visit us. He is going to Agra.

Chart of the Simple Future (Future Indefinite) Tense :

Uses of the Simple Future Tense :
(a) To show future: He will go to Mumbai next week.
(b) To express the speaker’s opinions or assumptions about the future: I think he will not come back. We hope that Akhil will get First Division.
(c) Sometimes, the simple future tense is used to express habitual actions or general truths. He will always tell lies. A dog’s tail will remain crooked.
(d) Generally, shall is used with first person (I, we) and will is used with 2nd and 3rd persons. But will can be used with Ist person in order to express intention or promise. Shall can be used with promise, prohibition, etc. (see the chapter on Modal Auxiliaries): I will always help you in your need (promise). We will fight to the finish (determination). You shall not enter my room with muddy feet (prohibition).

Other ways of expressing the future :
Apart from shall/will, there are several other ways of expressing the future time in English. Some of these are:
(a) The Simple Present Tense: This tense can be used for a planned future action, particularly when it concerns a journey. We leave Jind at six, arrive Chandigarh at eleven and take a plane for Kullu at twelve.

(b) The Present Continuous Tense: It is used to express definite future arrangements. Usually, it is used to express an action which will take place in near future. He is leaving at the end of this week. My uncle is coming tomorrow.

(c) Going to + Ist form of the verb: This form is used to express the speaker’s intention or his certainty about an event. I am going to build a new house (intention). It is going to rain (certainty about an action).

Exercise 9

Put the verbs in the brackets into Future Indefinite Tense :
1. He …………… (die) of sunstroke if he keeps on like this.
Answer:
will die

2. …………… (tell) you after wards.
Answer:
shall tell

3. I ………….. (do) certainly nothing of this kind.
Answer:
shall do

4. If you go on the top, you ……………. (have) pneumonia.
Answer:
will have

5. Give me my ship and I ………….. (bring) enough.
Answer:
shall bring

6. If God smiles, Spain ………….. (become) wealthy and victorious.
Answer:
will become

7. That chain I ………………………. (not break).
Answer:
shall not break

8. When the poison reaches his heart, he . ………. (die).
Answer:
will die

9. Roux …………… (conduct) a new experiment.
Answer:
will conduct

10. He …………… (visit) us next week. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-B)]
Answer:
will visit.

10. The Future Continuous Tense
Form: This tense is formed by using shall/will + present participle (Ist form + ing). The negative is formed by putting ‘not’ after shall/will. In interrogative sentences, will/shall is placed before the subject.
Will you be playing a match tomorrow? No, I shall not be playing. I shall be sitting in a train this time tomorrow.

Chart of the Future Continuous Tense :

Uses of the Future Continuous Tense :
(a) To express an action which is expected to take place in the normal course. It is less definite than the present continuous. We are seeing the manager tomorrow (definite arrangement). We shall be seeing the manager tomorrow (less definite).

(b) To express an action that will be in progress at a given point of time in future: When you reach Shimla, it will be snowing there. At this time tomorrow, I shall be traveling in a train.

(c) In the interrogative, the Future Continuous implies a polite request or query. Will you be coming with me?

Exercise 10

Put the verbs in the brackets into Future Continuous Tense :
1. He ……………. (wait) for you when you reach there.
Answer:
will be waiting

2. The conductor ………….. (wait) for an opportunity when you reach there.
Answer:
will be waiting

3. Alfred …………… (draw up) his will by next week.
Answer:
will be drawing up

4. The author …………… (meet) an Arab diver at this hour tomorrow.
Answer:
will be meeting

5. The divers ……………. (chew) their food slowly when you see us.
Answer:
will be chewing.

11. The Future Perfect Tense Form :
This tense is formed with shall/will + have + past participle (III form of the verb). The negative is formed by putting ‘not’ after shall/will. In the interrogative sentences, shall/will is placed before the subject. He will have done this work. Will he have started the next work also?
No, he will not have started the next work. He will have gone home.

Chart of the Future Perfect Tense :

Uses of the Future Perfect Tense :
(a) To express an action which is expected to be completed by a given future time: I shall have solved the sum by that time. By the time the doctor arrives, the patient will have died.

(b) To express the speaker’s belief or guess about an action: Subodh will have reached Delhi by now. (Perhaps Subodh has reached Delhi by now.) You will have read about Akbar the Great.

Exercise 11

Put the verbs in the brackets into Future Perfect Tense :
1. Dr. Raman (save) the life of Gopal before you reach there.
2. Swami (solve) the sum before the night falls.
3. The Maoris (decorate) the church by the time the priest returns.
4. The journalist (visit) the front before the war breaks out.
5. Tom (go) to the school before Aunt Polly comes.
Answer:
1. will have saved
2. will have solved
3. will have decorated
4. will have visited
5. will have gone.

12. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Form: The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is formed with shall/will + have been + present participle (Ist form + ing). The negative is formed by putting ‘not’ after shall/will. In interrogative sentences, will/ shall is put before the subject. Will the gardener have been watering the plants in the evening? No, he will not have been watering the plants. He will have been trimming the plants.

Chart of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense :

Uses of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
This tense is used to express an action which will begin before a certain time in the future, will be continuing at that certain point of time and will continue even after that. When you reach the ground, the match will have been going on for one hour. (The match will begin, one hour before you reach, will still be in progress at the time of your reaching there and will continue even after your arrival.)

Exercise 12

Put the verbs in the brackets into Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
1. Hari ……………. (show) them maps for an hour when the teacher arrives.
Answer:
will have been showing

2. The divers …………. (dive) since morning when they get a warning.
Answer:
will have been diving

3. Swami …………… (think) about the mangoes for half an hour before he gets these.
Answer:
will have been thinking

4. The child ……………. (cry) since morning when the mother picks it up.
Answer:
will have been crying

5. Dr. Raman …………… (examine) his patients for a long time when you reach there.
Answer:
will have been examining.

Conjugation of Verbs Or Three Forms of Verbs

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. Snakes (not make) holes. They (live) in the holes made by other creatures.
2. Four miles (is/are) not a long distance. [H.B.S.E. March, 2019 (Set-B)]
3. I or he (am/is) to be rewarded. [H.B.S.E. March, 2019 (Set-C)]
4. I(not hear) from him since he (go) to Delhi.
5. Our teacher (speak) so quickly that most of the students (not understand) him.
6. In Tamilnadu men usually (wear) lungis.
7. Run fast! The train ……………… (leave). [H.B.S.E. March 2020 (Set-C)]
8. I cannot answer the telephone because I (make) an omelette.
9. She always …………………… (find) faults in others. [H.B.S.E. March, 2020 (Set-A)]
10. You (love) her? No, I (like) her manners but I (not love) her.
11. You (know) why water (boil) when we (heat) it?
12. Who (make) so much noise in the next room ?
13. I usually (celebrate) Diwali with pomp and show, but this year I (not celebrate) it as my mother-in-law has died.
14. This story is about a man who (sell) his land and (go) to the country of Bashkirs.
15. What evidence (is/are) these acts ? [H.B.S.E. March, 2019 (Set-A)]
Answers :
1. do not make, live;
2. is;
3. is;
4. have not heard, went;
5. speaks, do not understand;
6. wear;
7. is leaving;
8. I am making;
9. finds;
10. Do you love; like, do not love;
11. Do you know, boils, heat;
12. is making;
13. celebrate, I am not celebrating;
14. sells, goes;
15. are.

Exercise 2

Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. I cannot go out as it (rain).
2. He generally (wear) white clothes, but today he (wear) a red shirt.
3. Milk (cost) Thirty rupees a kilo.
4. Rain (fall) from the clouds.
5. Crime never (pay).
6. The workers (repair) the road at present.
7. People (wear) new clothes at Diwali.
8. When I (reach) his house, he (have) his breakfast.
9. I usually (drink) coffee but now I (drink) tea.
10. We (have) our lunch at the Bulbul Restaurant this afternoon.
11. As it is good weather, children (play) in the garden.
12. The doctor (examine) the patient in the next room.
13. Do not make a noise. The baby (sleep) in the cradle.
14. I (hear) a noise from the next home. Vijay is beating his wife again.
15. Water ……….. (to boils) at 100°. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-C)]
Answers:
1. is raining;
2. wears is wearing;
3. costs;
4. falls;
5. pays;
6. are repairing;
7. wear;
8. reached, was having;
9. drink, am drinking;
10. are having;
11. are playing;
12. is examining;
13. is sleeping;
14. hear;
15. boils.

Exercise 3
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. He (take) meal and is playing in the garden now.
2. Please give me your pen. I (forget) mine at home.
3. I (ring) the bell for five minutes, but nobody (come) to answer.
4. This woman (visit) the shop five times but so far she (not purchase) anything.
5. He …………… (be) a teacher since 1988. [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-A)]
6. I (wait) for you for the last one hour.
7. I ……………… (dig) in the garden since morning. [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-B)]
8. You cannot meet Rajesh. He (just go) out.
9. Geeta went to Delhi six months ago, but I (not hear) from her so far.
10. He …………….. (not come) back yet. [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-D)]
11. India and Pakistan (fight) three wars.
12. You cannot go out till you (complete) your homework.
13. I (help) him five time in the past, but he (not improve).
14. He already (write) five letters and is still writing.
15. The clock …………….. (just strike) twelve. [H.B.S.E. 2020 (Set-B)]
Answers:
1. has taken;
2. have forgotten;
3. have been ringing, come;
4. has visited, has not purchased;
5. has been;
6. have been waiting;
7. have been digging;
8. has just gone;
9. have not heard;
10. has not come;
11. have fought;
12. have completed;
13. have helped, has not improved;
14. written;
15. has just strike.

Exercise 4
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. A liar is a person who habitually (tell) lies. [H.B.S.E. 2017 (Set-C)]
2. He (play) for two hours and still (not stop).
3. The burglars (try) to get into the house for two hours.
4. You cannot meet him. He (write) a letter.
5. He generally (go) to college in a car, but today he (go) on a cycle.
6. I (smell) something burning.
7. I (not met) the minister so far but I (meet) him tomorrow.
8. There is no use of calling the doctor; the patient already (die).
9. The hungry child (cry) for ten minutes.
10. Mohan (like) to swim in the river.
11. He (wear) that coat for fifteen years and it (wear out) at the elbows.
12. I never (see) such a beautiful girl.
13. Everybody (admire) a smart boy.
14. It is high time the Govt. (take) strong measures to curb the menace of terrorism.
15. I want to go to the theatre; I not (see) a good play for a long time.
Answers:
1. tells;
2. has been playing, has still not stopped;
3. have been trying;
4. is writing;
5. goes, is going;
6. smell;
7. have not met, am meeting;
8. has already died;
9. has been crying;
10. likes;
11. has been wearing, has worn out;
12. have never seen;
13. admires;
14. is taking;
15. have not seen.

Exercise 5
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. I (meet) the author of this book. I (meet) him last month.
2. I (see) the Taj Mahal. I (see) it ten years ago.
3. When I was on my way to the college, my scooter suddenly (break) down. I (get) it repaired but it (make) me late by one hour.
4. You (see) the film that is showing at the Kundan Theatre? Yes, I (see) it last week.
5. There (be) a very good programme on the T.V. last night. You (see) it ?
6. I (start) writing articles at the age of 20 and by now I (write) 400.
7. You (meet) Mohan lately? I (ring) his room several times but (get) no answer.
8. Sudha (go) to the market two hours ago, but she (not return) yet.
9. My uncle (just arrive) from Kolkata.
10. He (suffer) from typhoid since Sunday.
Answers:
1. have met, met;
2. have seen, saw;
3. broke, got, made;
4. Have you seen, saw;
5. was, Did you see;
6. started, have written;
7. Have you met, rang, got;
8. went, has not returned;
9. has just arrived;
10. has been suffering.

Exercise 6
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. We (lit) the fire at 6 a.m. and it (burn) brightly when we came back at 9 a.m.
2. When I (enter) the room, everybody (be) busy. But Mohan (look) out of the window.
3. Last Saturday, i ……………. (stay) at home. [H.B.S.E. March 2020 (Set-A, D)]
4. She (have) a bath when doorbell (ring). She hurriedly (put) on her clothes and (come) out. It was a detective. He (ask) her what she (doing) at the time.
5. I suddenly (find) that I (travel) in the wrong direction.
6. When I (enter) the room, I (find) that everything (be) scattered on the floor. My son (search) for his lost pen.
7. He (sit) at the bank, fishing. Suddenly he (see) something floating. He (jump) into the lake and (find) that it was a dead body.
8. When I (enter) the classroom. I found that the lecture had begun and the teacher (write) on the blackboard.
9. I (leave) the party early because I (not enjoy) myself.
10. The officer (play) golf when he (hear) the news of strike in the factory.
Answers:
1. lit was burning;
2. entered, was, was looking;
3. stayed;
4. was having, rang, put, came, asked, was she doing;
5. found, was traveling;
6. entered, found, was, was searching;
7. was sitting, saw, jumped, found;
8. entered, was writing;
9. left, was not enjoying;
10. was playing, heard.

Exercise 7
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. He (sit) down after he (deliver) the speech.
2. The teacher (say) that we could go home if we (complete) our work.
3. After he (see off) his wife at the airport, he (come) home.
4. When he (come) home, he (find) that thieves (break into) his home in his absence.
5. He (find) that they (take) his electronic typewriter.
6. A woman brought a small child and said that he (swallow) a safety pin.
7. He (return) the book to me and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much.
8. When the doctor came he (find) that the patient (died).
9. By the time the fire engine (arrive) most of the huts (be destroy).
10. I ran very fast but I was disappointed to find that the train (leave).
Answers:
1. sat, had delivered.
2. said, had completed.
3. had seen off, came
4. came, found, had broken into.
5. found, had taken.
6. had swallowed
7. returned, said, had enjoyed.
8. found, had died.
9. arrived, had been destroyed.
10. had left.

Exercise 8
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. At 9 p.m. last night, I (watch) the television.
2. The players (enter) the stage carrying torches.
3. It started to rain while we tennis. (to play) [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-C)]
4. He (cross) the room and (sit) in the chair.
5. It ……………… (happen) in the year 1924. [H.B.S.E. March 2020 (Set-)]
6. When he came in we (take) dinner.
7. Last year I (attend) a conference at Chennai.
8. An accident (take) place at the crossroads last evening.
9. When Mohan (be) five years old, his father (die).
10. When I was walking along the road, the wind (blow) off my hat.
11. I (think) hard and (find) a solution.
12. After walking for four kilometers I (realize) that I (go) in the wrong direction.
13. I (break) my leg when I was dancing.
14. Hitler (get) a great number of Jews killed.
15. The doctor (examine) the patients when I went to see him.
Answers:
1. was watching.
2. entered.
3. were playing
4. crossed sat.
5. happened.
6. were taking.
7. attended,
8. took place,
9. was, died.
10. blew off.
11. thought found.
12. realized, was going.
13. broke.
14. got.
15. was examining.

Exercise 9
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. When I (reach) the cinema hall I found that I (have) no money for the tickets.
2. Mohan (read) quietly when a stranger (rush) in.
3. I(walk) along the Mall when I (come) across a man with a long beard.
4. I(go) to the Dentist but he (be) out.
5. I (pick) up the receiver and (dial) a number. The bell (ring) but nobody (seem) to be there.
6. When we went out early this morning the sun (shine).
7. He (slip) and injured his leg when he (get) down the bus.
8. I (see) a man’s hat floating down the river when I (fish).
9. It (rain) heavily when he (wake) up.
10. He (remember) that his friend (come) for lunch in the afternoon.
Answers:
1. reached, had.
2. was reading, rushed.
3. was walking, came.
4. went, was
5. picked up, dialled, was ringing, seemed.
6. was shining.
7. slipped, was getting down.
8. saw, fishing.
9. was raining, woke.
10. remembers, was coming.

Exercise 10
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. The woman told the doctor that her son just (break) his leg.
2. The accident (occur) at 10.30 a.m. this morning.
3. When I reached the house I (find) that thieves (break) into it.
4. I found that they (take) away a lot of money.
5. The thieves (run) away before I reached the house.
6. The match (begin) before we reached the stadium.
7. The thieves (run) away before the police (arrive).
8. When I reached the cinema hall, the picture already (begin).
9. He (leave) just for his office.
10. We ……………… (have) our dinner before she left.
11. When I (reach) the bus stop, the bus (leave).
12. He went home after we (see) the film.
13. He (become) happy when he (know) that he (pass).
14. If he (work) hard, he would have won the prize.
15. I (thank) her for what she (do) for me. [H.B.S.E. March, 2020 (Set-C)]
Answers:
1. had just broken.
2. occurred.
3. found, had broken
4. had taken.
5. had run
6. had begun.
7. had run, arrived.
8 had already begun.
9. has left.
10. had.
11. reached, had left.
12. had seen.
13. became, knows, had passed.
14. had worked.
15. thanked, had done for me.

Exercise 11
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. I wonder if I (get) tickets in advance.
2. I (know) the results in a week’s time.
3. If you work hard, you (pass).
4. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.
5. At this time tomorrow, I (travel) in a train.
6. By six p.m. tomorrow, I (do) this work.
7. I(to Finish) this novel by this time tomorrow. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-D)]
8. There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone (look) for taxis and rickshaws next week.
9. What ……………. (happen) if you fail. [H.B.S.E. March, 2020 (Set-B)]
10. He has lost of weight since he (join) the Health Club.
Answers:
1. shall get;
2. shall know;
3. will pass;
4. will arrive;
5. shall be travelling;
6. shall have done;
7. shall have finished;
8. will be looking;
9. will happen;
10. joined.

Exercise 12
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. If you walk fast, you (catch) the train.
2. When you reach there he (read) a book.
3. By evening 1 (read) half the book.
4. At 7 p.m. he (ring) for two hours.
5. I (return) your book tomorrow.
6. I (help) you in your difficulty.
7. You (know) your result next week.
8. A number of tourists (arrive) Shimla next summer.
9. The train (leave) by the time you reach the station.
10. As you sow, so you (reap).
11. The gardener (water) the plants before the sun rises.
12. The sun (rise) before we reach the top.
13. I (do) the washing tomorrow morning.
14. If he is clever enough, he (get) his answer.
15. When she (peel) the potatoes, she (cut) her finger.
Answers:
1. will catch.
2. will be reading.
3. will have read.
4. will have been ringing
5. will return
6. will help.
7. shall know
8. will arrive.
9. will have left.
10. shall you reap
11. waters
12. had arisen
13. will do
14. will get
15. was peeling, cut.

Exercises For Practice (Unsolved)

Exercise 1
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. Bad students never (work) hard.
2. He just decided that he (undertake) the job.
3. I could not get his scooter because he (sell) it.
4. I(do) the last question when the bell (ring).
5. I shall not go to his house unless he (invite) me.
6. There (to go) the bell. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-B)]
7. The meeting (start) after the President (arrive).
8. He (finish) his studies before the war broke out.
9. If father (give) me one lakh rupees I (buy) that car.
10. I (live) here for the last two years.
11. Ever since I (leave) my town, I (live) in Delhi.
12. She (finish) her homework when her sister (see) her yesterday.
13. Mohan (go) to market in the morning but he (not return) yet.
14. They (buy) a house in Delhi two years ago.
15. Mumps (to be) not common among adults. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-A)]

Exercise 2
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. My servant (leave) me two weeks ago.
2. Either Mohan or I (to go). [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-A)]
3. The teacher (teach) the lesson before I (come) to the school yesterday.
4. I(live) here for the last five years.
5. Indians (become) politically conscious before they (get) their freedom.
6. He (become) an officer if he (pass) the I.A.S.
7. Wood always (float) on water.
8. They (return) to Delhi when the plane (develop) engine trouble.
9. The police (catch) the thief last night.
10. The sun (shine) when we went out.
11. If I (go) to meet him in the morning, I certainly (meet) him.
12. If he (go) into that field the bull (chase) him.
13. Baba started weeping when he (to come) out of the court. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-D)]
14. We (attend) a function tomorrow evening. We (come) back by ten.
15. I (make) a doll. I (expect) to finish it soon.

Exercise 3
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets.
1. I (know) already that he (say) no to my proposal.
2. Although the work (seem) difficult I could finish it in time.
3. He (live) in this city for the last five years.
4. Here (to be) two apples. [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-D)]
5. It is decided that we (attend) the college function tomorrow.
6. He was so proud that no one (like) him.
7. How often you (go) to the cinema?
8. He (meet) with an accident and now is in hospital.
9. He is your younger brother; you (help) him.
10. The mayor as well as his brothers (to be) going to prison. [H.B.S.E. March 2018 (Set-B)]
11. We (leave) the city before he came.
12. If I (be) a ghost I (frighten) all the people I dislike.
13. She normally (wear) spectacles but today she is not wearing them.
14. The robbers (rob) the traveller of all his money and (bind) his hands and legs with a rope.
15. He (play) since morning.

Exercise 4
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets:
1. I (see) him (complete) his work.
2. They (to burn) Panchkula yesterday. [H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-B)]
3. The boys (decorate) the school for the minister’s visit. The minister (arrive) here tomorrow.
4. He (write) the letter, put it in an envelope and (go) out to post it.
5. I never (forget) what you just (tell) me.
6. I(work) since morning and now I am tired.
7. He usually (read) the newspaper at breakfast.
8. We (stop) playing as it (begin) to rain heavily.
9. Although the work (be) tough I (finish) it within time.
10. When they visited the hospital, Mohan (get) discharged.
11. She (read) the newspaper when her brother (come) home.
12. Either my brothers or my father (to be) responsible.[H.B.S.E. March, 2018 (Set-C)]
13. You (think) differently from this when you (be) older.
14. No sooner had he left the room than it (begin) to rain.
15. If you (tell) the truth, the teacher would not have punished you.

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Miscellaneous Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Miscellaneous Exercise

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Ex 13.5 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Ex 13.5

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Ex 13.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 13 Probability Ex 13.4